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1、第四讲：管理心理学的人性论1一、人性之争n人的本质是什么n人性的争议n现实人性的构成2二、西方管心中人性假设3The Organization as an Iceberg4n道格拉斯麦格雷戈（Douglas McGregor ）的X,Y理论(McGregors Theory X and Theory Y)n1960，管理理论X或Y的抉择企业的人性面5nTheory X :Assumes the average worker is lazy, dislikes work, will do as little as possible, have little ambition, want to a
2、void responsibility nManagers must closely supervise and control through reward and punishment.nTheory Y :Assumes workers are not lazy, can exercise self-direction, accept and actually seek out responsibility, and consider work to be a natural activitynManagers should allow the worker great latitude
3、, and create an organization to stimulate the worker.6n雪恩（Edgar H Schein）的四种人假设n经济人n社会人n自我实现人n复杂人7n超Y理论n摩尔斯（J J Morse）和洛奇（J W Lorsch）提出8n阿吉里斯（ch.Argyris）的“不成熟”“成熟”理论9婴儿成人被动主动依赖独立有限的行为方式多种多样的行为方式肤浅、短暂的兴趣持久、专一的兴趣只顾及当前有长远的打算从属地位平等甚至支配他人的地位缺乏自觉自觉、自制10William Ouchi 的的 Z 理论n日本与美国的文化差异日本与美国的文化差异. nUSA cult
4、ure emphasizes the individual, and managers tend to feel workers follow the Theory X model.nJapan culture expects worker committed to the organization first and thus behave differently than USA workers.nZ理论理论 (Theory Z)主张引进部分日本企业主张引进部分日本企业文化到美国企业来文化到美国企业来.nManagers stress long-term employment, work-group, and organizational focus.11A型J型Z型短期雇佣终身雇佣长期雇佣迅速评价、晋什缓慢评价、晋什AZJ专业化的职业道路非专业化J明确的控制含蓄的控制A个人决策集体决策J个人负责集体负责A局部关系整体关系J12PhysiologicalSafetySocialEsteemSelf-Actualization经济人社会人自我实现人复杂人13
