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1、英语句子成分与结构英语句子成分与结构nounadj. / adv.infinitiveV-ing V-edetc.主主语语谓谓语语宾语宾语宾语宾语宾补宾补表语表语宾语宾语(间间)宾语宾语(直直)Vt系动词系动词ViNoun / PronounThe + adjV-ing / ClauseInfinitiveNoun / Pronoun / The + adjV-ing / Clause / Infinitivebe / feel / seem / lookappear / stand / lie become /get / grow / turn go / come / remain/ kee
2、ptaste / smell etc. nounpronounadj. / adv.infinitiveV-ing / V-edclauseetc.Members of a sentence主语主语 subject谓语谓语 predicate宾语宾语 object表语表语 predicative宾补宾补 complement定语定语 attribute状语状语 adverbial同位语同位语 appositiveI met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语主语（主语（subject）句子
3、说明的人或事物,主语一般位于_ 。句首句首Lily llikes her new bike.To learn English well is not easy.（二）谓语（二）谓语（二）谓语（二）谓语（predicate)predicate)predicate)predicate)：由动词或动词短语充当，位置一般放于主语后面。由动词或动词短语充当，位置一般放于主语后面。由动词或动词短语充当，位置一般放于主语后面。由动词或动词短语充当，位置一般放于主语后面。He works very hard.谓语谓语谓语谓语The weather is very nice today.谓语谓语谓语谓语 He
4、looked up the word in the dictionary.谓语谓语谓语谓语 How many do you want? - I want two. They sent the injured to hospital. They asked to see my passport. I enjoy working with you. Did you write down what he said? (数数词)(名名词化的形容化的形容词)(三三)宾语（宾语（ object ）动作的对象或承受者，动作的对象或承受者，由由n.或相当于或相当于n.的词担任。的词担任。置于置于_或或_之后。
5、之后。（不定式）（不定式）（动名词）（动名词）（句子）（句子）及物动词及物动词介词介词 通通常常情情况况下下，指指物物的的叫叫直直接接宾宾语语，指指人人的的叫叫间间接宾语。间接宾语多放在直接宾语之前。接宾语。间接宾语多放在直接宾语之前。间接间接宾语宾语直接直接宾语宾语please pass me the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.He gave me some books.（四）（四）（四）（四） 定语定语定语定语: : : :(attribute) (attribute) （Noun/PronounNoun/Pronoun）这是一节
6、生动有趣的课这是一节生动有趣的课这是一节生动有趣的课这是一节生动有趣的课This is a lively and interesting class.有一些难题要处理有一些难题要处理有一些难题要处理有一些难题要处理There is something difficult to deal with.前置定语前置定语后置定语后置定语Tips:Tips:形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰词的前面，而介词短语、形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰词的前面，而介词短语、形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰词的前面，而介词短语、形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰词的前面，而介词短语、不定式短语则放在被修饰词之后。不定式短语则放在被修
7、饰词之后。不定式短语则放在被修饰词之后。不定式短语则放在被修饰词之后。（五）（五）（五）（五） 表语（表语（表语（表语（predicativepredicative）连系动词连系动词连系动词连系动词1.be1.be动词动词(am, is, are, was, were)(am, is, are, was, were)3. 3.感官动词感官动词(look, smell, hear, feel(look, smell, hear, feel) )+ + + +表语表语表语表语2. 2.表状态变化的动词表状态变化的动词(get/become/turn/keep/remain/stay)(get/be
8、come/turn/keep/remain/stay)My sister is a nurse.My sister is a nurse.She got angry.She got angry.I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them. （六）（六）宾语补足足语 （object complement）( ( ( (七七七七) ) ) ) 同位语同位语同位语同位语: : : :(appositive)(appositive)我们有两个孩子，一男一女我们有两个孩
9、子，一男一女我们有两个孩子，一男一女我们有两个孩子，一男一女We have two children, a boy and a girl.那人是我的老师，他从来都不骑自行车那人是我的老师，他从来都不骑自行车那人是我的老师，他从来都不骑自行车那人是我的老师，他从来都不骑自行车The man, my teacher, never rides a bike.当两个同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用当两个同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用当两个同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用当两个同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另
10、一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语。来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语。来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语。来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语。八八八八. . . . 状语状语状语状语: : : :(adverbial)(adverbial)状语是修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分；按状语是修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分；按状语是修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分；按状语是修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分；按用途分，可分为用途分，可分为用途分，可分为用途分，可分为时间，地点，原因，结果，目的，条件，时间，地点，原因
11、，结果，目的，条件，时间，地点，原因，结果，目的，条件，时间，地点，原因，结果，目的，条件，让步，程度，方式，伴随状况让步，程度，方式，伴随状况让步，程度，方式，伴随状况让步，程度，方式，伴随状况等。等。等。等。表时间：yesterday, today, tomorrow Shall we go shopping today or tomorrow?我们是今天还是明天出去买东西啊？我们是今天还是明天出去买东西啊？我们是今天还是明天出去买东西啊？我们是今天还是明天出去买东西啊？表地点：in China, at the airport I saw a student in the classroo
12、m.我在教室里看见一个学生我在教室里看见一个学生我在教室里看见一个学生我在教室里看见一个学生表原因: because, as, for, since他因为生病所以今天没有去上学他因为生病所以今天没有去上学他因为生病所以今天没有去上学他因为生病所以今天没有去上学 Because he was ill, he didnt go to school today.表结果：to+do, v+ing, 从句那个男孩从树上掉下来了，头撞到地上了那个男孩从树上掉下来了，头撞到地上了那个男孩从树上掉下来了，头撞到地上了那个男孩从树上掉下来了，头撞到地上了The boy fell off the tree, st
13、riking his head against the ground.表目的:in order to, in order that, for the purpose为了考入一个更好的学校，我必须更加努力为了考入一个更好的学校，我必须更加努力为了考入一个更好的学校，我必须更加努力为了考入一个更好的学校，我必须更加努力In order to get into a better school, I must study even harder .表条件: as/so long as, if, unless,只要努力学习，你就会取得好成绩只要努力学习，你就会取得好成绩只要努力学习，你就会取得好成绩只要
14、努力学习，你就会取得好成绩As long as you study hard, you can get a high mark.表让步: in spite of, despite, although, though他虽然不认识我，但却帮了我他虽然不认识我，但却帮了我他虽然不认识我，但却帮了我他虽然不认识我，但却帮了我He helped me although he didnt know me.表程度: very, enough, to some extent那里的风景非常漂亮那里的风景非常漂亮那里的风景非常漂亮那里的风景非常漂亮The scenery there is very beautif
15、ul.表方式: like that, as, as if不要那样看我不要那样看我不要那样看我不要那样看我Dont look at me like that!表伴随状况：老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书The teacher came into the classroom, catching a book in his hand.with画出下列句子的状语画出下列句子的状语 I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late
16、 because he got up late.He got up so late that I missed the train.I waited to see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died, leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.consolidation指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：指出下列句子
17、划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. He i
18、s to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.9. His wish is to become a scientist.10. Do you have anything else to say?Five basic sentence pattern英语五大基本句型英语五大基本句型一一: (主主谓)二二: (主系表主系表)三三: (主主谓宾)四四: (主主谓间宾直直宾)五五: (主主谓宾宾补)1.(主主谓)是是不及物不及物动词1. The sun rose. 2. What he said does not matter. 3. They talked for half an
19、 hour. 2.+(系系动词)+(表表语) 1. The dinner smells good. 2. Everything looks different. 3. Our well has gone dry. 4. His face turned red. 3. S+V+O (V是及物动词是及物动词)例如：1. I saw a film yesterday.2. They built a house last year.3. You should look after your children well.4. S+V+O1+O2 (V是及物动词是及物动词)在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物
20、动词。常见的带有双宾语的动词有give, ask, bring, offer, send, pay, lend, show, tell, buy, get, rob, warn等。例：she ordered herself a new dress.she cooked her husband a delicious meal.5. S+V+O+C The war made him a soldier.New methods make the job easy.Tips：宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系a. b. c. d. e. 1. Please tell us a story. _2. S
21、he smiled. _3. His job is to train swimmers. _4. He noticed a man enter the room. _5. Please look at the picture. _dabec Practice Nobody went.She became a doctor.The car caught fire.I will write you a long letter.I will let him go. 主主 + 谓谓主主 + 系系 + 表表主主 + 谓谓 + 宾宾主主 + 谓谓 +间接宾语间接宾语 +直接宾语直接宾语主主 + 谓谓 +宾宾 + 宾补宾补Translate the following sentences into English1.你的故事听起来很有趣。2.我感到有一点累。3.我妹妹是在农村长大的。 4.这家医院创建于1950年。 5.他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。 6、他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。7、顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗？8、下学期谁教你们生物？9、他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净10、什么促使你这样想的？Thank you !
