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1、定语从句定语从句0000定义及其作用：定义及其作用：定语从句是又称定语从句是又称形容词性从句形容词性从句,在句子在句子中起定语作用中起定语作用,修饰一个名词或代词修饰一个名词或代词,有有时也可修饰一个句子时也可修饰一个句子.受定语从句修饰的受定语从句修饰的词叫先行词词叫先行词.定语从句可分为：限制性定定语从句可分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。语从句和非限制性定语从句。定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面，所以如果在名词或代词后面出现后面，所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，根据它与前面名词或代词的一个从句，根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定
2、语从句。逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从句。引导定语从句关系代词的用法：引导定语从句关系代词的用法： thatwhichwhowhomwhose 1.that在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物 1)Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.（ 主语）主语）2)ThenoodlesthatIcookedweredelicious.（宾语）（宾语）3)Letsaskthemanthatisreadingthebookoverthere.（）4)ThegirlthatwesawyesterdayisJimsister.（ ） 主语主语宾语宾语2. Which 在从句中
3、作主语或宾语，指物在从句中作主语或宾语，指物1)Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidntneedmuchwater. ( )( )3.who whom 在从句中分别作主语和宾在从句中分别作主语和宾语语 ( (口语中口语中whowho也可作宾语也可作宾语) )1)TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.（ ）2)Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh. （ ）2)TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledMichael.（ ） 主语主语宾语宾语主语主语主语主语Theb
4、ossinwhosecompanymyfatherworkedisaverykindperson.Hewroteabookinwhichthiseventwasmentionedindetails.Whicha.可以引导非限制性定语从句可以引导非限制性定语从句Mysistergavemeadeterminedlook,whichsaidthatshewouldntchangehermind.b.可以指代前面整个句子可以指代前面整个句子Wedefeatedallouropponentsinthebasketballmatch,whichwasconsideredthemostexcitingne
5、wsthisterm. 关系代词关系代词whose, whichwhose, which可以在从句中与它可以在从句中与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语所修饰的词一起作介词宾语NOTE关系副词when,where,why引导的定语从句October 1, 1949 is the day when(=on which) the Peoples Republic of China was founded.Ill never forget the time when(=during which) we worked on the farm.Do you remember the afternoon when
6、(=on which) we first met three years ago?whereThis is the place wherewhere (=at /in which) we first met.The hotel where where (=in which) we stayed wasnt very clean.I recently went to the town wherewhere (=in which) I was bornwhyI didnt get a pay rise, but this wasnt the reason why (=for which) I le
7、ft.The reason why (=for which) he was late was that he missed the train.修饰物体时关系代词修饰物体时关系代词that和和 which的区分的区分使用使用that的情况：的情况：1.当先行词是当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代词时。等不定代词时。e.g. Do you have anything that is important to tell me?2.当先行词被当先行词被all, any, some, no, not, every, each等修饰时。等修饰
8、时。 e.g. I have some books that are very good.3.当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。修饰时。e.g. This is the first book that I bought myself. The biggest bird that I caught is this bird. 4.主句是以主句是以which或或who开头的特殊开头的特殊疑问句时疑问句时e.g. Which is the bike that you lost?Who is the woman that was praised at the me
9、eting.5.当先行词在从句和主句中都作表当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时语时,无论先行词是人还是物无论先行词是人还是物.China is no longer the country that she was.6.如有两个定语从句如有两个定语从句,其中一个已用其中一个已用which引导引导,另一个宜用另一个宜用that .Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.7.在在there be句型中句型中,只用只用that.He asked for the latest book
10、(that) there is on the subject.8.当先行词被当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时。等词修饰时。e.g. This is the very book that I lost yesterday.9.当先行词又有人又有物时当先行词又有人又有物时。e.g. I wont forget the things and the persons that I saw.只能使用只能使用which的情况。的情况。1、非限制性定语从句中、非限制性定语从句中。e.g. Mary has a book, which is v
11、ery precious.2、在介词之后、在介词之后。e.g. This is a house in which lives an old man.3、当主句中的主语被、当主句中的主语被that修饰时修饰时。e.g. That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.Fill in the blanks with suitable relative pronouns.1. This is the only book _ I got last year.2. Is this the book in _ you are interested?
12、3. This is the largest animal _ Tom saw in the zoo.thatwhichthatExercises.4. Rose still remembers the trees and teachers_ exist (存在存在)in the mother school.5. All the desks _ are bought look really wonderful.6. Do you have any money _is used to build the factory?7. Tom has a toy, _was given by his fa
13、ther.8. This is the second watch _ my father bought for me. thatthatwhich thatthat修饰人时关系代词修饰人时关系代词that 和和who, whom的的区分。区分。当主句中的主语是当主句中的主语是who时，只能用时，只能用that。e.g. Who is the girl that is standing over there?在非限制性定语从句中以及介词后面时在非限制性定语从句中以及介词后面时只能用只能用who 或者或者whom。e.g. I have a son, who is really lovely an
14、d interesting.There are 40 students in the class, most of whom are boys.关系代词关系代词whose既能修饰既能修饰人人，也能修饰，也能修饰物物，在定语从句中充当，在定语从句中充当定语定语，修饰先，修饰先行词行词。e.g. She is the girl whose English sounds very beautiful.Mary has a very good dog, whose hair turns out white and black. 关系代词关系代词as与与which引导非限制性引导非限制性定语从句的区别定
15、语从句的区别.1.位置位置:as从句可在主句前或主句后从句可在主句前或主句后,而而which从句只可在主句后从句只可在主句后.2.意义意义:as从句常是一些固定结构从句常是一些固定结构,(如如as is known to all, as we expected, as everybody knows等等,而且译为而且译为”正如正如.,恰如恰如”.) the sameas, such as,和和一样一样. which从句多为对主句从句多为对主句的一种评价看法的一种评价看法,或者主从句之间形成或者主从句之间形成一种因果关系一种因果关系.He failed in the exam, which ma
16、de his parents angry.As we had expected, he failed in the exam.关系副词关系副词when, where, why的用法以及的用法以及与关系代词的区分。与关系代词的区分。关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当一个句子能够完整地表达一个语，当一个句子能够完整地表达一个意思时，我们就可以给这个句子加上意思时，我们就可以给这个句子加上特定的关系副词特定的关系副词。e.g. I wont forget the time when I got married.Have you still remember the
17、 days when we stayed together?This is the place where we had a good time.Is this the house where Mr Smith lives?I dont know the reason why he wont join us.Do you know the reason why he didnt come to sweep the classroom?关系副词关系副词when, where和关系代词和关系代词that, which的区分。请比较以下句子的区分。请比较以下句子：This is the park w
18、e visited last year.This is the park we held a birthday party.She wont forget the days she spent on the island.thatwherethatShe wont forget the days they stayed together.Thats the date we went to the college.Thats the date she wont forget forever.I like the time we lived together.I like the time we
19、had together.whenthatthatwhenthatExercises.Fill in the blanks with appropriate relative pronouns and adverbs. 1. Is this the room _ you cleaned last time? 2. Is this the room _ we lived before? 3. This is the garden _ they stayed for a night. 4. This is the garden _ they visited last time.thatwherew
20、herethat5. Tom has forgotten the day _ he left his home. 6. Tom has forgotten the day _ I told him last day. 7. She still remembers the year _ she found her first job. 8. She still remembers the year _ she spent in Jining.whenthatwhenthat关系副词关系副词when, where, why 和介词和介词+which之间的关系。关系副词之间的关系。关系副词when,
21、 where, why可以用适当的介可以用适当的介词词+which来替代。如：来替代。如：when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+which介词的位置非常灵介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。放在动词之后。e.g. 1. I wont forget the date when ( ) I was born.2. This is the flat where ( ) I lived. =3. I dont know the reason why ( ) he havent come today.4. Tom still remembers the days when ( ) they lived in Tianjin. This is the flat which I lived in.in whichon whichfor whichin which结束语结束语谢谢大家聆听！谢谢大家聆听！36
