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1、Unit 3 Science and nature Grammar and usageTo find out how verb-ed forms are used as adjectivesTo learn that the verb-ed form can be functioned as the attributive, predicative and object complementTo learn how to use the verb-ed form and verb-ed phrases in different situation非非谓谓语语动动词词动名词动名词分分 词词不定式
2、不定式现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词Observe the sentences from this unit.1. If I had the chance, I would have a cloned baby.2. I think the scientific advances mentioned in your article are interesting.3. My grandfather was delighted to hear I had passed my exams.4. After the accident, they found the front windows br
3、oken. 5. She lay trapped under the building for three days.6. Asked why he was against cloning humans, the scientist explained that it might lead to disaster.7. Shocked by the article, the woman wrote a letter to the newspaper.8. Treated with electricity, the cell tissue will divide into several par
4、ts.基本形式和意义基本形式和意义过去分词过去分词是非谓语动词的一种,在句是非谓语动词的一种,在句子中不能单独作谓语。过去分词兼有子中不能单独作谓语。过去分词兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征,可以带动词、副词和形容词的特征,可以带补语或受状语修饰。过去分词和补语补语或受状语修饰。过去分词和补语或状语一起构成或状语一起构成过去分词短语过去分词短语。过去。过去分词的基本形式是分词的基本形式是“动词动词 + -ed”,但,但也有不规则的形式。也有不规则的形式。The Past ParticipleVerb-ed form & phrasesNow, its time to read the points
5、 on Page 48 about verb-ed form and Page 50 about verb-ed phrase.Then, pay attention to the following explanation. PAST PARTICIPLE AS _Example: So many thousands of terrified people died. the highly praised scientistthe retired scientistsa well-trained singerthe Attributivee.g. boiled water 开了的水开了的水A
6、 单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义,常作前置定语。动和完成的意义,常作前置定语。 注注意意:过过去去分分词词作作定定语语时时,有有时时只只有有被被动意义。动意义。 e.g. spoken English 英语口语英语口语 written exercises 书面练习书面练习过去分词作定语过去分词作定语a fallen leaf 一片落叶一片落叶the risen sun 升起来的太阳升起来的太阳the developed countries 发达国家达国家a retired teacher 一名退休教一名退休教师by-gone days 过去的去的
7、岁月月少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义。动词的过去分词只有完成的意义。e.g. How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods! 我多懊悔在我多懊悔在树林浪林浪费的的时光啊光啊! I like wearing clothes made of this kind of cloth我喜我喜欢穿穿这种布料做的衣服。种布料做的衣服。B 过去分词作后置定语,表示被动和过去分词作后置定语,表示被动和(或或)完成意义。完成意义。The books written by Lu Xun arepopular 鲁迅
8、写的书很受欢迎。鲁迅写的书很受欢迎。1. He told us of the great wrong done to him.= He told us of the great wrong _ to him. which had been done注注:过过去去分分词词作作定定语语时时可可以以转转化化为为定定语语从从句句。本本句句中中的的过过去去分分词词作作定定语语,既既表表被动又表完成。被动又表完成。Change the following past participles into clauses.2. The United States is a developed country. =
9、 The United States is a country _.which has developed注注: :本句中的过去分词作定语,只表示本句中的过去分词作定语,只表示 完成。完成。3. Have you noticed the bridge being built there? = Have you noticed the bridge _ there?which is being built注注: :本句中的过去分词作定语,表示被本句中的过去分词作定语,表示被 动的动作正在进行。动的动作正在进行。过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性定过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号。
10、语,前后常有逗号。Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train.他们当中有一些人他们当中有一些人, 生长在农村,从未生长在农村,从未见过火车。见过火车。过去分词短语用作定语时,其意义相当于过去分词短语用作定语时,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但比从句简洁,多用于笔一个定语从句,但比从句简洁,多用于笔语中。语中。用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,变成所谓的转移形容语。饰非人的事物,变成所谓的转移形容语。这种过去分词在形式上不直接修饰人,但这种过
11、去分词在形式上不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。The general stared at him in startled admiration.将军以惊讶而赞赏的眼光注视着他。将军以惊讶而赞赏的眼光注视着他。我们已经学习了动词我们已经学习了动词-ing形式作定语形式作定语, 这里就有一个问题了:这里就有一个问题了:动词动词-ed形式作定语和动词形式作定语和动词-ing形式作形式作定语有什么区别呢?定语有什么区别呢?接下来我们就谈谈它们的区别。接下来我们就谈谈它们的区别。1) 语态不同语态不同-ing表主动、进行;表主动、进行;-ed表被动、完成表被动
12、、完成-ed 作定语与作定语与-ing 作定语的区别作定语的区别:an inspiring speech 鼓舞人心的鼓舞人心的演说演说the inspired audience 受鼓舞的受鼓舞的听众听众the falling leaves 落叶落叶(正往下落的(正往下落的)the fallen leaves 落叶落叶(已落到地面的(已落到地面的)(正在变化的)(正在变化的)(变化了的)(变化了的)boiling waterboiled waterthe changing worldthe changed world(正在沸腾的(正在沸腾的) )(已经沸腾过的)(已经沸腾过的)fading fl
13、owers faded flowers( (正在凋谢的正在凋谢的) )(已经凋谢的)(已经凋谢的)a developing countrya developed country( (发展中的发展中的) )(发达的)(发达的) 2) 时间关系不同时间关系不同-ing 表表“正在进行正在进行”或或“与谓语动词同与谓语动词同时时进行进行”或或“经常性经常性”。-ed 表动作先于谓语动词表示的动作。表动作先于谓语动词表示的动作。Do you know the boy lying under the bigtree? “Cant you read?”Mary said, angrilypointing
14、to the notice.They took the injured woman to the hospital. 3) 及物动词的过去分词与现在分词及物动词的过去分词与现在分词的被动式都可表示被动的被动式都可表示被动, , 但但-ed表示一表示一个完成了的动作个完成了的动作, , 而而being done多表示多表示一个正在进行的动作。一个正在进行的动作。 The problem discussed yesterday has something to do with us. The problem being discussed now has something to do with
15、us.1.The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B. C., didnt include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing考点点拨考点点拨简析简析: 首先首先, 根据语法分析可知根据语法分析可知, 待选部分是待选部分是一个作定语、修饰一个作定语、修饰 The Olympic Games的的后置分词短语后置分词短语; 再根据再根据 The Olympic Games 对于动词对于动词 play 来说只能是被动承受来说只能是被动承受,
16、且已完且已完成成 (in 776 B. C.)。因此。因此, 该题应选该题应选C。2. Whats the language _ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 简析简析: 该题应选该题应选B。测试过去分词作后。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动置定语表达被动, 等于定语从句等于定语从句 which is spoken。3. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being inv
17、ited D. had been invited简析简析: 该题应选该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动定语表达被动, 等于定语从句等于定语从句who were invited。4. The computer centre, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 简析简析: 该题应选该题应选D。测试过去分词短语作。测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后定语放在所修饰的名词后, 可以用非限
18、可以用非限制性定语从句制性定语从句“which was opened last year”代替。代替。5. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 简析简析: 该题应选该题应选D。测试过去分词作后。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动置定语表达被动, 等于定语从句等于定语从句thatwere written。 PAST PART
19、ICIPLE AS _ Example: But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people. The little boy was very excited when he heard that he could go to the party.the Predicative1. 过去分去分词作表作表语,表示主,表示主语的特点或的特点或所所处的状的状态,其前的系,其前的系动词有包括有包括be 在内的多种形式。在内的多种形式。Everyone present was very inspired at his
20、speech听了他的听了他的发言,在言,在场的所有人都很振的所有人都很振奋。You seem frightened.你似乎受了惊吓。你似乎受了惊吓。 过去分去分词作表作表语,强调主主语的特点或的特点或所所处的状的状态;而被;而被动语态中,主中,主语是是动词所表示所表示动作的承受者。作的承受者。This shop is now closed这家商店家商店现在已在已经关关门了。了。(状状态) This shop is closed at 6 pm every day这家商店每天下午家商店每天下午6点关点关门。(动作作) 2. 过去分词作表语,构成的系表结构过去分词作表语,构成的系表结构 与被动语态
21、的区别:与被动语态的区别:过去分去分词作表作表语一般用来一般用来表示感受或状表示感受或状态(系(系动词+ +过去分去分词) ) No wonder he is excited! (predicative) 可以用作表语的常见的过去分词有:可以用作表语的常见的过去分词有:delighted, disappointed, upset, astonished, excited, frightened, experienced, interested, qualified, puzzled, exhausted, satisfiedPast Participle as _Example: After
22、the robbery, they found the front windows broken.(S=subject, P=predicate, O=object, Adv=adverbial)POAdvSObject ComplementObject Complement什么是宾语补足语?什么是宾语补足语?英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,才能使句子的意义完整。这类常用的才能使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有:及物动词有:make, consider, cause, see, find, ca
23、ll, get, have, let etc.We think him _.What he said made me _.We consider the answer _.Everyone calls him _.cleverangrycorrectTomChoose the correct words to complete the sentences below.宾语补足语的表现形式:宾语补足语的表现形式:带有宾语补足语的一般结构为:带有宾语补足语的一般结构为:+直接宾语直接宾语(名词或(名词或代词)代词)+宾语补足宾语补足语语某些及物动词某些及物动词(如(如make) 宾语补足语的宾语补
24、足语的10种表示法:种表示法:1. His father named him Jianguo. 2. They painted their house white.3. You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.4. Nobody noticed him enter the room.5. We saw her entering the room. (名词名词)(形容词形容词)(不定式不定式)(不定式短语不定式短语)(现在分词或其短语现在分词或其短语)6. We must get the work finished by 10 oclock.7
25、. We take English as a useful tool for research work.8. Whenever you may go, you will find him at work.9. Let the fresh air in.10. The plant has its own name. You cannot call it what you will. (过去分词过去分词)(用用as引出引出)(介词短语介词短语)(副词副词)(从句从句)作宾语补足语的过去分词一般来自作宾语补足语的过去分词一般来自及及物动词物动词, 表示表示被动和完成意义被动和完成意义, 说明宾说明
26、宾语所处的状态语所处的状态, 一般跟它前面的宾语在一般跟它前面的宾语在逻辑上构成主谓关系逻辑上构成主谓关系, 表被动表被动, 其结构其结构形式为形式为: 主语谓语动词宾语过去分词主语谓语动词宾语过去分词1. 过去分词用在表示状态的动词过去分词用在表示状态的动词keep, leave等的后面。等的后面。1 They kept the door locked for a long time. 2 Dont leave the windows broken like this all the time. 2. 过去分词用在使役动词过去分词用在使役动词have, make的的 后面。后面。A 注意注意
27、“have+ +宾语宾语+ +过去分词过去分词”的两种用法的两种用法:表示让某人做某事表示让某人做某事 如:如: 1 I have had my bike repaired. 2 The villagers had many trees planted just then.1 My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month.2 The old man had his wrist broken in the accident.表示表示“遭遇到某种不幸;受到打击遭遇到某种不幸;受到打击”等。等。B “make+ +宾语宾语+ +过
28、去分词过去分词”, ,在这种结构在这种结构 中,过去分词的动词必须是表示结果中,过去分词的动词必须是表示结果 含义的。含义的。1 I raised my voice to make myself heard.2 They managed to make themselves understood using very simple English.3. 过去分词用在感官动词过去分词用在感官动词WATCH, NOTICE, SEE, HEAR, LISTEN TO, FEEL, FIND等的后面。等的后面。 当我当我们到学校到学校时,我,我们看看见门锁着。着。When we got to the
29、 school, we saw the door locked.He found his house broken into when he got back home.回到家他发现家被盗。回到家他发现家被盗。4. 过去分词用在过去分词用在want, wish, like, expect, order等表示等表示“希望,愿望,命令希望,愿望,命令”这一这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语。类动词的后面作宾语补足语。The teacher wouldnt like the problem discussed at the moment.老师不想此刻讨论这个问题。老师不想此刻讨论这个问题。I want t
30、he suit made to his own measure.我想要这套衣服照他自己的尺寸做。我想要这套衣服照他自己的尺寸做。5. 过去分词用在过去分词用在“with+宾语宾语+宾补宾补”这一这一结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。With many brightly-coloured flowers planted around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden.周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花,他的房子看周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花,他的房子看上去就像一座漂亮的花园。上去就像一座漂亮的花
31、园。过去分词作状语过去分词作状语, 表示被动的动作或表示被动的动作或动作已经完成。过去分词通常可作动作已经完成。过去分词通常可作: 原因状语、时间状语、条件状语、原因状语、时间状语、条件状语、让步状语、伴随状语等。通常过去让步状语、伴随状语等。通常过去分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致。分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致。Past participle as the AdverbialWhen it is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.Seen from the hill时间状语可在过去分词前加上连词时间状语可在过去分词前加上连词whe
32、n, while, until等。等。Dont speak until you are spoken to.Dont speak until spoken to.1. 时间状语时间状语2. 原因状语原因状语Because the boy was greatly touched by his teachers words, he did a lot of things to help his classmates.Greatly touched by the teachers wordsAs he was surprised at what happened, Tom didnt know wh
33、at to do.Surprised at what happened3. 条件状语条件状语If we were given more time, we could do it much better.Given more timeIf it is heated to a high temperature, water will change into vapor.Heated to a high temperature4. 让步状语让步状语Though they had been warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in t
34、he fields.Though warned of the stormEven if Im invited, I wont take part in the party.Even if invited5. 方式、伴随状语方式、伴随状语The teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by a group of students.The teacher entered the classroom followed by a group of students.The teacher stood there and was surrou
35、nded by the students.The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students.前面我前面我们说过过去分去分词作状作状语时,其,其逻辑主主语与整个句子的主与整个句子的主语通常是一通常是一致的。致的。还有一种情况是分有一种情况是分词作状作状语时,其其逻辑主主语与整个句子的主与整个句子的主语不一致不一致,这时需要独立主格需要独立主格结构或构或 with 复合复合结构来替代。构来替代。(此此时, 也可把也可把该分分词看看成介成介词的的宾语补足足语。)例例: The murderer was brought in, with his h
36、ands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 简析简析: 很显然很显然, 待选部分的逻辑主语是待选部分的逻辑主语是 his hands, 而不是句子的主语而不是句子的主语 The murderer,而而 his hands 对于动词对于动词 tie来说来说, 只能是被只能是被动承受。因此动承受。因此, 该题应选该题应选D。 Exercises: (page 49)1. disappointed 2. puzzled3. excited4. interested 5. bored Answer
37、s to Part A:Answers to Part B:2. The problems created by cloning will soon be clear. 3. We dont want beasts produced by scientists to replace us one day.4. The technology used is amazing.5. The only thing needed is a cell from your old pet. Exercises: (Page 51)2. Encouraged by her teachers, Rose did
38、 well at school. 3. Inspired by his grandfather, the child wrote more poems.4. Bored with the game, the dog will not play it any more.Answers to Part AAnswers to Part B1. tired2. burnt 3. bored4. disappointing5. pleased6. challenging7. relaxedExercises1. _ is a good exercise for both the young and t
39、he old. A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk2. When and where to build the new power station _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decidedB A3. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _. A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it
40、 to D. for sending it to 4. Our father often told us in the past that _is believing. A. to see B. seeing C. see D. to be seen C B5. She pretended _the letter I wrote the day before yesterday.A. not to receive B. having not received C. not to hear from D. not receiving6. There was a terrible noise _t
41、he sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed D B7. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a rock by the side of the path.A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest8. People couldnt help _the funny villager.A. laugh at B. to laugh at C. laughin
42、g at D. laughing on CC9. I cant help _the house because Im busy making a cake.A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned10. They knew her very well. They had seen her_ up from childhood.A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to growA A11. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign l
43、anguage came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written12. Believe it or not, he was seen _ upstairs just now.A. to go B. to going C. having gone D. go D A13. It was so cold that they kept the fire _all night.A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned14. The
44、 salesman scolded the girl caught _ and let her off.A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealing C D15. He was disappointed to find his suggestion_.A. turning down B. turned down C. to be turned down D. to turn down16. To master a foreign language, _.A. a lot of practice is neededB. i
45、t needs a lot of practiceC. practice is in need of D. one needs a lot of practice B D17. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied18. Tom kept quiet about the accident _lose his job.A. not in order to B. so as not to C. in order
46、 to not D. not so as to D B19. The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president.A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing20. _more attention, the work would have been done better.A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having givenBA 21. _a reply, he decided to writ
47、e a sixth letter.A. Not receiving B. Not to receive C. Not having received D. Having not received22. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.A. to invent B. having invented C. to have invented D. inventing C C 23. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _.A. catching B. to be
48、 caught C. being caught D. to catch24. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking C A高考链接高考链接1.In the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art. A. To found B. Founding C. Founded D. Having founded 【2013安徽安徽】【
49、答案【答案】C C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句子主语【解析】考查非谓语动词。句子主语the the schoolschool与与foundfound之间为被动关系,故此处之间为被动关系,故此处使用过去分词使用过去分词foundedfounded表被动并表完成动作。表被动并表完成动作。2. There are some health problems that, when _ in time, can become bigger ones later on.A.not treated B. not being treated C. not to be treated D. not have bee
50、n treated 【2013浙江浙江】【答案【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词及状语从句的省略。【解析】考查非谓语动词及状语从句的省略。连词连词whenwhen之后为状语从句的省略,非谓语动之后为状语从句的省略,非谓语动词词treattreat的逻辑主语即为主句主语的逻辑主语即为主句主语health problemshealth problems,判断它们之间的关系为被动关系,即用过去分判断它们之间的关系为被动关系,即用过去分词即可。而词即可。而being donebeing done意为意为“正在被正在被”;to be doneto be done“将被将被”。3. In some lang
51、uages,100 words make up half of all words in daily conversations.A. using B. to use C. having used D. used 【2013天津天津】【答案【答案】D D【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词useuse在句中作在句中作wordswords的后置定语,与其存的后置定语,与其存 在被动关系,故使用过去分词在被动关系,故使用过去分词usedused,答,答案为案为D D。4. The witnesses by the police just now gave very
52、different descriptions of the fight. A. questioned B. being questioned C. to be questioned D. having questioned 【2013陕西陕西】【答案【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。首先判断此处需要一个非【解析】考查非谓语动词。首先判断此处需要一个非谓语动词作谓语动词作witnesseswitnesses的后置定语;且判断动词的后置定语;且判断动词questionquestion与与witnesseswitnesses间为被动关系;根据非谓语动词间为被动关系;根据非谓语动词短语中标志词短语中标
53、志词just nowjust now可知动作可知动作questionquestion已经完成。已经完成。故可选故可选A A。区别:。区别:donedone作后置定语意为作后置定语意为“已被已被的的”;being donebeing done作后置定语意为作后置定语意为“正被正被的的”;to be to be donedone作后置定语意为作后置定语意为“将被将被的的”。5.If _ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.A.asked B. to askC. asking D. having aske
54、d 【2013江西江西】【答案【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词及状语从句的省略。【解析】考查非谓语动词及状语从句的省略。状语从句连词状语从句连词ifif之后省去了从句的主语,即之后省去了从句的主语,即主句的主语;而主句为祈使句,默认主语为主句的主语;而主句为祈使句,默认主语为youyou;主语;主语youyou与动词与动词askask之间为被动关系,之间为被动关系,故使用过去分词。答案选故使用过去分词。答案选A A。6. When _ for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting a
55、nd rewarding. (2012安徽安徽) A. asking B. asked C. having asked D. to be asked7. Film has a much shorter history, especially when _ such art forms as music and painting. (2012全国全国) A. having compared to B. comparing to C. compare to D. compared to高考链接高考链接8. Time, _ correctly, is money in the bank. (2012
56、湖南湖南) A. to use B. used C. using D. use9. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _. (2012四四川川) A. washed B. wash C. washing D. to wash10. _ with care, one tin will last for six weeks. (2012北京北京) A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use11. After completing and signing it, please retu
57、rn the form to us in the envelope _. (2012山东山东) A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide 12. “Its such a nice place,” Mother said as she sat at the table _ for customers. (2012浙江浙江) A. to be reserved B. having reserved C. reserving D. reserved13. The island, _ to the mainland by a brid
58、ge, is easy to go to. (2011全全国国II) A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined14. _ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. (2011天津天津) A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated15. _ in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by m
59、any as the original fun park. (2011上海春上海春) A. Opened B. Having opened C. Opening D. Being opened16. Tsinghua University, _ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. (2011福建福建) A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded17. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _ for w
60、ords. (2011浙江浙江) A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost18. _ an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous. (2011四川四川) A. Offer B. Offering C. Offered D. To offer19. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ of his own dreams. (2011重庆重庆) A. remin
61、ding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind20. Claire had her luggage _ an hour before her plane left. (2011陕陕西西) A. check B. checking C. to check D. checked1. What he had said made me _ (surprise)2. My glasses are broken. Ill have to get them _. (repair)3. I dont want any bad words _ (say) about him be
62、hind his back.4. Please get the work _ (do) as soon as possible.5. Ill have the materials _ (send) to you next Monday morning.用所给单词的正确形式填空。用所给单词的正确形式填空。surprisedrepaired said done sent6. She wont have her long and beautiful hair _ (cut) short.7. You should make your voice _ (hear) when you give a speech.8. I want you to keep me _ (inform) of how things are going with you.9. The price is fine with me. How would you like it _ (pay)?10. At last I succeeded in making myself _ (understand). cut heard informed paid understoodRevise what we learned in this class and prepare for the task. Homework: