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1、Period Two Word power & Grammar and usagePart Grammar名词性从句在在句句子子中中起起名名词词作作用用的的各各种种从从句句,统统称称为为名名词词性性从从句句。根根据据它它们们在在句句中中所所起起的的语语法法作作用用,这这类类从从句句分分别别称称为为主主语语从从句句、宾宾语语从从句句、表表语语从从句句和和同位语从句。同位语从句。n语法精析一、名词性从句的分类一、名词性从句的分类1.主语从句主语从句(1)主主语语从从句句在在复复合合句句中中作作主主句句的的主主语语。引引导导主主语语从从句句的的词词有有:连连词词that,whether;连连接接代代
2、词词who,that,which;连连接接副副词词when,where,how,why等。其中等。其中that不作句子成分。不作句子成分。What he wants is a book.他想要的是一本书。他想要的是一本书。When we shall have our sports meet is still a question.我们什么时候开运动会还是个问题。我们什么时候开运动会还是个问题。(2)主主语语从从句句可可以以直直接接放放在在句句首首,也也可可用用it作作形形式式主主语语,而而将将从从句句放放在在句句末末。常见的用常见的用it作形式主语的复合结构有:作形式主语的复合结构有:A.It
3、 is名词名词that从句从句It is a fact(a shame,a pity,no wonder,good news.)that.B.It is形容词形容词that从句从句It is necessary(strange,important,wonderful,possible,likely.)that.这类主语从句中,谓语动词多数用这类主语从句中,谓语动词多数用(should)动词原形。动词原形。C.It is过去分词过去分词that从句从句It is said(reported,decided.)that.D.It不及物动词不及物动词that从句从句It seems(happened
4、,doesnt matter,has turned out.)that.It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.众所周知,光沿直线传播。众所周知,光沿直线传播。It is a pity that he should not attend the important meeting.真是遗憾,他居然没来参加这个重要的会议。真是遗憾,他居然没来参加这个重要的会议。It is likely that he will win the game.他可能会赢得这场比赛。他可能会赢得这场比赛。注意:如果带主语从句的句子是疑问句式,则需用
5、注意:如果带主语从句的句子是疑问句式,则需用it作形式主语。作形式主语。Is it true that he is the girls father?他是那女孩的父亲是真的吗?他是那女孩的父亲是真的吗?即时跟踪即时跟踪1完成句子完成句子1. is certain now.足球赛将会推迟一事现在已经确定。足球赛将会推迟一事现在已经确定。2. is still a question.他是否会来仍然是个问题。他是否会来仍然是个问题。3. was very inspiring.他在会上说的话非常鼓舞人心。他在会上说的话非常鼓舞人心。4. he will attend the meeting or no
6、t.他是否会参加会议无关紧要。他是否会参加会议无关紧要。5. the novel has been translated into many foreign languages.据说这部小说已经被翻译成了多种外语。据说这部小说已经被翻译成了多种外语。答案That the football match will be put offWhether he will come or notWhat he said at the meetingIt makes no difference whetherIt is reported that2.宾语从句宾语从句(1)宾宾语语从从句句在在复复合合句句中中
7、起起宾宾语语的的作作用用,可可以以作作动动词词的的宾宾语语,也也可可以以作作介介词词的的宾宾语语,引引导导宾宾语语从从句句的的词词有有:连连词词that(不不作作句句子子成成分分),if,whether;连连接接代代词词who,whose,what,which;连连接接副副词词when,where,how,why等。等。宾宾语语从从句句跟跟在在动动词词think,believe,suppose,expect等等表表示示“想想,认认为为”的的动动词词后后时时,句句子子的的否否定定体体现现在在主主句句上上;在在believe,think,expect,say,suppose等等动动词词后后,可可用
8、用so代代替替一一个个宾宾语语从从句句,代代指指上上文文涉涉及及的的事事。在在hope,believe,be afraid等后,可用等后,可用not代替一个否定意义的宾语从句。代替一个否定意义的宾语从句。I dont know where the post office is.我不知道邮局在哪里。我不知道邮局在哪里。Do you think it will snow?I hope so/not.你看会下雪吗?你看会下雪吗?但愿会但愿会/不会下。不会下。宾语从句的时态:宾语从句的时态:当当主主句句是是现现在在或或将将来来时时态态时时,从从句句时时态态不不受受主主句句时时态态影影响响;当当主主句句
9、是是过过去去时时态态时时,从从句句时时态态、一一般般用用表表示示过过去去的的某某种种时时态态;当当宾宾语语从从句句叙叙述述某某一一客客观真理观真理(事实事实)时,宾语从句的时态用一般现在时,不受主句时态的影响。时,宾语从句的时态用一般现在时,不受主句时态的影响。Do you know when the ancient games began?你知道古代奥运会是什么时候开始的吗?你知道古代奥运会是什么时候开始的吗?she explained (that) she had been ill.她解释说她病了。她解释说她病了。she said (that) her father is 28 years
10、 older than her.她说她父亲比她大她说她父亲比她大28岁。岁。(2)如如果果宾宾语语从从句句后后面面有有宾宾语语补补足足语语,要要使使用用形形式式宾宾语语it,而而将将从从句句放放到到补补足足语语后后面面;在在think,believe,suppose,expect等等动动词词之之后后的的宾宾语语从从句句中中,如如果果从从句句谓谓语语是是否否定定含含义义,则则从从句句不不用用否否定定形形式式,而而将将主主句句谓谓语语动动词词think等等变变为为否否定定形形式式;在在think,believe,imagine,suppose,guess,hope等等动动词词以以及及Im afra
11、id后后,可可用用so代代替替一一个个肯肯定定的的宾宾语语从从句句,用用not代代替一个否定的宾语从句;宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。替一个否定的宾语从句;宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。I thought it strange that he failed to call me.我觉得奇怪,他没给我打电话。我觉得奇怪,他没给我打电话。I dont think you are right.我想你是不对的。我想你是不对的。Do you believe it will clear up?I believe so.I dont believe so./I believe not.你认为天气会转晴吗?你
12、认为天气会转晴吗?我认为会这样。我认为会这样。/我认为不会这样。我认为不会这样。即时跟踪即时跟踪2完成句子完成句子1.The teacher told us that .老师告诉我们汤姆已经离开去美国了。老师告诉我们汤姆已经离开去美国了。2.The teacher said that .老师说地球绕着太阳转。老师说地球绕着太阳转。3.I fit for the job.我认为你不适合这项工作。我认为你不适合这项工作。4.I they talk with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。答案Tom had left for
13、 Americathe earth goes around the sundont think you arehate it when 3.表语从句表语从句表表语语从从句句在在复复合合句句中中作作句句子子的的表表语语。引引导导表表语语从从句句的的词词有有:连连词词that(不不作作句句子子成成分分),whether,as if;连连接接代代词词who,what,which;连连接接副副词词when,where,how,why等。等。The question is whether we should accept their invitation.问题是我们是否应该接受他们的邀请。问题是我们是否
14、应该接受他们的邀请。It looks as if it is going to rain.看起来天要下雨。看起来天要下雨。The reason for his absence was that he was ill.他缺席的原因是他生病了。他缺席的原因是他生病了。This is why we put off the meeting.这就是我们推迟会议的原因。这就是我们推迟会议的原因。注注意意:如如果果主主句句的的主主语语是是idea,advice,suggestion,order,request,requirement等等名名词词时时,表表语语从从句句的的谓谓语语应应用用虚虚拟拟语语气气,即即
15、“(should)动词原形动词原形”的形式。的形式。My suggestion is that one thousand trees (should) be planted along the riverbank.我的建议就是沿着河岸栽上我的建议就是沿着河岸栽上1 000棵树。棵树。即时跟踪即时跟踪3完成句子完成句子1.The fact is .事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。2.Thats just.那正是我想要的。那正是我想要的。3.Its just .这仅仅是因为他不认识她。这仅仅是因为他不认识她。4.The reason why he was late was
16、this morning.他迟到的原因是他今天早晨差一分钟而没有赶上那列火车。他迟到的原因是他今天早晨差一分钟而没有赶上那列火车。5.This is .这就是我们不同意的地方。这就是我们不同意的地方。答案that we have lost the game what I wantbecause he doesnt know herthat he missed the train by one minutewhere we disagree4.同位语从句同位语从句(1)同同位位语语从从句句一一般般跟跟在在某某些些名名词词(如如fact,idea,news,promise等等)的的后后面面用用以以
17、说说明明或或解解释释前前面面的的名名词词。引引导导同同位位语语从从句句的的词词有有:连连词词that(不不作作句句子子成成分分),whether;连连接接代代词词who,whom,what,which;连连接接副副词词how,when,where等。等。I had no idea that you were here.我不知道你曾在这儿。我不知道你曾在这儿。The story goes that William Tell killed the tyrant with arrow.传说威廉传说威廉泰尔用箭射死了暴君。泰尔用箭射死了暴君。(2)同位语从句与定语从句的辨析同位语从句与定语从句的辨析从
18、意义上讲:前者对名词加以补充说明;后者对名词进行修饰和限定。从意义上讲:前者对名词加以补充说明;后者对名词进行修饰和限定。从结构上讲:前者由连接词引导;后者由关系词引导。从结构上讲:前者由连接词引导;后者由关系词引导。从从内内涵涵上上讲讲:前前者者所所说说明明的的名名词词与与从从句句没没有有逻逻辑辑关关系系;后后者者所所限限定定的的名名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。引引导导同同位位语语从从句句的的连连接接词词不不可可省省略略;而而引引导导定定语语从从句句的的关关系系词词作作宾宾语语时时常可省略。常可省略。同同位位语语从从句句说说
19、明明的的名名词词大大都都是是抽抽象象名名词词;而而定定语语从从句句修修饰饰、限限定定的的名名词词则则没没有有限限制制。常常见见的的用用于于同同位位语语从从句句的的名名词词有有news(消消息息),fact(事事实实),idea(主意主意),thought(想法想法),hope(希望希望),order(命令命令)等。等。The news that they won the match is true.他们比赛获胜的消息是真的。他们比赛获胜的消息是真的。(同位语从句,同位语从句,news和从句没有逻辑关系和从句没有逻辑关系)The news that you told us yesterday i
20、s true.你昨天告诉我们的消息是真的。你昨天告诉我们的消息是真的。(定语从句,定语从句,news是是told的逻辑宾语的逻辑宾语)I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。我不知道他什么时候回来。(when引导的同位语从句引导的同位语从句)I still remember the day when he came back.我依然记得他回来的那一天。我依然记得他回来的那一天。(when引导的定语从句引导的定语从句)即时跟踪即时跟踪4翻译并判断下列句子是定语从句还是同位语从句翻译并判断下列句子是定语从句还是同位语从句1.I receive
21、d the message that he would come by plane.2.I received the message (that) you sent me.3.The suggestion (that) he put forward is to be discussed at the meeting.4.The suggestion that we should import more equipment from abroad is to be discussed at the meeting.答案我收到了他将乘飞机来的消息。我收到了他将乘飞机来的消息。(同位语从句同位语从句
22、)我收到了你发给我的消息。我收到了你发给我的消息。(定语从句定语从句)他提出的建议将在会上讨论。他提出的建议将在会上讨论。(定语从句定语从句)我们应从国外引进更多的设备这一建议将在会上讨论。我们应从国外引进更多的设备这一建议将在会上讨论。(同位语从句同位语从句)二、名词性从句中需要注意的问题二、名词性从句中需要注意的问题(一一)that引导的名词性从句引导的名词性从句1.当名词性从句是陈述句时,用当名词性从句是陈述句时,用that引导。引导。2.介词介词in和和except后接由后接由that引导的宾语从句时,引导的宾语从句时,that不能省略。不能省略。3.当当that引导主语从句时,引导主
23、语从句时,that不能省略。通常用不能省略。通常用it作形式主语。作形式主语。4.当当that引导宾语从句时,在非正式英语中,引导宾语从句时,在非正式英语中,that通常省略。通常省略。It is necessary and important that one should master the skills of operating computers so as to meet the need of a job.为了工作的需要,每个人都掌握电脑操作技巧是很有必要并且是很重要的。为了工作的需要,每个人都掌握电脑操作技巧是很有必要并且是很重要的。注意:注意: (1)that引导名词性从句时
24、不省略的几种常见情况:引导名词性从句时不省略的几种常见情况:当当that引引导导learn,suggest,agree,explain,mean,prove等等动动词词的的宾宾语语从句时,往往不省略。从句时,往往不省略。However,Carl Marx went on to explain that he was not too sure about two thingsthe grammar and some of the idioms.然而,卡尔然而,卡尔马克思继续解释道,他对语法和一些习语还不太有把握。马克思继续解释道,他对语法和一些习语还不太有把握。当主句谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入
25、语时。当主句谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时。When Marx got to England,he found,however,that his English was so limited that he couldnt go on with his common affairs.当马克思到了英国,他发现他的英语很有限以至于不能处理日常事务。当马克思到了英国,他发现他的英语很有限以至于不能处理日常事务。当当一一个个动动词词带带有有两两个个或或两两个个以以上上并并列列的的that引引导导的的宾宾语语从从句句时时,第第一一个个that可以省略,其余的可以省略,其余的that不可省略。不可省略。
26、He told me (that) his father had died and that he had to make a living alone.他告诉我他的父亲去世了,他不得不独自谋生。他告诉我他的父亲去世了,他不得不独自谋生。当宾语从句有当宾语从句有it作形式宾语时。作形式宾语时。Have you made it clear that the form is to be handed in by Friday?这个表格星期五之前上交你弄清楚了吗?这个表格星期五之前上交你弄清楚了吗?在直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开时。在直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开时。“Im glad to
27、 tell you,” the teacher said,“that you all passed the examination.”老师说:老师说:“我很高兴地告诉你们,你们全部通过考试了。我很高兴地告诉你们,你们全部通过考试了。”(2)whether或或if引导名词性从句时,只用引导名词性从句时,只用whether不用不用if的几种情况:的几种情况:引导主语从句位于句首时。引导主语从句位于句首时。引导表语从句时。引导表语从句时。引导同位语从句时。引导同位语从句时。引导宾语从句且前置时。引导宾语从句且前置时。作动词作动词discuss和介词的宾语时。和介词的宾语时。与与or not紧连时。紧
28、连时。与不定式连用时。与不定式连用时。The question is whether he should do it.问题是他是否应该做那件事。问题是他是否应该做那件事。I dont know whether or not he finally found his missing watch.我不知道他最后是否找到了丢失的手表。我不知道他最后是否找到了丢失的手表。即时跟踪即时跟踪5用适当的连接词填空用适当的连接词填空1.We have some doubt they can complete the work on time.2.The government gave the order al
29、l these houses (should) be pulled down in three weeks.3.My decision is all of us are to start at 7 oclock tomorrow morning.4.The question is she should have a low opinion of the test.5.Word came the President of the USA would inspect the army.答案whether/ifthatthatwhetherthat1.The most pleasant thing
30、of the rainy season is one can be entirely free from dust.(2016北京,北京,29)A.what B.thatC.whether D.why解解析析考考查查表表语语从从句句。句句意意为为:雨雨季季最最令令人人愉愉快快的的事事情情是是人人可可以以完完全全不不受受灰灰尘尘的的袭袭扰扰。分分析析句句子子结结构构可可知知is后后的的表表语语从从句句中中不不缺缺少少成成分分,且且句句意意完整,故选完整,故选B。n高考链接解析答案123456B解析答案2.Reading her biography,I was lost in admiration
31、 for Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.(2015陕西,陕西,19)A.what B.thatC.why D.how解解析析考考查查名名词词性性从从句句。句句意意为为:读读了了多多丽丽丝丝莱莱辛辛的的传传记记,我我对对她她在在文文学学上上获获得得的的成成就就钦钦佩佩不不已已。分分析析句句子子结结构构可可知知,介介词词for后后接接的的是是宾宾语语从从句,从句中缺少句,从句中缺少achieve的宾语,故用的宾语,故用what引导。引导。123456A解析答案3.I wonder Mary has kept her figure after al
32、l these years.By working out every day.(2015福建,福建,29)A.where B.howC.why D.if解解析析考考查查宾宾语语从从句句的的连连接接词词。句句意意为为:我我想想知知道道玛玛丽丽这这些些年年是是如如何何保保持持了了那那么么好好的的身身材材。通通过过每每天天锻锻炼炼。根根据据回回答答by doing可可知知问问的的是方式,故选是方式,故选B。123456B解析答案4.Grandma pointed to the hospital and said,“Thats I was born.”(2014四川,四川,2)A.when B.how
33、C.why D.where解解析析考考查查表表语语从从句句。句句意意为为:奶奶奶奶指指着着那那个个医医院院说说:“那那就就是是我我出出生生的的地地方方。”由由题题干干中中“the hospital”可可知知,此此处处指指“我我出出生生的的地地方方”,故故用用where引导表语从句。引导表语从句。123456D解析答案5.It remains to be seen the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.(2013陕西,陕西,20)A.that B.whichC.what D.whether解解析析句句意意为为:新新
34、成成立立的的委委员员会会提提出出的的方方针针能能否否实实行行还还有有待待观观察察。It作作形形式主语,式主语,whether引导的从句是真正的主语。引导的从句是真正的主语。123456D6.Weve offered her the job,but I dont know shell accept it.(2011山东,山东,33)A.where B.whatC.whether D.which解析解析考查宾语从句的连接词。句意为:我们给她提供了那份工作,但考查宾语从句的连接词。句意为:我们给她提供了那份工作,但我不知道她是否会接受。我不知道她是否会接受。where哪儿;哪儿;what什么;什么;whether是否;是否;which哪哪一个。只有一个。只有whether符合句意,故选符合句意,故选C。123456C解析答案