《电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况.ppt（137页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况Benjamin.CTWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况EV EV 系统概述系统概述EV 101EV 101EV EV 充电系统充电系统EV EV 动力电池系统动力电池系统Functional Safety
2、Functional Safety 在在 EV EV 系统扮演的角色系统扮演的角色结论结论议程大纲议程大纲2TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车系统电动车系统 = = 电动车电动车 + + 基础设施基础设施 EV 系统概述系统概述3TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车
3、充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车系统市场化驱动力电动车系统市场化驱动力4TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_electric_vehicleThe invention of the electric vehicle is a
4、ttributed to various people. In 1828, Anyos Jedlik, a Hungarian who invented an early type of electric motor, created a tiny model car powered by his new motor.1 In 1834, Vermont blacksmith Thomas Davenport, the inventor of the first American DC electrical motor, installed his motor in a small model
5、 car, which he operated on a short circular electrified track.2In 1835, Professor Sibrabdus Stratingh of Groningen, the Netherlands and his assistant Christoper Becker created a small-scale electrical car, powered by non-rechargeable primary cells.3电动车发展史电动车发展史 最早的电动车最早的电动车5TWS Confidential and Prop
6、rietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动火车电动火车(1838)(1838)充电式电动车充电式电动车(1865)(1865)100km/h100km/h的记录的记录(1899)(1899)其他里程碑其他里程碑http:/ their-really-any-new-ideas-1900-porsche-e/6TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电
7、池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况静音静音低速扭力低速扭力减少碳以及其他污染物排放减少碳以及其他污染物排放动力机构简化动力机构简化低化石燃料依赖性低化石燃料依赖性电动车的其他优势电动车的其他优势7TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况由动力来源区分由动力来源区分由动力规模区分由动力规模区分 电动车依
8、据动力来源种类分类电动车依据动力来源种类分类单一电源、单一充电模式单一电源、单一充电模式(BEV)(BEV)单一动力源、混合充电模式单一动力源、混合充电模式(HEV)(HEV)多动力来源多动力来源(PHEV) (PHEV) 轻型电动车轻型电动车电动车电动车8TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况USJapanEUChinaTaiwan全球试运行项目全球试运行项目9TWS Confide
9、ntial and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况The EV ProjectProject Get ReadySolar CityUShttp:/ Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况Small Network P
10、rojectChaDeMoJapanhttp:/ Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况FrenchItalyGermanySpian?Uk?EUEV Charging PlanEV Charging Planphttp:/jcwinnie.bix/wordpress/?p=5832E-MovingE-Movingphttp:/ BerlinE-Mobility Berlinphttp:/ h
11、ttp:/www.thegreencarwebsite.co.uk/blog/index/php/2010/04/07/spain-invests-590-million-into- electric-cars/12TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况ChinaTaiwanHKGreater China十城千辆十城千辆花卉博览会花卉博览会政府军队政府军队坪林、澎湖坪林、澎湖环保署电动
12、机车交换电池计划环保署电动机车交换电池计划中电中电13TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况Mitsubishi INissan LEAFFord TRANSIT connect electricTesla Roadster Sport 2.5TH!NK City2010年电动车款年电动车款http:/www.cardealermagazine.co.uk/publish/wp-con
13、tent/uploads/2010/03/citroen_c-zer_2.jpg14TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况Coda Automotive SedanTesla Motors model SFord Focus electricBMW ActiveE2011年的电动车款年的电动车款AAAACik/WnPvWhKNLc/s400Renault+EV+2009_Renualt
14、_Zoe.jpg15TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况Fial 500 minicaraudi e-tronHonda Fit EVAudi R8 EV2012年的电动车款年的电动车款16TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动
15、力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况Mercedes SLS E-Cell AMGVW Golf Blue-e-motionBMW i32013年的电动车款年的电动车款17TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况国际间已经逐渐开始投入电动车系统国际间已经逐渐开始投入电动车系统目前投入电动车系统的阵营主要为汽车制造商、大型锂电池目前投入电动车系统的阵营主要为汽车制造商、大
16、型锂电池制造商制造商电动车目前系统尚未统一，动力来源不同、补充动力方式也电动车目前系统尚未统一，动力来源不同、补充动力方式也尚未统一尚未统一Summary18TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车电动车101-101-电动车系统一重要数据电动车系统一重要数据19TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统
17、与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况一般道路车辆一般道路车辆跑车跑车石油车的一般表现要求石油车的一般表现要求加速性加速性加速加速续航力续航力100 liter fuel tank车重车重1000 kgp0100 km/h, 8 secondp1500 kgp300 km per refuel续航力续航力车重车重p0100 km/h, 3 second20TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充
18、电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况依据目前较为成熟的电动车技术，可以先从一般的房车要求下手，依据目前较为成熟的电动车技术，可以先从一般的房车要求下手，为了计算上的方便，我们利用下面的假设与简化、进行各项电动车为了计算上的方便，我们利用下面的假设与简化、进行各项电动车特性与要求的概略推算，并且不考虑转换效率、摩擦力、热损等因特性与要求的概略推算，并且不考虑转换效率、摩擦力、热损等因素素功能要求功能要求设计条件设计条件石油车与电动车的模拟关系与条件设定石油车与电动车的模拟关系与条件设定p 加速：加速：0108 km/h, 10 se
19、cond (跑车大多为跑车大多为6秒，赛车则是秒，赛车则是3秒秒)p 续航力：续航力：100 km per recharge (住家离公司住家离公司10公里，每周充电一次公里，每周充电一次)p 车重：车重：1,500 kg (电池是具备重量的电池是具备重量的)p 功率输出功率输出(影响加速影响加速)p 电池容量电池容量(影响续航力影响续航力)p 充电条件充电条件(影响使用便利性影响使用便利性)p 动转成本动转成本(影响市场驱动力影响市场驱动力)21TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车
20、充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况由加速要求推测加速度要求由加速要求推测加速度要求V = V0 + a * tV = V0 + a * t a=108km/h x 1,000m/km 10 second = 3m/s2由加速度与车重，推算推力要求由加速度与车重，推算推力要求假设以全力输出假设以全力输出1010秒钟，推算大约行走距离秒钟，推算大约行走距离在行走距离间所做的功在行走距离间所做的功由总功与总时间，推算平均功率由总功与总时间，推算平均功率功率要求推算功率要求推算F = m * a = 1,500 kg *3m/s2 =
21、 4,500 ntD = V0 *t + 1/2 *a *t2 = 0.5 * 3 * 102 = 105 mW = F * D = 4,500 * 150 = 675 KJP = W T = 675 10 s = 67.5 KW (90Hp)22TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况假设续航力是假设续航力是100km100km，在达到，在达到108km/h108km/h后等速前进的时
22、间后等速前进的时间如果只需要用马达全功率的如果只需要用马达全功率的1/21/2就可维持就可维持108km/h108km/h的定速，全程需要的定速，全程需要的总能量为的总能量为以市售高性能锂电池为例以市售高性能锂电池为例前例电动车需要的电池总量为前例电动车需要的电池总量为电池容量要求推算电池容量要求推算t = (100,000 m 150 m) 30m/s = 3,328 secondsW = 67.5KW * 10 second + 67.5kw * * 3,328 second = 112,995 KJ 113MJ ( http:/.tw/dscacc.asp?AID=3910 )p 输出电
23、压为输出电压为6.8Vp 容量为容量为3900mAhp 重量为重量为195gp 113 * 1,000,000 J ( 6.8V * 3900 mA * 0.001 * 3600 sec ) * 195 g = 230 Kg! ( 续航力或是马力要提高，电池会更重续航力或是马力要提高，电池会更重! )23TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况如果电能容量为如果电能容量为113MJ113
24、MJ，针对理想电池，针对理想电池( (线性充电线性充电) )的充电的条件将会是的充电的条件将会是充电条件推算充电条件推算如果采用的是家中一般插座的电源（如果采用的是家中一般插座的电源（110V15A ）时）时如果采用一般工厂的三相电源如果采用一般工厂的三相电源 （380V 30A）p I = 113MJ 600V 600 second = 314A!p 功率功率W = I * V = 188.4KWp W = I * V * tp t = 113MJ 10V 15A = 68,485 sec 19 hours! ( 太慢了太慢了 )p t = 113MJ 380V 30A = 68,485 s
25、ec 2.75 housrs! ( 仍然很长仍然很长! )假设利用住宅区的基础线路假设利用住宅区的基础线路(600V)，而且充电时间要在，而且充电时间要在10分钟内分钟内 （一杯咖啡）完成时，需要多少电流？（一杯咖啡）完成时，需要多少电流？ 一般的标准工业厂房（一般的标准工业厂房（100m2）配电功率仅为）配电功率仅为11.25KW，所以在充电的时候相当于，所以在充电的时候相当于17间标准间标准 厂房要停电厂房要停电10分钟！分钟！24TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动
26、力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况以行走以行走100KM100KM进行计算进行计算锂电池式电动车运转电力成本粗估锂电池式电动车运转电力成本粗估一般汽油车市区行驶一般汽油车市区行驶p电价：电价：1度（度（1KWh）: USD10 cnetp$ = 113MJ 1 KW 3600 sec * 10 cent USD 3 ! !p 效率：效率：10 km/literp油价：油价：USD1/literp$ = 100 / 10 *1 = USD 10前例电动车行驶模式前例电动车行驶模式 实际情况必须视电力转换效率而变化实际情况必须视电力转换效率而
27、变化25TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况一般的所谓安全电流、电压、功率范围（一般的所谓安全电流、电压、功率范围（Nou-hazardous,ClassNou-hazardous,Class II) II)的定义是的定义是所以上述的任何一种充电条件都不可能是安全无虞的！所以上述的任何一种充电条件都不可能是安全无虞的！充电系统的绝缘安全性问题充电系统的绝缘安全性问题30VDC max
28、imum，8A maximum and 100W maximum ! !26TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况仅就传导线在进行仅就传导线在进行1010分钟快速充电时会产生的热进行考量分钟快速充电时会产生的热进行考量充电系统发热问题的产生充电系统发热问题的产生 文献记载铜导体的体积电阻率为文献记载铜导体的体积电阻率为16.78nmp 铜线电阻为铜线电阻为p 通电通电300A后后10分
29、钟将会产生热量为分钟将会产生热量为p 如果采用如果采用PVC作为绝缘外被，假设导热的厚度仅有作为绝缘外被，假设导热的厚度仅有0.2cm，比重大约为，比重大约为1 如果将上例中的导体长度维持不变，但是导体直径变为一半时（节省成本），如果将上例中的导体长度维持不变，但是导体直径变为一半时（节省成本），PVC导热厚度导热厚度 不变不变p 依据奥姆定律，产生热量为依据奥姆定律，产生热量为4倍，导热材料质量变为倍，导热材料质量变为1/3，温度上升量将可以达到，温度上升量将可以达到12倍（倍（ 80 ），），PVC将会产生熔化的情况将会产生熔化的情况! ! 16.78 nm * 10-9 *2 m (0.
30、01 m * 0.01 m * 3.14 4) 0.004275 W = I2 * R = 300 A * 300 A * 0.004275 400 joule 绝缘外被导热区热质量为绝缘外被导热区热质量为 ( 1.2 cm * 1.2 cm 1 cm * 1 cm ) * 3.14 4 * 200 cm 70 g PVC的比热约为的比热约为0.9J/g*K，所以，所以400J的热可以让的热可以让PVC导热区上升导热区上升400 joule 0.9J/Gk 6.5（还算可以接受（还算可以接受! !）27TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal U
31、se Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车辆的重要电气零组件（例）电动车辆的重要电气零组件（例）1.马达控制器与车用变频器马达控制器与车用变频器2.高电压空调控制器高电压空调控制器3.马达马达4.水泵水泵5.变频器变频器6.齿轮箱齿轮箱7.模式调变器模式调变器8.真空泵真空泵9.高电压冷热媒控制器高电压冷热媒控制器10.车辆控制器车辆控制器11.电池组电池组12.AC充电器充电器28TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal U
32、se Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况充电器充电器车外充电器车外充电器电力输出插座电力输出插座充电连接线组充电连接线组充电系统漏电断路器充电系统漏电断路器充电连接线材充电连接线材电表电表电动车基础设施电动车基础设施 - 充电系统充电系统http:/www.greencarsite.co.uk/econews/electric-vehicle-charging-sations.htm29TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal U
33、se Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况接地系统电阻与允许电流接地系统电阻与允许电流危险区域内产生的接触或是非接触性的电弧危险区域内产生的接触或是非接触性的电弧突波、雷击突波、雷击室外、污染环境室外、污染环境电磁兼容电磁兼容震动震动温差变化大温差变化大控制系统稳定性控制系统稳定性其他可见的电动车安全性问题其他可见的电动车安全性问题30TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动
34、车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况UL与与IEC在电动车系统现行标准对照表在电动车系统现行标准对照表31TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况2011新标准制定活动新标准制定活动32TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规
35、范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车的电池重量与续航力的设定有关电动车的电池重量与续航力的设定有关电动车的充电速率会影响到充电系统的设计电动车的充电速率会影响到充电系统的设计电动车在能源价格上确实有优势电动车在能源价格上确实有优势电动车也存在本质上的安全问题电动车也存在本质上的安全问题结论结论33TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动
36、车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车基础设施电动车基础设施34TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况充电式充电式 更换式（更换式（SwappingSwapping）添加式添加式电动车基础设施依据动力补充模式分类电动车基础设施依据动力补充模式分类传导式（传导式（Conductive）感应式（感应式（Inductive）Better Place燃料电池燃料电池油电混合动力油电混合动力35
37、TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电力源电力源电动车充电电力来源分类电动车充电电力来源分类铅蓄电池铅蓄电池镍氢电池镍氢电池锂电池锂电池燃料电池燃料电池超级电容超级电容化石燃料化石燃料太阳能太阳能风力风力http:/ solar-powered-electric-car-would-it-work36TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Intern
38、al Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况充电模式充电模式传导式充电模式分级传导式充电模式分级传导式传导式p Level 1p Level 2p DCp Level 3充电等级标准输出电压（Volts）最大连续输出电流（Amps）断路器 额定电流（Amps）AC level 1120 vac , 单相12 A15 A (minimum)AC level 2208 to 240 vac , 单相32 A40 ADC Charging600 vdc max400 A maxA
39、s required37TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magne_Charge_ChargeInductive charging system used to charge battery electric vehicles (BEV) formerly made by General Motors, for vehicl
40、es such as the EV1, Chevy S10 EV, and other electric vehicles.The most common was the 6.6 kW version although a higher power fast charge versions was demonstrated.Magne Charge support was withdrawn by General Motors in 2002, after the California Air Resources Board settled on a conductive charging i
41、nterface for electric vehicles in California.感应式充电感应式充电Magne ChargeDelco Electronics38TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况http:/ Auto und Verkehr (IAV)KAIST, Online Electric Vehicle (OLEV)行进感应充电行进感应充电39TWS Confi
42、dential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况http:/www.greenmotor.co.uk/2007/12/mercedes-battery-swapping-is-so-last.htmlIn 1972, Mercedes built an electrically powered people carrier called the LE 306. Its 31kW (42hp) motor coul
43、d zip it along at 70km/h (44mph), with a range of 65 km (40 miles).电池交换概念的滥觞电池交换概念的滥觞 - Mercedes40TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况http:/ Better Place41TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车
44、充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况加凡尼加凡尼( Galvanic )( Galvanic )电池电池 VS VS 燃料电池燃料电池锂电池锂电池 VS VS 镍电池镍电池高功率高功率 VS VS 高能量密度高能量密度交换式交换式 VS VS 充电式？充电式？传导充电式传导充电式 VS VS 感应充电式？感应充电式？不同充电模式的优缺点比较？不同充电模式的优缺点比较？42TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动
45、力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况UL在在EV基础设施的安规标准与测试方法摘录基础设施的安规标准与测试方法摘录43TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况再生能源并网再生能源并网 AC 充电模式标准分布图充电模式标准分布图Energy GeneratorUL 1703 Flat PVUL 8703
46、 cpvUL 6141 Large WTUL 6142 S&m WTInverter/ConverterUL 1741 for PVUL 6171 for WTGridConnectionNECControlsUL 508 ICEUL 991 PLCUL 1998 SoftwareUL 60730 ModulePersonnelProtectionSystemsUL 2231I.T.AccessoriesUL 60950MeterUL 61010-1MeasurementUL 2735 MeterACChargingStationUL 2594Plugs,Receptacles,&Couple
47、rUL 2251EV44TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况再生能源直接充电模式标准分布图再生能源直接充电模式标准分布图Energy GeneratorUL 1703 Flat PVUL 6141 large WTUL 6142 S&M WT ConverterUL 1741 for PVUL 6171 for WTEnergyStorageFuel Cell StackLarge
48、Batteries PackControl PanelUL 508 ICEUL 991 PLCUL 1998 SoftwareUL 60730 ModulePersonnelProtectionSystemsUL 2231I.T.AccessoriesUL 60950MeterUL 61010-1MeasurementUL 2735 MeterDCChargingStationUL 2594/UL 2202Plugs,Receptacles,&CouplerUL 2251EVConverterUL 174145TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Intern
49、al Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况标准发展时间表标准发展时间表46TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况UL 2202标准标准-电动车电动车DC充电设备充电设备 This category covers conductive and inductive c
50、harging system equipment, intended for use with electric vehicle. Off-board equipment is intended for indoor or indoor use, raded 600 V or less and is intended to be connected to the vehicle by means of a flexible cord and an electric vehicle connector.47TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal
51、Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况 48 Leakage Current Test 49 Leakage Current Test 50 Power Input Tst 51 Temperature Test 52 Dielectric Voltage-Withstand Test 53 Volt-Ampere Capacity Measurement 54 Abnormal Tests 55 Flanged Bobbin Transformer Abnormal Te
52、st 56 Strain Relief and Flexing Tests 57 Grounding Impedance Test 58 Overcurrent Protection calibration Test 59 Strength of Terminal Insulating Base and support Test 60 Bonding Conductor Test 61 Impact on Glass Covered Openings 62 Evaluation of Reduced Spacings on Printed-Wiring Boards 63 Heat Sink
53、Temperature Cycling Test 34 Tests for Permanence of Cord Tag 65 Tests on Transformer Insulating Materials 66 Bus Bar Tests 67 Harmonic Distortion TestUL 2202 测试项目测试项目 52.2 Maximum-Voltage-Withstand Test 52.3 AC and DC power circuits 52.4 Secondary circuits52.5 Induced potential 54.2 Transformer burn
54、out test 54.3Transformer overload test 54.4 Short circuit test 54.5 Overcharge test 54.6 Capacitor fault test54.7 Forced ventilation test54.8 Component short-and open-circuit test54.9 Electrilytic capacitor fualt test54.10 Vibration test 56.1 Strain relief 56.2 flexing 64.2 Shorted trace test 64.2 T
55、est conditions 64.3 Test method48TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况UL 2594标准标准-电动车电动车AC充电设备充电设备 1.1 This outline covers electric vehicle (EV) supply equipment. Rated a maximum of 250 V ac, with a frequency of
56、60 Hz, and intended to provide power to an electric vehicle with an on-board charging unit. This outline covers electric vehicle supply equipment intended for use where ventilation is not required.1.2 With reference to 1.1, the products covered by this outline include EV cord sets and EV charging st
57、ations. EV cord sets may be designated as portable cord sets or stationary cord sets and by designated for indoor or otdoor use. EV charging stations may be designated as either movable or permanent charging stations and may by designated for indoor or oudoor use.1.3 The products covered by this out
58、line are intended for use in accordance with the National Electrical Code (NEC), ANSI/NFPA 70.1.5 With reference to 1.2, this outline does not cover electric vehicle charging units.49TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力
59、电池安全规范现况 44 Leakage Current Test 45 Leakage Current Test Following Humidity Conditioning 46 Input Test 47 Temperature Test 48 Capacitor Discharge Test 49 Dielectric Voltage Withstand Test 50 Abnormal Tests 51 Flanged Bobbin Transformer Abnormal Test 52 Strain Relief TestsUL 2594 安规测试项目安规测试项目 49.2 Ma
60、ximum voltage measurements 49.3 AC and DC power circuits (primary) 49.4 Secondary circuits49.5 Induced potential 50.2 Transformer burnout test 50.3 Transformer overload test 50.4 Short circuit test 50.5 Capacitor fault test 50.6 Forced Ventilation test 50.7 Component fault tests 50.8 Electrolytic ca
61、pacitor fault test 50.9 Vibration test 52.2 Pull strain relief test 52.3 Push back strain relief test50TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况 53 EV Cable Secureness Test 54.1 Grounding Tests 55 impact Test 56 Vehi
62、cle Drive Over Test 57 Drop Test 58 Strength of terminal Insulating Base and Support 59 Impact on Glass Covers 60 Bonding Conductor Tests 61 Evaluation of Reduced Spacings on Printed Wiring Boards 62 Mounting Means Test 63 Strength of Handles 64 Mold Stress Test 65 Environmental TestsContd 60.2 Curr
63、ent test 60.3 Limited short circuit test 65.2 Drip test 65.3 Dust test 65.4 Indoor setting dust test 65.5 Indoor circulating dust test 65.6 Extemal icing test 65.7 Hosedown test65.8 Indoor corrosion protection 54.1 Ground impedance tests 54.2 Ground continuity test51TWS Confidential and ProprietaryF
64、or Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况 66 Tests for Permanence of Cord Tags 67 tests on Transformer Insulating Materials 68 Harmonic Distortion 69 Metallic Coating Thickness Test 70 Comparative Tracking Index Test 71 Glow Wire test 72 High Curren
65、t Atc resistance to Ignition Test 73 Overcurrent Protection Calibration TestContd 65.9 Outdoor corrosion protection 65.10 Additional corrosion protection 65.11 Submersion test 65.12 Pressure test 65.13 Gasket test 65.14 Water exposure test 65.15 UV exposure 65.46 Chemical exposure52TWS Confidential
66、and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况UL 2231-1,2.标准标准-电动车充电系统个人防护设备电动车充电系统个人防护设备 This category covers ground-fault protective devices, such as charging circuit interrupting devices and isolation monitor/interrupters, intended for
67、 use with electric vehicle charging systems. A charging circuit interrupting device is one whose function is to detect ground fault current or other conditions that may be hazardous and cause interruption of the electric circuit to the charging system or the vehicle when a fault occurs. It may also
68、function under other hazardous conditions, such as when an open-ground is detected.53TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况UL 62标准标准-电动车用电线电缆电动车用电线电缆 This category covers electric vehicle cable Listed for use in a
69、ccordance with Article 400 of the NEC. The insulation and jacket are of thermoset material for Types EVJ and EV, thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) for Types EVJT and EVT. The cable is used to supply power, signal, and control to electric vehicles during the charging process. Electric vehicle cable emplo
70、ys stranded copper conductors in a size range of 18 AWG to 500 kcmil.54TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况pUL 2251pUL 2580pUL 2271pUL 2231-1and -2已知标准内对聚合物认证的安规要求已知标准内对聚合物认证的安规要求 Insulating Materials (Sec 8) No
71、nmetallic Enclosures (Par 10.3) Perfomance Tests (secs 24 - 29) Electrical Flammability Thermal Properties Outdoor Use Gaskets and Seals Thermal Properties Outdoor Use Gaskets and Seals 目前尚未有特殊相关要求目前尚未有特殊相关要求55TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电
72、动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况AEROVIRONMENT INCEBUS INCELECTRIC TRANSPORTATION NEGINEERINGTOYOTA INDUSTRIES CORP目前全球取得目前全球取得UL认可制造商认可制造商(2011/Feb.) - UL 2202 (电池充电器电池充电器)FFTG.E189046FFTG.E249593FFTG.E175032FFTG.E17604156TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充
73、电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况PANASONIC CORPORATIONDIPL-ING W BENDER GMBH & CO KGTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH CORP目前全球取得目前全球取得UL认可制造商认可制造商 (2011/Feb.) FFUQ2/FFQU2.E333831FFUQ2.E193871FFUQ2.E174400 - UL 2231 (人员电击保护设备人员电击保护设备) 57TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与
74、动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况AVCON CORPBMW OF NORTH AMERICA L L CDELPHI CORPITT CORP BIW CONNECTOR SYSTEMSITT VEAM L L CREMA USA L L CYAZAKI PARTS CO LTD目前全球取得目前全球取得UL认可制造商认可制造商 (2011/Feb.) FFV12.E176673 - UL 2251 (充电接口连接充电接口连接) FFV12.E324315 FFV12.E337206 FFV12.E2
75、31479 FFV12.E330790 FFV12.E338388 FFV12.E17648858TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况pAEROVIRONMENT INCpAVCON CORPpCLIPPERCREEK INCpCLIPPERCREEK INCpCOULOMB TECHNOLOGIES INCpELECTRIC TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING C
76、ORPpGENERAL ELECTRIC COpLEVITON MFG CO INCpPANASONIC CORPORATIONpPANASONIC ELECTRIC WORKS CO LTDpSCHNEIDER ELECTRIC USA INCpSIEMENS ENERGY INC目前全球取得目前全球取得UL认可制造商认可制造商 (2011/Apr.) - UL 2594 (AC充电设备充电设备) FFWA.E336193 FFWA.E194089 FFWA.E325742 FFWA.E162210 FFWA.E341977 FFWA.E328478 FFWA.E338793 FFWA.E3
77、36847 FFWA.E336867 FFWA.E319488 FFWA.E338176 FFWA.E34145659TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况pBELDEN WIRE & CABLE COpCOLEMAN CABLE INCpDONGGUAN NISTAR TRANSMITTINGpDRAKA CABLETEQ USA INCpDYDEN CORP SAGA PLANTp
78、FUJI ELECTRIC WIRE CO LTDpGENERAL CABLE INDUSRIES L L CpLAKE CABLE L L CpNICHGOH COMMUNICATION ELECTRIC WIREpNORTHWIRE INCpPHILATRON INTERNATIONALpPRESTRLITE WIRE CORPpSOUTHWIRE COpTYCO ELECTRONICS/MADISON CABLEpWELL SHIN TECHNOLOGY CO LTDpYAZAKI ELECTRIC WIRE CO LTD目前全球取得目前全球取得UL认可制造商认可制造商 (2011/Fe
79、b.) - UL 62内内EV Cables FFSO.E324273 FFSO.E312819 FFSO.E341742 FFSO.E338008 FFSO.E338734 FFSO.E333751 FFSO.E333326 FFSO.E344857 FFSO.E324180 FFSO.E334551 FFSO.E325807 FFSO.E313310 FFSO.E339497 FFSO.E345037 FFSO.E337756 FFSO.E31261460TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规
80、范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况其他其他EV 基础设施的全球标准化现况基础设施的全球标准化现况 61TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况ISO 8713 Electric road vehicle Vocabulary-2nd EditionISO 8714 Electric road vehicle
81、Reference energy consumption and range Test procedures for passenger cars and light commercial vehiclesISO 8715 Electric Road Operating Characteristics-1st EditionISO 6469.1 Electrically propelled road vehicles Safety specifications Part 1:On-board rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) 2nd Editi
82、onISO 6469.2 Electrically propelled road vehicles Safety specifications Part 2:Vehicle operational safety means and protection against failures 2nd EditionISO 6469.3 Electric road vehicle Safety specifications Part 3:Protection of persons against electric hazards 1st EditionISO的电动车相关标准的电动车相关标准62TWS
83、Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况美国电工法规美国电工法规NFPA 70 (NEC) 2009 ARTICLE 625ARTICLE 625Electric vehicle Charging System1.General625.1 Scope. The provisions of this article cover the electricalconductors and equipm
84、ent external to an electric vehicle thatconnect an electric vehicle to a supply of electricity by conductiveor inductive means, and the installation of equipment and devicesrelated to electric vehicle charging.63TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现
85、况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况NFPA 70 充电站设置地点充电站设置地点(车库车库) pWhere Class I liquids or gaseous fuels are stored, handled. Or transferred, electrical wiring and electrical utilization equipment shall be designed in accordance with the requirements for Class I, Division 1 or 2 hazardous (classifi
86、ed) locations as classified in accordance with 500.5 and 500.6, and this article. A Class I location shall not extend beyond an unpierced wall. Or other solid partition that has no openings.p(A) Parking Garages.p(B) Repair Garages, With Dispensing. ARTICLE 511 Commercial Garages, Repair and Storage5
87、11.3 Area Classification, General. Parking garages used for parking or storage shall be permitted to be unclassified. Major and minor repair garages that dispense motor fuels into the fuel tanks of vehicles, including flammable liquids having a flash point below 38(100) such as gasoline, or gaseous
88、fuels such as natural gas, hydrogen, or LPG, shall have the dispensing functions classification required by this section. Where Class I liquids, other than fuels, are dispensed, the area within 900 mm (3 ft) of any fill or dispensing point, extending in all directions, shall be a Class I, Division l
89、ocation. Where flammable liquids having a flash point below 38(100) such as gasoline, or gaseous fuels such as natural gas, hydrogen, or LPG, will not be dispensed, but repair activities that involve the transfer of such lluids or gases are performed, the classification rules in (1), (2), (3) shall
90、apply.p(C) Major Repair Garages.64TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况511.10 Special Equipment (A) Battery Charging Equipment.Battery chargers and their control equipment, and batteries being charged, shall not
91、be located within locations classified in 511.3. (B) Electric Vehicle Charging Equipment.(1) General. All electrical equipment and wiring shall be installed in accordance with Article 625, except as noted in 511.10(B)(2) and (B)(3). Flexible cords shall be of a type identified for extra-hard usage.(
92、2) Connector Location. No connector shall be located within a Class I location as defined in 511.3(3) Plug Connections to Vehicles. Where the cord is suspended from overhead, it shall be arranged so tat the lowest point of sag is at least 150 mm (6 in.) above the floor. Where an automatic arrangemen
93、t is provided to pull both cord and plug beyond the range of physical damage, no additional connector shall be required in the cable or at the outlet.65TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况漏电断路器漏电断路器 511.12 Groun
94、d-Fault Circuit-Interrupter Protection for Personnel.All 125-volt, single-phase, 15-and 20-ampere receptacles installed in areas where electrical diagnostic equipment, electrical hand tools, or portable lighting equipment are to be used shall have ground-fault circuit interrupter protection personne
95、l.66TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况NFPA 70 充电站设置地点充电站设置地点(油库油库) ARTICLE 514 Motor Fuel Dispensing Facilities(A) Unclassified Locations. Where the authority having jurisdiction can satisfactorily determine t
96、hat flammable liquids having a flash point below 38(100) , such as gasoline, will not be handled, such location shall not be required to be classified.(B) Classified Locations. (1) Class I Locations. Compressed Natural Gas, Liquefied Natural Gas, and Liquefied Petroleum Gas Areas. Table 514.3(B) (1)
97、 shall be applied where Class I liquids are stored, handled, or dispensed and shall be used to delineate and classify motor fuel dispensing used for the purpose of delineating and classifying aboveground tanks. A Class I location shall not extend beyond an unpierced wall, roof, or other solid partit
98、ion.30A:8.1, 8.367TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况Contd 514.4 wiring and Equipment Installed in Class I Locations. All electrical equipment and wiring installed in Class I locations as classified in 514.3 sh
99、all comply with the applicable provisions of Article 501. - Exception: As permitted in 514.8.514.7 Wiring and Equipment Above the Class I Locations. Wiring and equipment above the Class locations as classified in 514.3 shall comply with 511.7.514.16 Grounding and Bonding. All metal raceways, the met
100、al armor or metallic sheath on cables, and all non-current-carrying metal parts of fixed portable electrical equipment, regardless of voltage, shall be grounded and bonded. Grounding and bonding in Class I locations shall comply with 501.30.68TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充
101、电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车基础设施牵涉标准繁多电动车基础设施牵涉标准繁多电动车基础设施投入厂商日渐增多电动车基础设施投入厂商日渐增多快速充电不仅对电池是挑战，对充电设施更是挑战快速充电不仅对电池是挑战，对充电设施更是挑战电动车基础设施的设立也受到电工法规的要求电动车基础设施的设立也受到电工法规的要求结论结论69TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规
102、范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车动力电池电动车动力电池70TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况UL 1642 Lithium BatteriesUL 1989 Standby BatteriesUL 2054 Household and Commercial BatteriesUL 2591 Outline for Battery
103、SeparatorsUL 2575 Subject 2575 Lithium 1on Battery Systems for Power Tools and Other AppliancesUL 电池标准发展史电池标准发展史71TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况锂电池锂电池锂离子电池锂离子电池锂离子聚合物电池锂离子聚合物电池锂离子电池种类锂离子电池种类72TWS Confident
104、ial and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况典型的充放电特性曲线典型的充放电特性曲线http:/libattery Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况因为电池本身有内电阻，所以电池充电时会发热，放电时也会发热因
105、为电池本身有内电阻，所以电池充电时会发热，放电时也会发热电池的充放电就像人吃饭一样电池的充放电就像人吃饭一样电池本身的充放电安全性电池本身的充放电安全性 剩余电量少的时候，充得快，快满的时候充的速度就慢了。剩余电量少的时候，充得快，快满的时候充的速度就慢了。充电过度时会有爆炸的危险，放电过度，电池会有报废的危险。充电过度时会有爆炸的危险，放电过度，电池会有报废的危险。工作电流大时，放电速度快，工作电流小时，放电速度慢。工作电流大时，放电速度快，工作电流小时，放电速度慢。工作环境温度也会影响充放电的特性。充放电残余次数也与过去的充放电历史有关。工作环境温度也会影响充放电的特性。充放电残余次数也与
106、过去的充放电历史有关。良好的充放电，有赖于对电池充放电模式的掌握，以及对剩余电量的精确评估（精准的量良好的充放电，有赖于对电池充放电模式的掌握，以及对剩余电量的精确评估（精准的量 测电压与电流与工作环境温度）。测电压与电流与工作环境温度）。74TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况一般锂离子电池芯结构一般锂离子电池芯结构75TWS Confidential and Proprietar
107、yFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况锂是化学周期表上直径最小也最活泼的金属。体积小所以容量密度锂是化学周期表上直径最小也最活泼的金属。体积小所以容量密度高，广受消费者与工程师欢迎。高，广受消费者与工程师欢迎。锂化学特性太活泼，则带来了极高的危险性。锂金属暴露在空气中锂化学特性太活泼，则带来了极高的危险性。锂金属暴露在空气中时，会与氧气产生激烈的氧化反应而爆炸。时，会与氧气产生激烈的氧化反应而爆炸。为了提升安全性及电压，科学家们发明了用石墨及钴酸
108、锂等材料一为了提升安全性及电压，科学家们发明了用石墨及钴酸锂等材料一储存锂原子。这些材料的分子结构，形成了奈米等级的细小单元格储存锂原子。这些材料的分子结构，形成了奈米等级的细小单元格子，可用来储存锂帮子。这样一来，即使是电池外壳破裂，氧气地子，可用来储存锂帮子。这样一来，即使是电池外壳破裂，氧气地入，也会因氧分子太大，进不了这些细小的单元格，使得锂原子不入，也会因氧分子太大，进不了这些细小的单元格，使得锂原子不会与氧气接触而避免爆炸。锂离子电池的这种原理，使得人们在获会与氧气接触而避免爆炸。锂离子电池的这种原理，使得人们在获得它高容量密度的同时，也达到安全的目的。得它高容量密度的同时，也达到
109、安全的目的。锂金属电池锂金属电池VS锂离子电池锂离子电池76TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况锂镍钴电池锂镍钴电池锂锰电池锂锰电池(CR123A (CR123A 伏特锂锰电池伏特锂锰电池) )锂镍电池锂镍电池磷酸锂铁电池磷酸锂铁电池锂金属电池正极材料分类与安全关联性锂金属电池正极材料分类与安全关联性锂镍钴电池是锂镍电池和锂钴电池的固溶体（综合体），兼具锂镍和锂钴的优点，一度被产业界
110、认为是最锂镍钴电池是锂镍电池和锂钴电池的固溶体（综合体），兼具锂镍和锂钴的优点，一度被产业界认为是最 有取代锂钴电池的新正极材料，但钴正极电池在放电的过程中往往会形成金属锂。因为金属具有易烯的特有取代锂钴电池的新正极材料，但钴正极电池在放电的过程中往往会形成金属锂。因为金属具有易烯的特 性，如果安全措施失效时，金属锂往往引发燃烧，所以安全性还是无法有更大突破。性，如果安全措施失效时，金属锂往往引发燃烧，所以安全性还是无法有更大突破。锂锰电池锂锰电池Li-MnO2(Li-Mn,“CR”)的成本低而且安全性比锂钴好很多，但循环寿命欠佳，且高温环境的的成本低而且安全性比锂钴好很多，但循环寿命欠佳，且
111、高温环境的 循环寿命更差，高温时甚至会出现锰离子溶出的现象，高温造成自放电严重，以致储能特性差。循环寿命更差，高温时甚至会出现锰离子溶出的现象，高温造成自放电严重，以致储能特性差。锂镍电池的成本较低且电容量较高，不过，制作过程困难且材料性能的一致生和再现性差，最严重的是依锂镍电池的成本较低且电容量较高，不过，制作过程困难且材料性能的一致生和再现性差，最严重的是依 然有安全性问题。然有安全性问题。则同时拥有锂钴、锂镍和锂锰的主要优点，但不含钴等贵重元素，原料价格低且磷、锂、铁存在于地球的则同时拥有锂钴、锂镍和锂锰的主要优点，但不含钴等贵重元素，原料价格低且磷、锂、铁存在于地球的 资源含量丰富，不
112、会有供料问题，而且，工作电压适中资源含量丰富，不会有供料问题，而且，工作电压适中(3.2V)、电容量大、电容量大(170mAh/g)、高放电功率、可快、高放电功率、可快 速充电且循环寿命长，在高温与高热环境下的稳定性高，是目前产业界认为较符合环保、安全和高性能要速充电且循环寿命长，在高温与高热环境下的稳定性高，是目前产业界认为较符合环保、安全和高性能要 求的锂离子电池。求的锂离子电池。77TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规
113、范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况FAA的锂离子电池与锂聚合物电池的易燃性试验的锂离子电池与锂聚合物电池的易燃性试验DOT/FAA/AR-09/55 January 2010 Final ReportBattery Cell 1Battery Cell 2Battery Cell 3Battery typeCylindrical Li-ionCylindrical Li-ionLi-ion PolymerBattery size18650266503 1/2x 4x 1/4ChemistryLithium Iron PhosphateLithium Iron PhosphateLith
114、ium Cobalt DioxideCapacity(mAh)11502300800Nominal voltage3.33.33.7Charge voltage3.853.64.2Figure 1. Battery Cells Used in the Tests (a) 18650, (b) 26650, and (c) Li-Po Cell78TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况四
115、电池芯测试结果四电池芯测试结果Table 3. Fire Exposure Test Result-Four CellsBattery Cell TypeApproximate Time to First Event (min)Peak Temperature ()Approximate Time to Reach Peak Temperature (min)Fire Duration (min)10.755601.54.522.007002.004.530.759001.001.7579TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only
116、电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况八电池芯测试结果八电池芯测试结果Table 4. Fire Exposure Test Result-Eight CellsBattery Cell TypeApproximate Time to First Event (min)Peak Temperature ()Approximate Time to Reach Peak Temperature (min)Fire Duration (min)11.005452.005.2522.505802.
117、503.2530.757501.002.2580TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况内短路的失效分析内短路的失效分析DendriteUnsafe DesignSevere EnvironmentProcess IssuesMechanical AbuseInternalShort-CircuitOverchargeDropCrushImpactShock/VibrationConta
118、minationBurrsTab/electrode misalignmentOther (e.g, bad welding, loose metal part)Abnormal TemperatureAbnormal PressureOver-designImproper SeparatorMaterial PropertiesImbalance81TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范
119、现况电池芯的爆炸电池芯的爆炸82TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况UL 1642电池芯测试电池芯测试 10 Short-Circuit Test11 Abnormal Charging Test12 Forced-Discharge Test13 Crush Test14 Impact Test15 Shock Test16 Vibration Test17 Heating Tes
120、t18 Temperature Cycling Test19 Low Pressure (Altitude Simulation)20 Projectile Testsp ELECTRICAL TESTSp MECHANICAL TESTSp ENVIRONMENTAL TESTSp FIRE EXPOSURE TEST83TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况小型串联电池组的爆炸小型
121、串联电池组的爆炸84TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况UL 2054小型电池模型块测试小型电池模型块测试 9 Short-Circuit Test10 Abnormal Charging Test11 Abusive Overcharge Test12 Forced-Discharge Test13 Limited Power Source Test13A Battery Pack
122、 Component Temperature Test13B Battery Pack Surface Temperature Test14 Crush Test15 Impact Test16 Shock Test17 Vibration Test19 250 N Steady Force Test20 Mold Stress Relief Test21 Drop Impact Test22 Projectile Test23 Heating Test24 Temperature Cycling Testp ELECTRICAL TESTSp MECHANICAL TESTSp BATTER
123、Y ENCLOSURE TESTSp FIRE EXPOSURE TESTp ENVIRONMENTAL TESTS85TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况车用电池组的爆炸车用电池组的爆炸86TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与
124、动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况车用电池组在完全没通电与碰撞下可能的自燃性原因？车用电池组在完全没通电与碰撞下可能的自燃性原因？特性不匹配电池串并联，造成内部回路的形成对内部某电池串的过充？87TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况超越六个标准偏差？或者超越六个标准偏差？或者同样为百万分之一的失效率的电池一千颗串并联在一起时有比提高电池良率更经济有效的办法吗？
125、失效机率会变成失效机率会变成 百万分之一的一千次方？百万分之一的一千次方？p 一千分之一？一千分之一？p 备用备用(Redundancy) 系统的存在性系统的存在性p 备用系统间的要求备用系统间的要求 福岛核电厂失效给我们的启示福岛核电厂失效给我们的启示88TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况到底是电池的错还是充电器的错？到底是电池的错还是充电器的错？电池管理系统(Battery M
126、anagement System) 避免电池失效的最后一道防线避免电池失效的最后一道防线 隔离失效的电池隔离失效的电池 防止作保电池的过充防止作保电池的过充 更重要的是更重要的是http:/ /default/files/bypass%20diode.JPG89TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电池管理系统的安全与可靠性评估电池管理系统的安全与可靠性评估90TWS Confiden
127、tial and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况UL 2271 轻型电动车用动力锂电池测试项目轻型电动车用动力锂电池测试项目 7.1 Abnormal (high rate) charge test7.2 Abusive overcharge test7.3 Short circuit test7.4 Normal temperature test7.5 Chargerlsystem compatibility tse
128、t7.6 Imbalanced pack test7.7 Reverse charge test7.8 Insulation resistance8.1 Vibration endurance test8.2 Shock test8.3 Impact test8.4 Crush test8.5 Drop test8.6 Mold stress relief test8.7 Nail test9.1 Resistance to moisture testp 7 Electrical Testsp Mechanical Testsp Environmental Tests91TWS Confide
129、ntial and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况UL 2580 车用锂电池组测试项目车用锂电池组测试项目8 Overcharge test9 Short circuit test10 Partial short circuit test11 Over-discharge12 Charge/system compatibility test13 Imbalanced pack test14 reverse charge
130、 test15 Dielectric withstand test16 Insulation resistance test17 Abnormal operation tests18 Rotation test19 Vibration endurance test20 Shock test21 Drop test22 Nail penetration test23 Crush test24 Resistance to moisture test25 Thermal Abuse26 Projectile (Module)27 Low Temperaturep 7 Electrical Tests
131、p Mechanical Testsp Environmental Tests92TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况8.2 A fully discharged sample is to be subjected to constant current (CC) charging using a dc supply sized sufficiently to provide the
132、 constant charge current at 1n of the battery.8.3 The test is to continue until the sample either reaches a 200% state of charge (SOC) or ultimate results occur. Ultimate results are considered to have occurred when one or more of the following occurs: the sample explodes or catches fire, the cells
133、vent ,or the temperature of the internal cell of cell module casing surface returns to ambient or steady state conditions have been achieved and 7 hours have elapsed.8.4 During the test, samples supplied with protective devices shall be subjected to a single component fault using any single fault co
134、ndition, which is most possible to occur in the charging circuit that may affect the testing. Passive protective devices determined to be reliable (see 3.2) may remain in the circuit.8 Overcharge test 过充过充93TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充
135、电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况9.2 The sample is o be short-circuited by connecting the positive and negative terminals of the sample with a circuit load having a total resistance less than or equal to 5 milliohms.9.3 The sample is to be discharged until a fire or explosion has occurred or until th
136、e sample is completely discharged (i.e. discharged until near zero state of charge/its energy is depleted), and/or the temperature on the cell casing, or in the case of battery packs the casing of the center cell module has peaked or reached a steady state condition and 7 hours has elapsed.9.4 Tests
137、 are to be conducted at room ambient. The samples are to reach equilibrium at before the terminals are connected.9.5 During the test, samples supplied with protective devices shall be subjected to a single component fault using any single fault condition, which is most possible to occur in the disch
138、arging circuit that may affect the testing. Passive protective device determined to be reliable (see 3.2) may remain in the circuit.9 Short circuit test 短路短路94TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况10.2 One paralle
139、l cell block within the cell module or one parallel cell module string within the battery pack is to be subjected to a short circuit by connecting the positive and negative terminals of the cell block with a circuit load having a total resistance less than or equal to 5 milliohms.10.3 The cell block
140、 or parallel module string is to be discharged until a fire or explosion has occurred or until the sample is completely discharged (i.e discharged until near zero state of charge/its energy is depleted) and/or the temperature on the cell casing, or in the case of battery packs the casing of the cent
141、er cell module has peaked or reached steady state condition and 7 hours has elapsed.10.4 During the tests, samples supplied with protective devices shall be subjected to a single component fault using any single fault condition, which is most possible to occur in the discharging circuit that may aff
142、ect the test. Passive protective device determined to be reliable (see 3.2) may remain in the circuit.10 Partial Short Circuit Test 部分短路部分短路95TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况11.2 The sample shall be discharg
143、ed in accordance with the manufactures specifications. At the end of the specified end-of discharge conditions (i.e. EODV), the sample shall continue being discharged at 1.0 1n rate for an additional 30 minutes. After 30 minutes of discharging, the sample was allowed to rest for an additional 1 hour
144、.11.3 During the test, sample supplied with protective devices shall be subjected to a single component fault using any single fault condition, which is most possible to occur in the discharging circuit that may affect the test. Passive protective device determined to be reliable (see 3.2) may remai
145、n in the circuit.11 Over-discharge 过放过放96TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况12.2 A fully discharged battery pack it to be conditioned within a chamber set to the upper charging temperature specifications of the
146、 battery pack. After being stabilized at that temperature, the pack is to be connected to a charging circuit input representative of anticipated maximum charging parameters. The pack shall then be subjected to maximum normal charging while monitoring voltages and currents of each cell block. Tempera
147、tures shall be monitored on temperature sensitive components including cells.12.3 While still in the conditioning chamber, and after allowing temperature to stabilize, the fully charged pack shall then be discharged in accordance with the manufacturers specifications while monitoring voltage and cur
148、rent of each cell/module. Temperatures shall be monitored on temperature sensitive components including sells.12 Charger/System Compatibility Test97TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况13.2 A fully charged cell m
149、odule shall have all of its cells with the exception of one cell-block discharged to the fully discharged to approximately 50% stale of charge (SOC). 13.3 The sample shall then be charged in accordance with the manufacturers specifications. The voltage of the partially charged cell-block shall be mo
150、nitored during the charging to determine if the voltage limits of the cell are being exceeded.13.4 During the test, samples supplied with protective devices shall be subjected to a single component fault suing any single fault condition, which is most possible to occur in the charging circuit that m
151、ay affect the test. Passive protective determined to be reliable (see 3.2) may remain in the circuit.13 Imbalanced Charging Test98TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况14.2 A cell shall be in a fully discharged co
152、ndition prior to testing.14.3 The cell is to be subjected to a constant reverse charging current at In amp rate for 90 minutes.14 Reverse Charge Test 逆光逆光99TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况15.2 Circuit at 60
153、Vdc or higher shall be subjected to a dielectric withstand voltage consisting of an essentially sinusoidal potential of 60 Hz at 1000 V plus twice rated voltage.15.3 The test voltage is to be applied between the hazardous voltage portions the battery pack and dead metal parts that may be accessible
154、or connected to accessible parts of a vehicle.15 Dielectric withstand test 电压耐受电压耐受Exception No. 1: A dc potential equal to 1.414 times the value for the ac potential may be applied instead.Exception No. 2: Semiconductors or similar electronic components liable to be damaged by application of the te
155、st voltage may be bypassed or disconnected.100TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况15.4 The test voltage is also to be applied between the high voltage charging circuit and charging connections of the battery pac
156、k and the enclosure/accessible dead metal parts of a batter pack.15.5 If the accessible parts of the battery pack are covered with insulating material that may become live in the event of an insulation fault, then the test voltages are applied between each of the live parts and metal foil in contact
157、 with the accessible parts.15.6 The test voltage shall be applied for a minimum of 1 minute and all cells be disconnected during the test.15.7 There shall be no evidence of a dielectric breakdown as a result of the applied voltage.Contd101TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与
158、动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况16.2 A battery pack shall be subjected to an insulation resistance test between the positive terminal and accessible dead metal parts of a battery pack.16.3 The insulation resistance shall be measured after a 60 second application with
159、a high resistance voltmeter suing a 500 Vdc circuit applied for at least 1 minute to the locations under test.16.4 The measured insulation resistance between the positive terminal and accessible parts of the battery pack shall be at least 50,000 ohms.16 Insulation Resistance Test102TWS Confidential
160、and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况17.2 Examples of testing include, but are not limited to operating the pack under normal discharge and charging with a failed cooling system, open and shorted components, and other potential f
161、ailure modes identified and that have not been previously addressed by the tests of Sections 8 14.17 Abnormal Operation Test103TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况18.1 A sample of the battery pack shall be subje
162、cted to a 360-degree rotation to simulate an overturned vehicle. This test is only conducted for those batteries intended for use in passenger vehicle.18.2 The sample shall be rotated at a rate of 90-degree/5 seconds. Testing shall be conducted subjecting the battery to a 360-degree rotation in 3 mu
163、tually perpendicular different directions. At the conclusion of the rotations, the sample shall be subjected a dielectric withstand test and insulation resistance test.18.3 As a result of the rotations, there shall be no fire or explosion. The sample shall comply with the dielectric withstand and in
164、sulation. Resistance tests.18 Rotation test 旋转旋转104TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况19.1 A sample of the battery pack is subjected to a vibration endurance test in accordance with the vibration method outline
165、d in Vibration Testing of Electric Vehicle Batteries, SAE J2380. The test is intended to evaluate the battery packs ability to withstand simulated vibration that would occur over the life of the battery pack. The sample shall be at a minimum of 80% state of charge (SOC) for all directions of testing
166、.19.2 During the test the OCV of the sample and temperatures on the center module shall be monitored for information purposes.19.3 The sample shall be examined 8-24 hours after testing. The samples shall not catch fire or explode. The sample shall comply with the dielectric withstand test and insula
167、tion resistance tests at the conclusion of the 8-24 hour rest period.19 Vibration endurance test 震动震动Exception: This test may need to be conducted at the cell module level for those battery packs intended for use in applications larger than passenger vehicles.105TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor I
168、nternal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况20.1 This test is meant to determine whether or not the cell module can withstand a mechanical shock.20.2 The sample of the fully charged cell module is to be secured to the testing machine by means of a rigid mo
169、unt, which supports all mounting surfaces of the sample.20.3 The sample is to be subjected to the Shock Test in the Standard for Household and Commercial Batteries, UL 2054, except the following parameters as outlined in Table 20.1 shall be used.20 Shock testSample typeWaveformPeak accelerationPulse
170、 duration, msTotal number of mutually perpendicular axes for testNumber of shocks In positive and negative direction of each axis Total number of shocks per sampleCell modules Half sing wave50gn113318106TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与
171、动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况21.1 This test is intended to evaluate if a battery pack can withstand an inadvertent drop during installation or removal from the vehicle.21.2 A sample is to be dropped form a height of 1.0m(3.3 feet) to strike a concrete surface in the position most likely to produce th
172、e adverse results.21.3 The sample is to be dropped a minimum of three times.21.4 The concrete surface is to be nominally 19 mm (0.748 inch) thick.21.5 Battery packs with polymeric enclosures shall also be tested after being conditioned for a minimum of 3 hours at -402.0(-403.6). The samples shall be
173、 dropped immediately after conditioning while still in the cold state.21.6 The sample shall be examined 6-24 hours after testing. The sample shall not catch fire or explode. The samples shall comply with the dielectric withstand test insulation resistance tests.21 Drop test 摔落摔落107TWS Confidential a
174、nd ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况22.1 This test is intended to evaluate the cells ability to withstand a sudden puncture from a foreign object.22.2 A fully charged cell shall be subjected to the penetration test in accordance
175、with Electric Vehicle Battery Abuse Testing, ASE J2464.22.3 As a result of the penetration, there shall be no fire or explosion.22 Nail penetration test 针刺针刺108TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况23.1 This test
176、is conducted on a fully charged cell module to determine its ability to withstand a crush that could occur during a vehicle accident. Modules containing cells that have been found to comply with both the crush and impact tests of the Standard for Lithium Batteries, UL 1642, or Household and Commerci
177、al Batteries, UL 2054 as applicable, need not be subjected to this test.23.2 A sample shall be crushed between a fixed surface and a ribbed test platen in accordance with the fixture described in Electric Battery Abuse Testing, SAE J2464.23.3 The sample is to be subjected to a crushing force of 13 0
178、.78kN(2922.5 175.3lb-f) applied at a rate of 1.5cm/s upon first contact with the sample. The crushes are to be applied in each of 3 mutually perpendicular directions with the ribs centered on the sample in each direction of press, for 1 minute. Each sample is to be subjected to a single crushing for
179、ce in only one direction.23.4 The samples shall not explode or catch fire.23 Crush test 压碎压碎Exception: Cell modules with only 2 axes of symmetry, such as cylindrical designs are subjected to 2 mutually perpendicular directions of press.109TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与
180、动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况24.1 This test is conducted on a fully charged battery pack and is intended to determine its resistance to temporary immersion in water from flooding of a vehicle, etc.24.2 With the battery pack in its normal operating orientation, it a
181、gainst temporary immersion as outlined in Enclosures for Electrical Equipment, Environmental Consideration, UL 50E.24.3 As a result of the immersion, there shall be no fire or explosion.24 Resistance to moisture test 湿气湿气110TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电
182、系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况25.1 This test is conducted on fully charged cells and is intended to evaluate the cells ability to withstand elevated temperatures without resulting in a breakdown of the insulation leading to a thermal runaway condition.25.2 A cell is to be heated i
183、n a gravity convection or circulating air oven with an initial temperature of 205(68 41). The temperature of the oven is to be raised at a rate of 52(41 35) per minute to a temperature of 150 2(302 35) and remain at that temperature for 60 minutes.25.3 The sample shall be allowed to cool to near roo
184、m temperature 205(68 41) within the test chamber, for safety purposes, before being examined. 25.4 The samples shall not explode or catch fire.25 Thermal Abuse 热热Note: A sudden cooling of the heated samples shall be avoided if possible as this can affect results of the test.111TWS Confidential and P
185、roprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况26.1 The purpose of this test is to determine a cell modules ability to prevent an explosion as a result of exposure to a simulated fuel or vehicle fire as outlined in 26.2 through 26.5.26.2 A full
186、y charged module shall be subjected to a uniform fire source along the length of the module at its bottom surface. The center of the fire source shall be palced at the center of the module. Any fuel may be used as the fire source as long as it provides the specified temperatures for the test as outl
187、ined in 26.4 for the duration of the test.26.3 During the test, surface temperatures on the cells within the modules and on the module casing shall be monitored. Thermocouples on the cell module casing shall be placed 25 mm (1 inch) from the bottom of the module. Metallic shielding shall be used to
188、prevent direct flame impingement on thermocuples.26.4 within 5 minutes of ignition, at least one thermocouple shall indicate a minimum temperature of 590(1094). The test is concluded when minimum temperature indication of 590 has been maintained for 20 minutes.26.5 As a result of this test, there sh
189、all be no explosion of the module.26 Fire (Cell Module) Test 防火防火Exception: Cell modules containing cells that comply with the projectile test in the Standard for Lithium Batteries, UL 1642, need not be subjected to this test.112TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况
190、电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况27.1 A fully charged sample of the battery pack relying upon a liquid cooling system shall be evaluated for its ability to withstand being operated in low temperatures.27.2 The sample shall be placed in a chamber set to -20(-4) and allowed to sta
191、bilize at that temperature for 3-4 hours prior to operation.27.3 The sample shall then be discharged and charged at the manufacturers recommended maximum charging and discharging parameters through 2 complete cycles.27.4 One complete cycling consists of the following:27.5 Any heating control circuit
192、ry within the battery that can be defeated by single fault conditions shall be defeated for this test.27.6 As a result of low temperature operations, there was no fire or explosion. There was no evidence of other damage that could lead to a hazardous condition.27 Low Temperature 低温低温Exception: If th
193、e battery is intended for operation at temperatures colder than -10 (14), the chamber temperature shall be reduced to the specified temperature minus 10 additional degrees. a) Condition the fully charged battery until the temperatures have stabilized at the low ambient temperature or a maximum of 5
194、hours, whichever comes first; b) Discharge the battery in accordance with the manufactures specified maximum discharge rate until it reaches end-of-discharge voltage (EODV); C) Condition the fully discharged battery until its temperatures stabilize at the low ambient temperature or a maximum of 5 ho
195、urs, whichever comes first; d) Charge the battery in accordance with the manufactures specified maximum charging parameters.113TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况 UL 2580ElectricalFlammabilityThermal Properties
196、Outdoor UseGaskets and Seals UL 2271Thermal PropertiesOutdoor UseGaskets and seals UL 2591 Separator7.1 Tensile strength7.2 Puncture strength8.1 Dimensional stability8.2 Shutdown temperature8.3 Melt temperature对聚合物材料的安规认可要求对聚合物材料的安规认可要求114TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与
197、动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况 T.1 高度仿真试验在压力11.6kPa，温度205的条件下，存放6h以上。 T.2 热测试在752和-402的条件下进行高温冲击测试，在极限温度中存放时间6h，高低温转换时间30mmin，试验总时间至少一周 T.3 振动试验15min内从7Hz至200Hz完成一次往复对数扫频正弦振动，3h内完成三维方向12次振动。 T.4 冲击试验150g、6ms或50g、11ms半正弦冲击，每个安装方向进行3次，总共18次。 T.5 外短路试验在552、外电阻0.1条件下短路，
198、短路时间持续到电池温度回到552后1h，观察6h。 T.6 碰撞试验9.1kg重物自612.5cm高处落于放有15.8mm圆棒的电池上，检测电池表面温度，观察6h. T.7 过充电测试在2倍的最大连续充电电流和2倍的最大充电电压条件下，对电池过充24h，观察7天。 T.8强制放电试验电池串连12V直流电源，以最大放电电流进行强制放电，观察7天。UN 38.3 联合国锂电池芯、组运输指令联合国锂电池芯、组运输指令115TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电
199、动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况UL Subject 1973, Outline of Investigation for Batteries for Use in Light Electric Rail (LER) Applications and Stationary Applications其他其他 UL 大型电池组标准大型电池组标准Stationary applicationsLER applicationsp Energy storage for PV, Wind Turbinep UPSp Installed in trains or rail
200、 platformsp Back up/emergency power, peak shaving116TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况EV动力电池标准发展趋势动力电池标准发展趋势117TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动
201、力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况UL 标准制定流程标准制定流程118TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况ISO 12405-1ISO 12405-2IEC 62660-1IEC 62660-2IEC与与ISO的标准发展目标的标准发展目标Electrically propelled road vehicles-Test specification for lith
202、ium-ion traction battery packs and systems-Part 1: High power applicationsElectrically propelled road vehicles-Test specification for Li-Ion tracktion battery packs and systems-Part 2:High energy applicationSecondary batteries for the propulsion of electric road vehicles-Part 1: Performance testing
203、for lithium-ion cellsSecondary batteries for the propulsion of electric road vehicles-Part 2: Reliability and abuse testing for lithium-ion cells119TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况ISO/FDIS 12405-1: Electrica
204、lly propelled road vehicles-Test specification for lithium-ion traction battery packs and systems-Part 1: High power applicationsISO正在发展的新标准正在发展的新标准(ISO 12405-1) Scope Covers:p Performance, reliability and abuse testing for high power lithium ion battery systems used for propulsion applications Defi
205、nitions:p high power application characteristic of device or application, for which by the ratio between maximum allowed electric power output and electric energy output at a 1C discharge rate at RT for a battery pack or system is typically equal or higher than 10. NOTE: Typically high power battery
206、 packs and systems are designs for applications in HEVs and FCVs.p battery system energy storage device that includes cells or cell assemblies or battery pack(s) as well as electrical circuits and electronics (e.g. BCU, contactors).120TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池
207、安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况ISO/FDIS 12405-2: Electrically propelled road vehicles-Test specification for lithium-ion traction battery packs and systems-Part 2: High energy applicationsISO正在发展的新标准正在发展的新标准(ISO 12405-2) Scope Covers:p Performance, reliability and abuse
208、testing for high power lithium ion battery systems used for propulsion applications Definitions:p high energy application characteristic of device or application, for which by the ratio between maximum allowed electric power output and electric energy output at a 1C discharge rate at RT for a batter
209、y pack or system is typically equal or higher than 10. NOTE: Typically high energy battery packs and systems are designs for applications in BEVs.p battery system energy storage device that includes cells or cell assemblies or battery pack(s) as well as electrical circuits and electronics (e.g. BCU,
210、 contactors).121TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况IEC/FDIS 62660-1, SECONDARY BATTERIES FOR THE PROPULSION OF ELECTRIC ROAD BEHICLES- Part 1: Performance testing for lithium-ion cellsIEC/FDIS 62660-2, SECONDAR
211、Y BATTERIES FOR THE PROPULSION OF ELECTRIC ROAD BEHICLES- Part 1: Reliability and abuse testing for lithium ion cellsIEC 正在发展的新标准正在发展的新标准 (IEC 62660-1/2)122TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况 ISO FDIS 12405-1 &
212、 ISO DIS 12405-2 TestsGeneral - Pre-conditioning and Standard cyclingPerformance -energy & capacity, Power & Internal Resistance, NL capacity loss, Capacity loss at Storage, Cranking Power at low and high temps, Energy Efficiency, Cycle LifeReliability - Dewing, Thermal Shock Cycling, Vibration, Mec
213、hanical ShockAbuse -SC Protection, Overcharge, Overdischarge IEC FDIS 62660-1 TestsPowerEnergyStorageCycle lifeEnergy efficiency IEC FDIS 62660-2 TestsMechanical -Vibration, Mechanical Shock, CrushThermal - High Temp Endurance, Temp CyclingElectrical - Ext. SC, Overcharge, Overdischarge.IEC与与ISO的新标准
214、测试方法比较的新标准测试方法比较123TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况IEC 62281 ed1.0 (2004-05)IEC 61982-1 ed1.0 (2006.09.01)IEC 61982-2 ed1.0 (2002.08.01)IEC 61982-3 ed1.0 (2001-06)IEC的其他相关电池标准的其他相关电池标准Safety of primary and s
215、econdary lithium cells and batteries during transportSecondary batteries for the propulsion of electric road vehicle Part 1：Test parametersSecondary Batteries for the Propulsion of Electric Road Vehicles Part 2:Dynarmic Discharge Performance Test DynamicSecondary batteries for the propulsion of elec
216、tric road vehicle Part 3: Performance and life testing (traffic compatible, urban use vehicles)124TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况IEC CD 62620， Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-
217、acid electrolytes Large format Secondary Cells and Batteries, for use in Industrial ApplicationsIEC CD 62619, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes-Safety requirements for Large format Secondary Lithium Cells and Batteries, for use in Industrial Application
218、sIEC正在民展的新标准正在民展的新标准This International Standard specifies, marking, designation, dimensions, tests and requirements for large format lithium-ion secondary single cells and batteries used in Industrial Applications including Stationary applicationsThis International Standard specifies requirements an
219、d tests for the safe operation of Large format Secondary Lithium Cells and Batteries, for use in Industrial Applications, under intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse125TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范
220、现况pCode, Meaning, Equivalent harmonized stage codepPWI, Potential new work item, 0.00pPNW, Proposed New Work, 10.00pAMW, Approved Maintenance Word, 20.00pANW, Approve New Word, 20.00pCAN, Draft cancelled, 20.98pDEL, Deleted items, 20.98pICD, 1st Committee Draft, 30.20pBWG, Draft returned to working
221、Group, 30.92pMERGED, Merged project, 30.97pDREJ, Draft rejected, 30.98pA2CD, Approved for 2nd Committee Draft, 30.99p3CD, 3rd Committee Draft 32.35p4CD, 4rd Committee Draft 32.35p5CD, 5rd Committee Draft 32.35p6CD, 6rd Committee Draft 32.35p7CD, 7rd Committee Draft 32.35p8CD, 8rd Committee Draft 32.
222、35p9CD, 9rd Committee Draft 32.35pA3CD, Approved for 3th Committee Draft, 35.92pA4CD, Approved for 4th Committee Draft, 35.92pA5CD, Approved for 5th Committee Draft, 35.92pA6CD, Approved for 6th Committee Draft, 35.92pA7CD, Approved for 7th Committee Draft, 35.92pA8CD, Approved for 8th Committee Dra
223、ft 35.92IEC/ISO标准文件的不同阶段标准文件的不同阶段pA9CD, Approved for 9th Committee Draft 35.92pCDM, Committee Draft to be discussed at Meeting, 35.95pACDV, Draft approved for Committee Draft with Vote, 35.99pCCDV, Draft circulated as Committee Draft with Vote 40.2pCDVM, Committee draft with vote for meeting, 40.91p
224、NADDIS, FDIS not approved, 40.93pADISSSB, FDIS manuscript subcontracted to CO, 40.95pADIS, Approved for FDIS circulation, 40.99pDEC, Draft at Editing Check, 40.99pRDIS, Text for FDIS received and registered, 50pCDIS, Draft circulated as FDIS. 50.2pCDPAS, Circulated Draft for Publicly Available Spec,
225、 50.2pCDTR, Circulated Draft Technical Specification, 50.2pCDTS, Circulated Draft Technical Specification, 50.2pNCD, CCDV not approved, 50.92pAPUBBSB, PUB manuscript subcontracted to CO, 50.95pAPUB, Draft approved for publication, 50.99pBPUB, Publication being printed, 60pPPUB, Publication issued, 6
226、0.6pSRP, Publication under Systematic Review, 95.92pWPUB, Publication withdrawn, 95.99pDELPUB, Deleted Publication, 99.6pSPE, Special Handing, 99.99126TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况ISO Safety Standard for
227、EV Battery SystemsSAE standards (voluntary)IEC的其他相关电池标准的其他相关电池标准Proposed for Fall 2010Pass/Fail CriteriaJ2464, Electric Vehicle Battery Abuse TestingJ2380, Vibration Testing of EV BatteriesJ2929 EV battery safety standard (Under development)WD-J1766, recommended Practice for EV and HEV Battery Syste
228、ms Crash Integrity TestingUN 38.3-Transport of dangerous Goods, Manual of Test Criteria, Section 38.3中国大陆中国大陆QCT 742-2006 电动汽车用铅酸蓄电池电动汽车用铅酸蓄电池QCT 743-2006 电动汽车用锂离子蓄电池电动汽车用锂离子蓄电池QCT 74-2006 电动汽车用金属氢化物镍蓄电池电动汽车用金属氢化物镍蓄电池GB T 18384.3-2001 电动汽车电动汽车 安全要求第安全要求第3部分：人员触电防护部分：人员触电防护GB T 18385-2001 电动车动力性能试验方法
229、电动车动力性能试验方法GBT 18388-2005 电动汽车电动汽车 定型试验定型试验127TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况 UL 2580, UL 2271, UL1973Safety Standards with psaa/fail criteriaContain construction and test requirementsNot chemistry specific
230、UL 2580 covers on-road and off road vehicle other then LEVs & does not have 60 Vdc limitUL 2271 covers light electric vehicles (on-road and for road) with 60 Vdc limit ISO 12405-1, -2, 7 IEC 62660-1, -2Do not address safety (set of tests to evaluate performance, reliability and abuse tolerance)No pa
231、ss/fail criteriaLithium ionOn-road vehicle of any type although written from perspective of automobileTest program may be modified at agreement of involved partiesNo construction requirementsUL and ISO/IEC的标准比较的标准比较128TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电
232、池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况Functional Safety 在在EV系统的角色系统的角色129TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况安全与可靠度整合验证标示安全与可靠度整合验证标示130TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现
233、况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况IEC 61508-1 Table 2-低使用频率模式安全可靠度等级分级表低使用频率模式安全可靠度等级分级表 Safety integrity level (SIL)Average probability of a dangerous failure on demand of the safety function (PFDavg)410-5 to 10-4310-4 to 10-3210-3 to 10-2110-2 to 10-1131TWS Confidential and Pr
234、oprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况IEC 61508-1 Table 3-低使用频率模式安全可靠度等级分级表低使用频率模式安全可靠度等级分级表 Safety integrity level (SIL)Average frequency of a dangerous failure of the safety function h-1(PFH)410-9 to 10-8310-8 to 10-7210-7 to 10-6110-
235、6 to 10-5132TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电池芯的安全与电池组的安全各有不同考虑电池组的电池管理系统是电池组的安全保证安全可靠度将会是车用电池管理系统的未来挑战结论结论133TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与
236、动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况EV系统实现化挑战系统实现化挑战充电充电系统系统政策政策安全安全金融金融体系体系标准化标准化价格价格续航力续航力电力来源电力来源134TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only产品设产品设计初审计初审电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况ULU认可加速方案流程认可加速方案流程整整体体诊诊段段 设计改善、设计改善、 人员训练人员训练原型原型审查审查 样品制作样品制作 预测试
237、预测试 设计设计/ 样品样品 改善改善计划执行计划执行实验室实验室规划规划 设备采购设备采购 设备安装设备安装 设备验收设备验收实验室人员训练实验室人员训练 实验室管理实验室管理 系统建立系统建立 实验室人员实验室人员 演练演练实验室实验室人员认可人员认可预预审审查查实实验验室室正正式式审审查查产产品品验验证证测测试试产产品品取取得得验验证证135TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况
238、ULU完整方案规划完整方案规划实验室实验室/产品产品认可认可设备设施设备设施耗材采购耗材采购实验室审查实验室审查实验室能力比对实验室能力比对质量管理质量管理 系统人员系统人员ISO 9000训练训练ISO 17025训练训练管理系统文件建立辅导管理系统文件建立辅导实验室精实质量管理规划实验室精实质量管理规划SOP建立建立实验室操作人员实验室操作人员测试流程训练测试流程训练实验室规划训练实验室规划训练实验室认可流程训练实验室认可流程训练UL实验室参观、训练实验室参观、训练厂内实验室训练厂内实验室训练安规验证安规验证 管理人员管理人员认证流程训练认证流程训练产品认证文件训练产品认证文件训练厂检流程训练厂检流程训练研发人员研发人员全球验证要求训练全球验证要求训练产品安全设计训练产品安全设计训练电工法规训练电工法规训练零组件与设计更换零组件与设计更换结构审查结构审查失效模式分析失效模式分析关键零组件标准训练关键零组件标准训练产品零组件产品零组件采购人员采购人员关键零组件认可训练关键零组件认可训练136TWS Confidential and ProprietaryFor Internal Use Only电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况电动车充电系统与动力电池安全规范现况137
