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1、专题专题6 6正反解读动词和动词短语正反解读动词和动词短语专题专题6 6 正反解读动词和正反解读动词和动词短语动词短语专题专题6 6 高考链接高考链接高考链接1 1 福建卷福建卷 Id prefer to_ my judgement Id prefer to_ my judgement until I find all the evidence.until I find all the evidence.A AshowshowB BexpressexpressC CpasspassD Dreservereserve 解析解析 D D考考查动词辨析。根据辨析。根据语境境“我在找到所有的我在找到所
2、有的证据据之前宁愿保留自己的判断。之前宁愿保留自己的判断。”可知可知选D。2湖北卷 Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful,but they may also_our thinking.Adirect BlimitCchange Dimprove解析 B考查动词辨析。句意:如果我们想要成功,知识和学习都是重要的,但是,它们也许也会限制我们的思维。direct指导,引导;change改变,变化;improve提高,改善。根据语境只有B项“限制”符合语义表达。专题专题6 6 高考链接高考链接3湖北卷 The
3、minister said,“We are ready for discussions with any legal parties,but well never_with criminals.”Anegotiate BquarrelCargue Dconsult解析 A考查动词辨析。句意:这个部长说,我们已经做好和那些合法党派进行讨论的准备了,但是我们是永远不会和那些犯罪的人谈判的。quarrel吵架,争吵;argue讨论,辩论,争辩;consult咨询,查阅。根据语境只有A项“谈判;协商”符合语义表达。专题专题6 6 高考链接高考链接4安徽卷 If you _ faults but you
4、 still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.Acome across Bcare about Clook forDfocus upon解析 A考查动词短语辨析。句意:如果你碰到有瑕疵的自行车,但是你仍然想买下它,就让店员降低价格。come across碰到,偶然遇到;care about关心,在乎;look for寻找;focus upon使集中于专题专题6 6 高考链接高考链接5福建卷 Born into a family with three brothers, David was_ to valu
5、e the sense of sharing.Abrought upBturned down Clooked afterDheld back解析 A考查动词短语辨析。句意:戴维家有三兄弟,所以他在成长过程中珍视分享意识。bring up意为“教育,成长”。专题专题6 6 高考链接高考链接专题专题6 6 考点归纳考点归纳 考点归纳 考点一常考的几类动词及短语考点一常考的几类动词及短语规则规则1 1:连系动词:连系动词特点:后面常接形容词或名词,此时动词没有进行时和被特点:后面常接形容词或名词,此时动词没有进行时和被动语态。连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下五种:动语态。连系动词按其所表示的意义可
6、分为以下五种:(1)(1)变化类,表事物发展变化的过程,如变化类,表事物发展变化的过程,如become, go, become, go, turn, grow, get, fall, cometurn, grow, get, fall, come等。等。(2)(2)感官类,表人体部位的感受,如感官类,表人体部位的感受,如feel, smell, taste, feel, smell, taste, looklook,soundsound等。等。(3)状态类,表事物所处的状态,如keep, remain, stand, lie, stay等。(4)外表特征类,表外表给人的印象,如appear,
7、seem, look等。(5)终止类,表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达“证实,变成”之意。专题专题6 6 考点归纳考点归纳 规则2:感官动词和使役动词(1)常考的感官动词有see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel等。感官动词的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作补足语,表达不同的含义。(2)常考的使役动词有make, have, let等。使役动词的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作补足语,表达不同的含义。专题专题6 6 考点归纳考点归纳 (2)某些及物动词转为不及物动词后,其主动形式表示被动意义。这类动词有:open(打
8、开,营业),close(关门),shut(关闭),cut(切割),weigh(重),act(上演)等。如:This shop opens much earlier than it used to.这家商店比过去开门更早了。专题专题6 6 考点归纳考点归纳 (3)某些不及物动词及短语,本身表被动含义,所以它们常用主动形式。这类动词及短语有:happen, occur, cost,come out(出版),turn up(被找到),come into being(产生),come to ones mind(想起),come into use(开始使用), turn out(证明是,结果是),com
9、e about(发生),break out(爆发),belong to(属于),come up(被提出), be worth(值得做), be to blame(受责备)等。如:The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century. 第一批用作英语教学的外语教材出版于18世纪。专题专题6 6 考点归纳考点归纳 (4)“主语系动词形容词不定式”句式中。当形容词说明主语具有某种特征,主语又充当不定式的逻辑宾语时,其中不定式要用主动形式表达被动意义。常用于
10、这一结构的形容词有:easy, hard, difficult, heavy, fit, expensive等。如:The physics problem is easy to work out.这道物理题很容易算出来。专题专题6 6 考点归纳考点归纳 规则3:主动形式表达被动含义的动词(1)某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示主语的某种属性特征,不用被动。这类动词有:sell, wash, write, last, read, wear等。如:This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long. 这种布耐洗而且耐用。专题专题6 6 考点归纳考点归纳 规则
11、4:接动名词作宾语的动词或短语常见的有:avoid, cant stand, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, give up, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, put off, resist, risk, suggest, admit, appreciate, deny, forbid等。如:The bird was lucky to escape being caught.这只鸟幸运地逃离了被捕获的命运。专题专题6 6 考点归纳考点归纳 规则5:接不定式作宾语的动词常见的有:afford, agree, aim, a
12、rrange, choose, decide, demand, determine, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse,want等。如:He cant afford to buy such an expensive car.他买不起这么贵的车。专题专题6 6 考点归纳考点归纳 规则6:既可接动词不定式又可接动名词的动词意义有明显区别的有:try to do(努力做), try doing(试着做); mean to do(打算), mean doing(意味着); cant help doing(忍不住做)
13、, cant help to do(不能帮助做); remember doing(记得做过), remember to do(记住去做); regret doing(后悔做过), regret to do(遗憾要去做); forget to do(忘记去做), forget doing(忘记做过); stop to do sth.(停下正做的事去做另外一件事), stop doing sth.(停止正在做的事); go on to do sth.(接着做另一件事), go on doing sth.(继续做某事)。专题专题6 6 考点归纳考点归纳 规则7:表示 “需要”意义的动词这类词既可直接
14、接动名词,也可接不定式的被动语态,但两者均可表示被动含义。它们是:need, want, require等。如:Your sick mother needs looking after.Your sick mother needs to be looked after.你病弱的母亲需要照顾。专题专题6 6 考点归纳考点归纳 规则8:接虚拟语气的动词有些动词表示“命令、建议、要求”等时,其后的宾语从句用should加动词原形,其中should常可省略。它们是:order, suggest, insist, advise, demand, request, require, propose等。如:
15、Our teacher requires this be done in no time. 我们老师要求这个立刻完成。专题专题6 6 考点归纳考点归纳 规则9:表示“计划未能实现”的动词此类动词常用过去完成式加不定式,或用过去式接不定式的完成式表虚拟语气,表达原来的计划未能实现。它们是:intend, mean, plan, hope, expect, think, want, suppose等。如:I had meant to leave on Monday, but have stayed on. 我本想星期一走的,但又留下来了。专题专题6 6 考点归纳考点归纳 规则10:现在表将来的动词
16、及短语这类动词(短语)常用一般现在时或现在进行时表将来。它们是:come, go, leave, start, arrive, move, begin, fall, stay, take off等。如:Your plane takes off at a quarter past two in the afternoon. 你的飞机是下午两点一刻起飞。专题专题6 6 考点归纳考点归纳 规则11:带介词to的动词短语带介词to的动词短语有:be(get)used to, lead to, devoteto, look forward to, stick to, object to, get dow
17、n to, adapt to等。当它们后面出现动词时,要用v. ing形式。如:Lets get down to doing the work.咱们开始着手工作吧。专题专题6 6 考点归纳考点归纳 规则12:使用替代词的动词类此类动词后面常接so/not作宾语,以此回答或代替前面的句子或主从复合句中的从句及谓语动词。这类动词有believe, guess, imagine, expect, hope, would like等。如:Will it rain this weekend?I expect so/not.专题专题6 6 考点归纳考点归纳 考点二以介词或副词为词源形成的常用动词短语使用频
18、率较高的这类动词有:call, cut, come, go, get, look, put, set, turn, take, pay, pick, make等。常见的介词或副词有:in, off, out, up, away, for, on, over等。1. 构成的动词短语有:throw away扔掉;put away把收拾好;give away捐赠,分发;carry away运走;run away 潜逃,跑开;go away 走开动词动词awayaway专题专题6 6 考点归纳考点归纳 2.构成的动词短语有:answer for负责;call for要求,需要;plan for打算,为
19、计划;hope for希望,期待;ask for索取,寻找;send for派人去请;go for努力获取;pay for偿还,赔偿;wait for等待; look for寻找3.构成的动词短语有:try on试穿;put on穿上,上演;have on穿着,戴着;pull on穿,戴;hold on不挂断,坚持,继续;carry on继续开展,坚持;keep on继续;go on继续;get on上(车),相处,进展;come on赶快动词动词forfor动词动词onon专题专题6 6 考点归纳考点归纳 4.构成的动词短语有:come over过来;hand over移交;go over仔
20、细检查,复习;get over克服,恢复;look over仔细检查;think over仔细考虑;take over接管;turn over翻转动词动词overover专题专题6 6 考点归纳考点归纳 5.构成的动词短语有:bring up抚育,培养;call up召唤,打电话给;come up走近,上来; cut up切碎; fix up修理;give up放弃;go up 上升,增长;grow up 长大;look up尊敬,向上看,查阅;make up虚构,弥补,组成,化妆;put up举起,搭建;pick up 捡起,(开车)接某人,偶然得到;set up建立,创(纪录); send
21、 up发射; show up 露面;turn up出现,把调高; take up占据,开始从事动词动词upup专题专题6 6 考点归纳考点归纳 6.构成的动词短语有:come out出来; go out出去,熄灭; look out向外看,留神,当心; walk out走出去; set out出发,开始; put out扑灭,生产; give out分发,用完; hand out分发; pick out挑选出; find out找出,发现; speak out大声地说; turn out生产,结果是; get out出去,离开; work out计算出,解决,实行,行得通; carry out
22、实现,执行; bring out拿出;start out 出发,动身动词动词outout专题专题6 6 考点归纳考点归纳 考点三以动词为词源形成的动词短语常见的这类动词有:break,die, call, cut, come, go, get, look, put, set, turn, take, pay, pick, make等。1.构成的动词短语有:break down失败,摧毁,发生故障,(身体)垮掉,分解;break out爆发;break through突破,突围;break off 中断,突然停止;break up打碎,结束,(指人群)散开,解散;break in闯入(不及物);
23、break into破门而入(及物);break away突然离开,逃脱,脱离breakbreak介词介词/ /副词副词专题专题6 6 考点归纳考点归纳 2.构成的动词短语有:bring about使发生;bring back拿回来,使恢复;bring down打倒,降低;bring in引进;bring out出版,生产,拿出;bring up培养,养育;bring over把带来3.构成的动词短语有:come in进来;come from 来自于;come about产生;come over过来; come out出来,出现,出版;come by从旁经过;come up上来,走近; com
24、e across偶遇;come along发生,进步;come after跟着来;come back回来;come around绕道而来;come down下来;come on快点,赶快bringbring介词介词 comecome介词介词/ /副词副词 专题专题6 6 考点归纳考点归纳 4.构成的动词短语有:cut in插嘴,插入;cut into切入;cut across抄近路;cut back减少;cut off切断;cut up切碎; cut away砍掉;cut down砍倒,削减;cut out剪取,剪掉;cut through通过,穿过5.构成的动词短语有:call after以
25、的名字来命名;call for要求;call back叫回,召回,回忆;call up使人想起,给某人打电话;call on号召,拜访(某人);call in (at)在某地稍作逗留,邀请;call off取消cutcut介词介词callcall介词介词/ /副词副词专题专题6 6 考点归纳考点归纳 6.构成的动词短语有:get about传播;get through到达,做完,通过,度过,打通(电话);get in进入,陷入;get on上(车),进展,融洽相处;get off下(车),下来;get out出去,离开;get over 克服;get across通过,被理解;get alon
26、g相处,进展;get away离开,脱身7.构成的动词短语有:give up放弃;give in屈服,投降; give away赠送,捐赠,无意中泄漏;give over移交,交出;give off放出,发出,排出;give out分发,散发,用完;give back归还getget介词介词/ /副词副词givegive介词介词/ /副词副词专题专题6 6 考点归纳考点归纳 8.构成的动词短语有:go along进展,前进;go around流传,传播;go away离去,走开;go beyond超过;go by(时间)过去,流逝;go down下降;go up上升;go for喜欢;go o
27、ff离开,停止;go on继续,发生;go over复习,温习;go through经历,穿过9.构成的动词短语有:look after照顾,照料;look away把目光移开;look around环顾;look at看;look down朝下看;look for寻找;look into调查;look out向外看,当心;look over仔细检查;look through浏览,检查;look up向上看,查阅gogo介词介词/ /副词副词looklook介词介词/ /副词副词专题专题6 6 考点归纳考点归纳 10.构成的动词短语有:turn around/round(使)向后转,回头,转身
28、;turn against(使)反对(某人);turn away转过脸去,拒绝;turn back往回走;turn down调低,关小,拒绝;turn in上缴,上交;turn into(使)变成;turn off关掉;turn on打开;turn out熄灭,生产;turn over翻过来;turn to求助于,转向;turn up调高,到达,出现turnturn介词介词/ /副词副词专题专题6 6 考点归纳考点归纳 11.构成的动词短语有:put aside把放在一边,积蓄;put away把收拾好,积蓄;put back把放回原处;put down放下,记下,镇压;put forward
29、提出(建议);put in放进;put off推迟,拖延;put on穿上,戴上,增加,上演;put out生产出,出版;put up举起,张贴,搭建,安排住宿putput介词介词/ /副词副词专题专题6 6 考点归纳考点归纳 12.构成的动词短语有:be dressed in穿着;be fond of 爱好,喜爱;be lost in沉溺于;be located in位于;be addicted to沉溺于;be/get used to习惯于;be curious about对好奇;be engaged in忙于;be convinced of确信,认识到;be/become aware o
30、f知道;be worried about担心be/get/becomebe/get/become过去分词过去分词/ /形容词介词形容词介词 专题专题6 6 考点归纳考点归纳 13.构成的动词短语有:add up to合计达;break away from从脱离;come up with想出,提出;catch up with赶上;get down to开始认真地做;go in for参加,追求;keep away from远离;keep up with跟上;date back to追溯到;put up with忍受,容忍;run out of用完;watch out for当心;look dow
31、n upon/on瞧不起;go ahead with开始,着手;go along with一起去,同意;hold on to坚持动词副词介词动词副词介词专题专题6 6 考点归纳考点归纳 专题专题6 6 反面解读反面解读反面解读1 1【误】【误】 The mixture is tasted terrible.【正】【正】 The mixture tastes terrible. 解析解析 连系系动词无被无被动语态。2【误】 After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane took over her job as a doctor
32、in the countryside.【正】 After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane took up her job as a doctor in the countryside.解析 对take up的意思掌握不全面,不知道该短语除了表示“占用”之意外,还可以表示“开始从事”。专题专题6 6 反面解读反面解读4【误】 They have become friends since they met in Shanghai.【正】 They have been friends since they met in Shang
33、hai.解析 不能区分延续性动词和短暂性动词的使用特点。since主句的动词必须是延续性的。专题专题6 6 反面解读反面解读3【误】 He cant be at home now, for I saw him work out in the gym just now.【正】 He cant be at home now, for I saw him working out in the gym just now.解析 不能正确区分用作宾语补足语的非谓语形式。此处根据语境应选择see sb. doing结构。专题专题6 6 反面解读反面解读5【误】 In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained sticking abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.【正】 In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained stuck abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.解析 不能正确掌握动词remain的使用特点。此处remain 用作系动词,接过去分词作表语,表示主语所处的状态或已经发生的被动动作。专题专题6 6 反面解读反面解读