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1、 大学英语B网考辅导 语法精讲与样题分析语法精讲与样题分析 语法知识归纳一、非谓语动词二、情态动词和虚拟语气 非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词动名词动名词分分 词词不定式不定式现在分词过去分词过去分词 语态 时态主动被动不定式一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done动名词一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done分词一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done非谓语动词的三种形式 语法知识归纳一、非谓语动词1、哪些动词接不定式，哪些
2、接动名词，哪些动词即可接不定式，又可接动名词，但是词义不同。2、不定式、动名词的复合结构及其时态和语态。3、不定式符号to的省略与否。4、现在分词与过去分词的区别。1、接不定式作宾语的动词有afford, agree, decide, determine, expect, hope, manage, refuse, offer, pretend等。55. He _ to arrange a loan through a finance company. (test 1) A. tried B. succeeded C. managed D. endeavored考点分析：succeed (in
3、) doing sth, try/ endeavor to do sth表示“尝试、试图”，而manage to do sth表示“设法做成了某事”2、不定式中的to是否省略1)感官动词feel, hear, listen to, see, look at, notice, watch 以及使役动词have, let, make等动词后，不定式不带to,但是，当这些动词变成被动语态时，动词不定式要加上to.如：Mum makes me eat eggs every day. Im made to eat eggs every day (by mum). 2)不定式用作介词but和except的
4、宾语时，如果其前有do的某种形式，不定式不带to,否则不定式要带to.如： 49. They talked in whispers, but still, I couldnt help but _ their conversation. (test 5) A. overhear B. to overhear C. overhearing D. overheard46. That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but _the police. (test 4) A. called in B. calling in C. call in
5、D. to call in 注意：在but构成的习惯用语中不带to: can not help but do(不得不）can do nothing but docan not choose but docan not do anything but do(只能做) 3)在情态动词如：had better, would rather than之后不用to, 动词help后，to可带可不带。 3、下列动词或动词词组后只接动名 词作宾语1) admit, appreciate, avoid, delay, 2) consider, escape, enjoy, finish, 3) mind, pr
6、actise, risk, suggest52. I dont know why she avoids _ his opinion on the subject. (Test 3) A. to give B. to be given C. giving D. being given50. Her sun-tanned face suggested that she_ in excellent health. (Test 6) A. be B. is C. was D. were2) cant help, cant stand, give up, feel like, put off, be b
7、usy, have difficulty /trouble (in), have a good/wonderful/hard time, be used to, see to, be opposed to, be sentenced to, admit to, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to46. Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _ for her exam. (Test 1) A. to pr
8、epare B. to be prepared C. preparing D. being prepared57. I _ going to the doctor, but I wish I hadnt. (Test 1) A. pick out B. make out C. give off D. put off46. The match was cancelled because most of the members _ a match without a standard court. (Test 6) A. objected to having B. objected to have
9、 C. were objected to have D. were objected to having4、1)下列动词或词组后既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上又区别，要特别注意。forget / rememberto do sth 忘记/记住去做某事 doing sth 忘记/记住已做某事53. If I had remembered _ the window, the thief would not have got in. (Test 3) A. to close B. closing C. to have closed D. having closedstop to
10、 do sth 停下来接着做另一件事doing sth 停止做某事 try to do sth 努力/试图做某事doing sth 尝试着做某事 mean go onto do sth 意欲/想/企图做某事doing sth 意味着做某事to do sth （做完某事）接着做另一件事doing sth 继续做同一件事(=go on with sth)2) 动词need, require, want和be worth need/require/wantdoing/to be donesb. to do sth.The window needs/requires/wantscleaning.to
11、be cleaned. be worth+n.doing The place is worth visiting.(主动表被动含义。 5、分词 现在分词和过去分词 1）区别：掌握八个字。 分词现在分词：主动、进行过去分词：被动、完成 2）过去分词和现在分词的被动式都可以表示被动的意义，但各自的时间的概念不同：过去分词表示动作完成或已经发生，而现在分词的被动式表示动作正在进行，还未完成。46. Air pollution _, this city is still a good place to live in. (Test 3) A. being greatly reduced B. grea
12、tly being reduced C. to greatly reduce D. greatly to reduce47. Many Americans worry about leisure and hurry from one activity to the next, _ little time to stop and think. (Test 3) A. leave B. leaving C. left D. to leave54. Cambridge has announced plans to establish a business school _the masters de
13、gree in the business administration. (Test 3) A. representing B. offering C. presenting D. supplying考点分析：represent的意思是“代表”， offer 意为“提供”，present意为“提出” ， supply意为“供应”53. _ such a good chance, he planed to learn more. (Test 5) A. Giving B. Having given C. Having been given D. To be given= If he_ such
14、a good chance, he planed to learn more. A. was giving B. had given C. had been given D. was to give52. Having been asked to speak at the convention， _. (Test 6) A. some notes were prepared for Dr. Smith B. Smith prepared some notes C. The convention members were pleased to hear Dr. Smith D. Some not
15、es were prepared by Dr. Smith49. The concert usually takes place at the Peoples Square, with the audience _ on the ground. (Test 1) A. seating B. seated C. be seating D. to seat二、情态动词和虚拟语气（一）情态动词重点掌握“情态动词+完成时”的用法 1. must + have done: 表示对过去的一种肯定的推测，意为“肯定”“一定”。 2. may (might) + have done: 用于肯定和否定句，表示对
16、已发生的是事情的推测，相当于“可能”“大概”，但不太肯定。 3. should (ought to) +have done: 表示过去 应该做却没有做的事，译为“本来应 该”。4. shouldnt (oughtnt to) have done sth:表示 过去本不应该做却做了的事，译为 “本不该”。 47. Although Jack made a foolish mistake, we _ at him. (Test 4) A. ought to have laughed B. oughtnt to have laughed C. ought to laugh D. should not
17、 to laugh 47. Five minutes earlier, _ we could have caught the last train. A. and B. or C. so D. but 5. neednt + have done: 表示没必要做的事却做了， 可译为“其实不必” 4. could (not) + have done: 表过去的时间，说明某事可能（不可能）发生；肯定句表示某事过去本可以做但却未做；否定句表示某事过去本来不应该做但做了。二）虚拟语气 1、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中 2、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用 3、虚拟语气用在as if (as though), e
18、ven if (even though)中 4、在It is (high) time (that)句型中，也 需用虚拟语气。从句中的动词用过式。 5、用于if only引导的句中。 构 主 从 成 句时态虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反的假设If + 主语+动词的过去式（be 动词用were）主语+should /would /could /might+动词原形与过去事实相反的假设If + 主语+had +过去分词 主语+should /would /could /might +have+过去分词与将来事实相反的假设If + 主语+动词的过去式 If + 主语+were to do If + 主语
19、+should do 主语+should /would /could /might+动词原形 1、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中53. If I had remembered _ the window, the thief would not have got in. (Test 3) A. to close B. closing C. to have closed D. having closed50. If the whole program _ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost. (Test 1) A
20、. was not planned B. were not planned C. would not be planned D. had not been planned 2、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用当suggest, propose, desire, advice等含有建议的意思时，that从句习惯用（should)+动词原形这种形式还使用在“It is +形容词或过去分词或特定的名词+ that的主语从句”中：形容词有：advisable, desirable, essential, impor-tant, necessary, normal, strange过去分词有：decided
21、, desired, demanded, ordered, required, suggested 特定的名词有：advice, decision, desire, demand, suggestion, wish, proposal, idea49. We desire that the tour leader _ us imme- diadately of any changes in plan. (Test 4) A. inform B. informs C. informed D. has informed50. Her wish was that he _ at Beijing Un
22、iver- sity at once. (Test 5) A. studies B. studied C. study D. will study48. This is very difficult operation. It is essential that you _ for emergency. (Test 6) A. are to be prepared B. would prepared C. be prepared D. must be prepared 考点分析：在would rather、would prefer后的宾语从句中，需用虚拟语气，其构成为动词用过去式。49. Mo
23、st insurance agents would rather you _ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation. (Test 6) A. dont do B. didnt do C. would not do D. do 3、虚拟语气用在as if (as though), even if (even though)中54. Determined to _ as if everything were normal, he responded with a kind of indiffere
24、nce. (Test 1) A. carry on B. account for C. bring up D. get through 4、在It is (high) time (that)句型中，也需用虚 拟语气。从句中的动词用过去式。51. Isnt it about the time you _ to do morning exercises? (Test 1) A. began B. begin C. should begin D. have begun考点分析：表示现在的愿望，用would/could do; 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，用would/could have done46
25、. If only he _ what I tell him, but he wont. (Test 5) A. had done B. would do C. would have done D. has done 解题技巧解题技巧直接法直接法直接利用相关语法知识，通过题干中的已供信息，捕捉到解题线索，从而得出正确答案的解题方法。 关键词法关键词法许多题目中都有这样一些词，它们对于快速而准确地判定答案起着至关重要的作用。我们称这些词为关键词(key words)。找到句中的关键词，也就找到了解题的突破口 。 类推法类推法如果对题目的备选答案没有十分把握或把握很小，不妨利用“如果A对，那么B也对”的类推法，从而可将A、B予以否定 。 前后照应法前后照应法此方法多用于两个以上句子或对话形式命题的题目。解题前透彻理解，然后联系上下文，捕捉隐含信息，方能准确找出答案 。 排除法排除法根据题干提供的信息，先把一眼就看出的干扰项排除，缩小选择范围，然后将剩余的选项填入空白处进行检验，辨别真伪 。
