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1、二、段落概括的9大技巧专题五第二节分类突破读读写写任任务务型型写写作作中中，开开头头的的30词词的的段段落落概概括括是是一一篇篇好好的的书书面面表表达达的的开开始始。我我们们必必须须从从文文体体入入手手，分分析析文文章章结结构构，准准确确把把握握要要点点，注注意意区区分分事事实实和和观观点点、重重要要和和次次要要、普普遍遍与与特特殊殊、相相关关与与不不相相关关、原原因因和和结果等逻辑关系。结果等逻辑关系。在在概概括括文文章章时时，可可考考虑虑命命题题人人提提供供的的写写作作内内容容，因因为为它它能能够够帮帮助助大家更快地提高捕捉文章要点的速度与准确性。大家更快地提高捕捉文章要点的速度与准确性。
2、1.概括的标准：瞄准目的，省却细节，抛弃例子。概括的标准：瞄准目的，省却细节，抛弃例子。2.概括的写作步骤：概括的写作步骤：(1)确定主题句；确定主题句；(2)寻找关键词；寻找关键词；(3)重构主题句；重构主题句；(4)重组支撑句。重组支撑句。3.注意概括段落的文体注意概括段落的文体(1)对对于于故故事事性性、记记叙叙性性的的文文体体：要要找找出出文文中中的的时时间间、地地点点、人人物物、事事件件(过过程程)、原原因因、结结果果(影影响响、感感悟悟、启启发发、启启迪迪、结结论论)。即即when，where，who，what，why，how。(2)对对于于议议论论文文，转转述述时时则则要要准准确
3、确而而全全面面地地概概括括作作者者的的观观点点和和态态度度。在在文文中中找找关关键键词词(主主题题字字眼眼)；找找出出涉涉及及主主题题的的问问题题(作作者者看看法法)；找找出出相相关关问问题题的的解解决决办办法法。可可以以借借助助相相关关过过渡渡词词，恰恰当当地地概概括括文文章章要点，切勿照抄原文句子。要点，切勿照抄原文句子。4.如何写主题句如何写主题句进进行行读读写写任任务务型型写写作作时时，因因“写写作作内内容容”所所列列要要点点的的顺顺序序已已具具有有内内在在的的逻逻辑辑性性，所所以以考考生生按按照照所所给给内内容容要要点点顺顺序序写写作作即即可可，无无需需重重新新调调整整。一一般般是是
4、每每个个写写作作要要点点安安排排一一段段，且且将将写写作作内内容容的的每每个个要要点点作作为为各各段段的的主主题题句句，放放在在句句首首。这这样样既既符符合合英英语语的的写写作作习习惯惯，又又可可以以避避免免写写作作时时跑跑题题或或漏漏掉掉要要点点，并并且且层层次次分分明明，方方便便阅阅卷卷老老师师落落实实要要点点是是否否齐齐全全。当然，如果所给要点之间有非常紧密的联系，也可以安排在同一段内。当然，如果所给要点之间有非常紧密的联系，也可以安排在同一段内。微技能突破随堂限时练内容索引微技能突破微技能微技能(一一)直接翻译直接翻译对对不不含含提提问问性性质质的的要要点点，一一般般将将其其译译成成英
5、英语语即即可可，必必要要时时可可增增加加关联词。例如：关联词。例如：1.其他督促学生认真学习的办法。其他督促学生认真学习的办法。However，there are other ways to make students work hard.2.中学生活和大学生活的差别。中学生活和大学生活的差别。From my point of view，the college life will be different from the life in high school.微技能微技能(二二)回答要点回答要点主题句对要点提问作出明确回答。例如：主题句对要点提问作出明确回答。例如：1.要点：学生的压力来源
6、是什么？要点：学生的压力来源是什么？Nowadays，students are under great pressure，which mainly es from their school work as well as peer relationship.2.要点：在小孩几岁的时候教他们理财？用什么形式理财？要点：在小孩几岁的时候教他们理财？用什么形式理财？I think five to six is an appropriate age to begin teaching children money management skills.Parents may acpany their c
7、hildren to the bank and help them open an account in which they can save their lucky money.微技能微技能(三三)明确观点明确观点对对带带有有一一般般问问句句性性质质、要要求求考考生生作作出出肯肯定定或或否否定定回回答答的的要要点点，考考生生要要明明确确表表示示支支持持还还是是反反对对、赞赞同同还还是是不不赞赞同同、该该还还是是不不该该等等，或或表表明会不会做某事。例如：明会不会做某事。例如：1.你是否也埋怨过父母。你是否也埋怨过父母。As for me，I always plain about my pa
8、rents high expectation on me and their ignoring my real feelings.2.你是否赞同你是否赞同“狼爸狼爸”式的教育，并陈述你的理由。式的教育，并陈述你的理由。Personally I disapprove of what is advocated in the book entitled “Thats Why They Go to Peking University”，because I wonder whether the admission to a prestigious university has bee the only
9、marker of success in most parents mind，or rather，a full stop to parental duties.微技能微技能(四四)“重要重要”表达表达如如果果要要点点是是“谈谈谈谈的的重重要要性性”，主主题题句句则则为为“有有重重要要作作用用”；如如果果要要点点是是“谈谈谈谈有有何何重重要要意意义义”，主主题题句句则则为为“很很有意义有意义”等。说明必要、重要或意义的常用表达有：等。说明必要、重要或意义的常用表达有：1.We should attach more importance to sth. 2.It is important/sign
10、ificant for sb. to do sth. 3.sth. plays a very important role/part in.4.sth. is playing an increasingly important role in our life.5.People are ing to realize the importance of.6.The significance of.cannot be overvalued.例如：例如：1.谈谈独立的重要性。谈谈独立的重要性。Inspired by the story， I suddenly realized the importa
11、nce of independence.2.谈谈在危急的状况下保持镇静的重要意义。谈谈在危急的状况下保持镇静的重要意义。First of all，keeping calm in an emergency is of great significance.微技能微技能(五五)表明看法表明看法对对“你你对对的的看看法法/态态度度”之之类类的的写写作作要要点点，考考生生可可用用in my opinion/view，personally，as far as Im concerned等等开开头头，直直接接表表明明自己的看法。例如：自己的看法。例如：1.你对父母溺爱孩子的看法。你对父母溺爱孩子的看法。In
12、 my opinion，overprotection and too much care are extremely bad for childrens development.2.我对大学扩招的看法。我对大学扩招的看法。From my point of view，this tendency should be continued，as we need more capable people to contribute to the fast-growing economy.微技能微技能(六六)引出经历引出经历由别人的经历引出自己的经历时可用以下句型来表达：由别人的经历引出自己的经历时可用以下
13、句型来表达：1.It reminds me of the time when.2.It reminds me of an accident which happened several days ago.3.After reading the story above，I recall the experience of my friend who.4.The story above reminds me of one of my experiences.例如：例如：1.讲述一次你讲述一次你(或你的朋友或你的朋友)想家的经历想家的经历(时间、地点和起因时间、地点和起因)。Sams story r
14、eminds me of my similar experience.2.你你(或你同学或你同学)的一次车祸经历。的一次车祸经历。I also experienced a similar car accident.题组过关题组过关1根据所给要点写出每个段落的主题句根据所给要点写出每个段落的主题句1.要点：发脾气的害处。要点：发脾气的害处。_2.要点：我们能以木匠建房的态度去对待我们的生活吗？要点：我们能以木匠建房的态度去对待我们的生活吗？_As we know，getting angry not only does harm to ones health，but also has a bad
15、effect on the relationship between people.答案In no way should we treat our life in the way like the carpenter.3.要要点点：作作为为校校方方应应该该采采取取哪哪些些措措施施避避免免此此类类悲悲剧剧(校校园园安安全全问问题题)的的发发生。生。_4.要点：你是否支持该校长的做法，并陈述理由。要点：你是否支持该校长的做法，并陈述理由。_More lectures should be held on safety to enhance students awareness of the issu
16、e.答案Im pletely for what the headmaster did.Only when students behave well can they create a good environment for study，so its necessary to suspend the misbehaved students and help them to behave well.5.要点：北大不应该拒绝游客。要点：北大不应该拒绝游客。_6.要点：越来越多的人又开始骑自行车的原因。要点：越来越多的人又开始骑自行车的原因。_It surprises me to learn tha
17、t Peking University shuts its door to group tours，which seems inappropriate.答案Nowadays，more and more people ride bicycles.The main reason is that.7.要点：你是否赞成文中对出国游学的看法？要点：你是否赞成文中对出国游学的看法？_8.要点：日常生活中为了保护环境我们还可以做些什么？要点：日常生活中为了保护环境我们还可以做些什么？_I couldnt agree more with the author./I totally agree with the
18、 author.答案As high school students，we are supposed to make great efforts to help protect our environment.微技能微技能(七七)要素串联法要素串联法对对记记叙叙文文进进行行概概括括时时，要要抓抓住住原原文文的的人人物物、事事件件、结结果果三三大大要要素素。有有些些记记叙叙文文的的结结尾尾有有一一个个点点题题句句，表表达达深深刻刻内内涵涵或或故故事事带带给给人人们们的的启启示，在写概要时也需把故事寓意表达出来。示，在写概要时也需把故事寓意表达出来。1.寻寻词词摘摘句句，确确定定要要素素：记记叙叙文
19、文通通常常包包含含时时间间(when)、地地点点(where)、人人物物(who)、事事件件(what)、起起因因(why)、经经过过(how)等等六六大大要要素素。在阅读时要圈定这些要素。在阅读时要圈定这些要素。2.整整合合信信息息，串串联联要要素素：列列出出上上述述要要素素和和关关键键词词后后，需需要要对对其其进进行行整整合合，把把所所圈圈定定的的要要素素按按一一定定的的逻逻辑辑顺顺序序，在在整整合合时时要要有有所所取取舍舍，对对于于能能揭揭示示主主题题的的主主要要信信息息，应应该该全全部部概概括括；而而对对于于主主题题之之外外的的内内容容要要毫不吝啬地舍弃。毫不吝啬地舍弃。3.认认真真审
20、审题题，注注意意表表达达：表表达达时时要要注注意意以以下下三三点点：(1)确确定定人人称称：如如果果原原文文是是第第一一人人称称，在在转转述述时时一一般般要要改改为为第第三三人人称称。(2)确确定定时时态态：记记叙叙文文以以一一般般过过去去时时为为主主。若若记记叙叙文文中中有有作作者者从从中中得得到到的的“启启示示”或或“意意义义”等等，一一般般用用一一般般现现在在时时表表达达。(3)确确定定词词数数与与句句数数：概概要要要要求求是是“以以约约30个个词词概概括括”，满满分分作作文文概概括括的的词词数数在在2638个个单单词词之之间间。受受词词数数限限制制，概概括括部部分分一一般般用用13句句
21、表表达达，以以用用两两句句最最佳佳，句句子子过过多多，要要么内容累赘，要么句式过于简单，均会影响表达效果。么内容累赘，要么句式过于简单，均会影响表达效果。注注意意：故故事事性性阅阅读读材材料料，应应该该用用最最简简练练的的语语言言来来说说明明故故事事讲讲述述了了什什么么，不能拖泥带水，而且最好讲述该故事给你的启示或其中的一个道理。不能拖泥带水，而且最好讲述该故事给你的启示或其中的一个道理。题题组组过过关关2阅阅读读下下面面短短文文，然然后后以以约约30个个词词概概括括下下文文的的主主要要内内容容，并按要求写出步骤。并按要求写出步骤。A father came home from work la
22、te，tired and exhausted. He worked day and night hoping to earn more money for his only child. His 5-year-old daughter was waiting for him at the door.“Dad，how much do you earn an hour？” asked the daughter.“Why do you ask that？”“I just want to know. Please tell me how much you earn an hour.”“If you r
23、eally want to know.I earn$20 an hour.”“Oh，” the little girl replied with her head down. Looking up she said，“Dad，may I borrow$10？”The father became angry.“Go to bed right now! Think about how selfish you are！I work hard every day but you just want to buy your silly toy！”The little girl quietly went
24、to her bedroom feeling sad. After an hour or so the father calmed down and started to feel sorry because she really didnt ask for money very often. So he went to his daughters room and gave her$10.The little girl jumped from the bed.“Oh，thank you Dad！” She was really happy indeed.Then she took out h
25、er own savings and said，“Dad，I have$20 now. Can I buy an hour of your time? Please e home earlier tomorrow. I would like to have dinner with you.”第一步：圈定本文的要素第一步：圈定本文的要素who_when_where_what_a girl and her father答案at the time when her father came home from workat homeThe girl borrowed $10 from her fath
26、er and wanted to buy an hour from her father.第二步：确定人称和时态第二步：确定人称和时态1.人称：人称： ；2.时态：时态： 。第三步：串联要素，确定表达第三步：串联要素，确定表达_第三人称第三人称答案一般过去时一般过去时In the passage，a little girl asked her father，who often came home late from hard work，how much he earned an hour.Then she borrowed some money from her father and aske
27、d him to sell one hour of his time to acpany her.微技能微技能(八八)中心词挖掘法中心词挖掘法说说明明性性短短文文，用用概概括括的的文文字字介介绍绍或或说说明明某某种种事事物物的的性性质质功功用用或或社社会现象。所以我们碰到这样的文体，可以用中心词挖掘法。会现象。所以我们碰到这样的文体，可以用中心词挖掘法。题题组组过过关关3阅阅读读下下面面短短文文，写写出出文文章章关关键键词词，然然后后以以约约30个个词词归归纳文章大意。纳文章大意。Wele back to Modern Parenting.Weve already talked about b
28、eing open and honest with your kids，but there is one thing that all good parents do，and its surprisingly simple：read to your kids.Studies show that children are better prepared for school and tend to get better grades later on if their parents make a habit of reading to them from a young age.One stu
29、dy from Harvard University found that the number of books in the home was the single biggest factor related to success in school，more than the education or ine of the parents! Reading is fun，and it can be an important part of relaxing at bedtime.Best of all，it gives parents an opportunity to municat
30、e with their children and teach them about the world.Its never too early to start reading to your children.Many parents buy books for their kids long before they can talk，and some even start reading to their children before they are born! Trips to the library or the bookstore can be fun activities f
31、or young families to do together.So parents，if you are wondering what to do with your kids tonight，remember：all you need is a good book! Thats all for Modern Parenting.This is Lesley，on 105.7 FM，saying good night.1.关键词：关键词：_答案read to your kids；be better for；a habit of reading；the biggest factor；succ
32、ess；opportunity；municate with；activities2.根据以上关键词提示，请归纳文章大意：根据以上关键词提示，请归纳文章大意：我们可以用这样的句式：我们可以用这样的句式：(1)The passage introduces.to us，especially its.，from which we know.(2)The passage tells us.，including.(方方法法1)，.(方方法法2)，and.(方方法法3).(3)The passage points out that. _答案The program introduces a simple wa
33、y to parents：read to their children as early as possible，which is vital to childrens personal growth，academic achievements and munication with parents.微技能微技能(九九)主题概括法主题概括法1.找出关键词和主题句找出关键词和主题句任任何何议议论论文文包包括括论论点点、论论据据、论论证证三三部部分分，所所以以在在写写议议论论文文的的摘摘要要时时也也要要扣扣住住这这三三大大要要素素。议议论论文文是是围围绕绕某某个个主主题题展展开开的的，因因此此，许
34、许多多文文章章中中最最明明显显的的特特点点之之一一是是有有一一个个反反复复出出现现的的中中心心词词，即即高高频频词词，也也叫叫做做主主题题词词。抓抓住住了了它它，便便容容易易抓抓住住文文章章的的中中心心。一一般般来来说说，主主题题词词通通常是名词、动词或形容词。常是名词、动词或形容词。议议论论文文通通常常用用来来讲讲明明道道理理、议议论论是是非非、提提出出观观点点或或看看法法。作作者者先先正正面面或或反反面面提提出出论论点点，然然后后用用事事实实论论证证论论点点，最最后后以以重重申申论论点点或或提提出出建建议议的的方方式式得得出出结结论论。议议论论文文的的主主题题句句通通常常在在首首段段或或尾
35、尾段段，或或者者在在各各段段的的首句或尾句。首句或尾句。2.根据关键词和主题句进行概括根据关键词和主题句进行概括根根据据圈圈定定的的关关键键词词和和主主题题句句进进行行改改写写，用用相相应应的的同同义义词词进进行行替替换换或或进进行句型转换，千万不能原封不动地抄写原文。行句型转换，千万不能原封不动地抄写原文。3.整合要点，限制词数整合要点，限制词数用用相相应应的的连连词词对对各各要要点点进进行行连连接接，使使其其连连贯贯，整整合合中中心心要要点点，使使用用形形容容词词、介介词词短短语语、非非谓谓语语动动词词短短语语合合并并、简简化化句句子子，使使之之符符合合概概括括短短文内容要点的词数文内容要
36、点的词数(30个词左右个词左右)。题组过关题组过关4 阅读下面短文，然后以约阅读下面短文，然后以约30个词概括下文的主要内容。个词概括下文的主要内容。If you ask people what makes them happy，you will probably get many different answers，but there are two fundamental things that will ensure happiness.The first part of what makes people happy is growth.When you feel like you a
37、re improving your life，thats when you are happy.It doesnt necessarily mean that you have to constantly buy bigger and better things.You need to feel like you are growing on a personal level.You need to know that the essence of who you are is continually improving in some way.Keep looking for ways to
38、 make yourself better today than you were yesterday.This can mean different things to different people but the point is that you have to feel like you are improving and getting better as a human being as time goes by.The second part of what makes people happy is the sense of contribution.Everyone wa
39、nts to believe that they are put here to do something great.As long as you know that by your being here，by doing what you are doing，you are helping someone somewhere，it will bring you happiness.These are two ways of how to find happiness.Are these the only answers to what makes people happy? That de
40、pends on how you define happiness.第一步：圈定文章的关键词和主题句第一步：圈定文章的关键词和主题句1.关键词：关键词：_2.主题句：主题句：_第二步：根据文章大意可知本文为第二步：根据文章大意可知本文为“观点对比式议论文观点对比式议论文”1.人们的观点：人们的观点：_2.作者的观点：作者的观点：_答案happy，different answers；two fundamental thingsThe first part of what makes people happy is growth.The second part of what makes peop
41、le happy is the sense of contribution.People have different opinions about what makes themHappiness es from fundamental sources.happy.第三步：整合要点，确定答案第三步：整合要点，确定答案_答案While people have different opinions about what makes them happy，the writer thinks that happiness es from fundamental sources：the improve
42、ment of ones life and the sense of contribution.随堂限时练【1】阅读下面短文，写出记叙文的六大要素，并连成一段阅读下面短文，写出记叙文的六大要素，并连成一段30词左右的词左右的段落大意。段落大意。The Best GiftDella and Jim broke away from their families to get married.Now they lived in a small attic of a cold and old building.They were now digesting the hardship of life.T
43、he only joy was their sweet love for each other.The handsome husband had to be burdened with a family though he was young.The beautiful wife took care of the shabby house with the few coins she saved.Christmas was ing.They were thinking of a good gift for each other.Della wore a waterfall of black h
44、air，but her b was broken.Jim had a gold watch with an old chain，which was passed from his old grandfather.The big day finally came.On arriving home，Jim was surprised to find Dellas long hair cut short.But Della was also surprised to find Jims gold watch gone.She had sold her hair to buy a gold watch
45、 chain for him! He had sold his gold watch to buy an expensive b for her! The gifts were now useless.But in fact they got the best gifts. the true love between a couple，Della and Jim.They both sacrificed their most valuable things to buy their partner a gift to fulfill their little dreamsThe passage
46、 is about_ .who_where_when _what_how_why_答案Della and Jima small atticbefore Christmasbuy gifts for each othersell their precious thingslove between them【2】阅读下面短文，并用阅读下面短文，并用30词左右来概括段落大意。词左右来概括段落大意。A boy found an eagles egg and he put it in the nest of a hen.The eagle hatched and thought he was a chi
47、cken.He grew up doing what chickens didscratching for food and flying short distances.It was a dull life.Gradually the eagle grew older and bitter.One day he and his chicken friends saw a beautiful bird soaring on the currents of air，high above the mountains.“Oh，I wish I could fly like that！” said t
48、he eagle.The chicken replied，“Dont give it another thought.Thats the mighty(强强大大的的) eagle，the king of all birdsyou could never be like him！” And the eagle didnt give it another thought.He went on cackling and plaining about life.He died thinking he was a prairie chicken.My friends，you were born an e
49、agle too.The Creator intended you to be an eagle，so dont listen to the chickens!_Hatched by a hen，an eagle lived like a chicken.He wanted to fly like an eagle but was discouraged by his fellows.Eventually he died bitterly without knowing he himself was an eagle.答案【3】阅读下面短文，并用阅读下面短文，并用30词左右的段落大意来概括。词
50、左右的段落大意来概括。Honesty means speaking the truth and being fair.Honesty is a good virtue.If you are honest all the time，youll be trusted and respected by others.A liar is always looked down upon and regarded as a black sheep by the people around.Once you lie，people will never believe you even if you spea
51、k the truth.However，nowadays it seems that more and more people believe in money at the sacrifice of honesty.To them，among such things as health，beauty，money，intelligence，honesty，reputation and talent，honesty is the only thing that can be thrown away.They dont understand or pretend not to understand
52、 that honesty is the biggest fortune for humans，and that it is necessary to do everything well.In short，honesty is gold.Honest，your reputation will bee great；dishonest，your name will be spoiled.Therefore，we should never make such an excuse as “A little dishonesty is only a slight thing.” We should r
53、emove immediately the seed of dishonesty once its sowed in our minds._It is known that honesty plays an important role in our life，which can contribute to our success and earn us respect from others.Therefore，honesty is of vital importance and brings people benefits.答案【4】阅读下面短文，并用阅读下面短文，并用30词左右的段落大意
54、来概括。词左右的段落大意来概括。There is no doubt that academic study is an important part of the school days.However，it is not the only thing that students should be learning.Schools should also be teaching students certain life skills so that they graduate.Following this reasoning，I believe that physical exercise
55、 should be a required part of every school day.Physical exercise will benefit students in many ways.First of all，regular exercise is an important part of a healthy lifestyle.However，with their busy schedules， many students may not have the opportunity to exercise at home and they may bee weaker.If s
56、chools allow students to do some physical activity every day，they will be happier and healthier students.Second，doing some sports during the school day will give the students a break and allow them to relax their minds.They will be able to return to their studies refreshed and with more energy to le
57、arn.As fitness is such an important ingredient of success，I believe that schools should require students to engage in some physical activities every day.It will be good not only for their bodies，but also for their minds.Happier and healthier students will do better at their academic studies and in life._The author argues that daily physical exercise is necessary for students，because they will benefit a lot in many ways.Additionally，the writer suggests that school should encourage students to take some exercise every day.答案
