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1、一、一、一、一、 高考试题说明高考试题说明高考试题说明高考试题说明 考试说明考试说明第二部分：英语知识运用第二部分：英语知识运用 第第二二节节：共共20 20 小小题题，每每小小题题1 1分分。在在一一篇篇200250200250词词的的短短文文中中留留出出20 20 个个空空白白，要要求求考考生生从从每每题题所所给给的的4 4个个选选项项中中选选出出最最佳佳选选项项，使使补补足足后后的的短短文文意意思思通通顺顺、前前后后连连贯贯、结构完整。结构完整。 本部分所需时间不超过本部分所需时间不超过1515分钟。分钟。考试说明考试说明 二、二、二、二、 完形填空完形填空完形填空完形填空题型的设计特点
2、和要素题型的设计特点和要素题型的设计特点和要素题型的设计特点和要素 完完完完形形形形填填填填空空空空是是是是根根根根据据据据话话话话题题题题和和和和上上上上下下下下文文文文的的的的关关关关联联联联，借借借借助助助助已已已已知知知知信信信信息息息息“ “重重重重现现现现文文文文意意意意的的的的过过过过程程程程” ”。考考考考查查查查考考考考生生生生对对对对语语语语篇篇篇篇意意意意义义义义理理理理解解解解的的的的连连连连贯贯贯贯性性性性和和和和使使使使用用用用词语的准确性。词语的准确性。词语的准确性。词语的准确性。 “ “完完完完形形形形” ”须须须须先先先先“ “完完完完意意意意” ”，即即即即
3、在在在在把把把把握握握握语语语语篇篇篇篇的的的的宏宏宏宏观观观观结结结结构构构构、领领领领会会会会其其其其主主主主旨旨旨旨大大大大意意意意及及及及各各各各个个个个段段段段落落落落大大大大意意意意的的的的基基基基础础础础上上上上，根根根根据据据据行行行行文文文文逻逻逻逻辑辑辑辑、句句句句子子子子结结结结构构构构和和和和词词词词语语语语的的的的含含含含义义义义，准准准准确确确确理理理理解解解解空空空空白白白白处处处处的的的的确确确确切切切切意义，以恢复语篇的完整。意义，以恢复语篇的完整。意义，以恢复语篇的完整。意义，以恢复语篇的完整。 空空空空白白白白出出出出的的的的词词词词语语语语要要要要么么么
4、么是是是是相相相相关关关关语语语语句句句句信信信信息息息息的的的的结结结结合合合合点点点点，要要要要么么么么是是是是句句句句式式式式结结结结构构构构连连连连接接接接点点点点，要要要要么么么么是是是是语语语语篇篇篇篇衔衔衔衔接的纽带。接的纽带。接的纽带。接的纽带。 这这这这一一一一点点点点从从从从答答答答案案案案的的的的选选选选项项项项中中中中可可可可以看出。以看出。以看出。以看出。1.完形填空选材设空情况完形填空选材设空情况文体文体设空设空参考给时参考给时05夹叙夹议夹叙夹议201506夹叙夹议夹叙夹议201507夹叙夹议夹叙夹议201508记叙文记叙文201509记叙文记叙文201510夹叙
5、夹议夹叙夹议201511夹叙夹议夹叙夹议2015三、三、 高考高考完形填空完形填空试题分析试题分析动词动词 形容词形容词 副词副词 名词名词/代代词词介词介词连词连词合计合计055464012006824501200791251220087236112009111052120107414222011913502202.完形填空选项涉及词类分布统计完形填空选项涉及词类分布统计单纯的语言知识的考查已逐渐淡化单纯的语言知识的考查已逐渐淡化单纯的语言知识的考查已逐渐淡化单纯的语言知识的考查已逐渐淡化整体与连贯性的原则日渐突出整体与连贯性的原则日渐突出整体与连贯性的原则日渐突出整体与连贯性的原则日渐突出
6、综合化语境化的因素越来越强综合化语境化的因素越来越强综合化语境化的因素越来越强综合化语境化的因素越来越强 单句与语篇的统一单句与语篇的统一单句与语篇的统一单句与语篇的统一形势与内容的统一形势与内容的统一形势与内容的统一形势与内容的统一语言知识与语言技能的统一语言知识与语言技能的统一语言知识与语言技能的统一语言知识与语言技能的统一 结结结结 论论论论 近年来，高考完形填空在朝着深层化及语境化方面挖掘，逐渐摒弃单纯的语法分析考查，这就增加了干扰项的迷惑性，因此只有借助上下文乃至全文的语境启示或限定，善于运用逻辑推理能力，才能准确作出判断。 完完形形填填空空的的材材料料虽虽是是一一篇篇从从完完整整语
7、语篇篇中中挖挖去去数数个个词词，造造成成间间隔隔性性的的语语意意空空白白，来来检检测测考考生生综综合合运运用用英英语语能能力力的的短短文文，但但其其句句子子总总是是按按照照特特定定的的逻逻辑辑关关系系，并并借借助助一一定定的的语语法法结结构构规规则则组组合合起起来来。词词语语之之间间、句句子子之之间间均均体体现现整整体体性性与与连连贯贯性性的的原原则则。在在选选题题时时要要先先通通览览全全文文、领领会会大大意意，概概略略地地了了解解文文章章的的体体裁裁、背背景景、内内容容、结结构构、情情节节等等等等，同同时时对对空空格要填的词可作试探性猜测。格要填的词可作试探性猜测。 完形填空完形填空的解题的
8、解题步骤步骤1 1、跳格阅读全文，初步掌握行文大意跳格阅读全文，初步掌握行文大意跳格阅读全文，初步掌握行文大意跳格阅读全文，初步掌握行文大意注重文章的第一句话注重文章的第一句话注重文章的第一句话注重文章的第一句话它是了望整篇文章的窗口它是了望整篇文章的窗口它是了望整篇文章的窗口它是了望整篇文章的窗口2 2 2 2、按照文章的行文逻辑，对应选项，选项入格、按照文章的行文逻辑，对应选项，选项入格、按照文章的行文逻辑，对应选项，选项入格、按照文章的行文逻辑，对应选项，选项入格3 3 3 3、复读全文验证答案、复读全文验证答案、复读全文验证答案、复读全文验证答案 高高高高考考考考完完完完形形形形填填填
9、填空空空空选选选选文文文文的的的的第第第第一一一一句句句句话话话话通通通通常常常常是是是是完完完完整整整整的的的的。该该该该句句句句往往往往往往往往就就就就是是是是主主主主题题题题句句句句（Topic Topic Topic Topic SentenceSentenceSentenceSentence），这这这这就就就就为为为为我我我我们们们们理理理理解解解解文文文文章章章章的的的的内内内内在在在在联联联联系系系系提提提提供供供供了了了了一一一一个个个个“ “窗窗窗窗口口口口” ”，它它它它的的的的句句句句意意意意往往往往往往往往为为为为全全全全文文文文提提提提供供供供中中中中心心心心信信信信
10、息息息息，能能能能直直直直接接接接概概概概括全文大意、揭示主题。括全文大意、揭示主题。括全文大意、揭示主题。括全文大意、揭示主题。 第第第第一一一一句句句句话话话话往往往往往往往往看看看看出出出出文文文文章章章章的的的的体体体体裁裁裁裁和和和和题题题题材材材材。选选选选文文文文如如如如是是是是记记记记叙叙叙叙文文文文，它它它它会会会会告告告告诉诉诉诉你你你你故故故故事事事事发发发发生生生生的的的的时时时时间间间间、地地地地点点点点、人人人人物物物物等等等等背背背背景景景景情情情情况况况况。这这这这些些些些信信信信息息息息有有有有助助助助于于于于你你你你理理理理解解解解好好好好全全全全篇篇篇篇大
11、大大大意意意意。充充充充分分分分重重重重视视视视首首首首句句句句的的的的标标标标示示示示作作作作用用用用，利利利利用用用用它它它它为为为为解解解解题题题题找到一个突破口，据此展开思维，争取开局胜利。找到一个突破口，据此展开思维，争取开局胜利。找到一个突破口，据此展开思维，争取开局胜利。找到一个突破口，据此展开思维，争取开局胜利。 完完形形填填空空的的解解题题过过程程实实际际上上是是语语篇篇逻逻辑辑关关系系逐逐渐渐明明晰晰的的过过程程，随随着着对对具具体体语语言言情情境境的的逐逐渐渐把把握握和和选选项项的的填填入入，文文章章意意义义也也逐逐渐渐趋趋于于明明确确。因因此此考考生生在在遇遇到到难难以
12、以对对付付的的空空格格时时，要要克克服服急急躁躁心心理理，试试从从多多角角度度分分析析，即即从从语语法法角角度度、词词语语角角度度、惯惯用用法法角角度度、文文化化背背景景角角度度、生生活活常常识识角角度度，上上下下文文角角度度等等来来进进行行分分析析，最最终终是是可可以以理理出出头绪来的。头绪来的。 复读全文是自我修正的过程复读全文是自我修正的过程只有复读才能验证答案只有复读才能验证答案复复读读的的过过程程必必须须在在选选项项入入空空的的前前提提下下进进行行只有验证才更加科学、高效只有验证才更加科学、高效验验证证后后你你才才能能更更有有把把握握，才才能能修修正正疏疏忽忽、才能提高得分率才能提高
13、得分率完形填空解题分类实例分析一一. 按词类分：按词类分： 1.实词实词 2.虚词虚词 3.词组词组二二. 按形式分：按形式分： 1.单纯性选择单纯性选择 2.常识性选择常识性选择 3.近义词选择近义词选择 4.近形词选择近形词选择 5.惯用法选择惯用法选择三三. 按句义选择按句义选择四四. 按语义选择按语义选择按词类分： 1.实词例1： Everyone wants to be healthy and happy. _1_, illness or accidents may occur without_2_.1.a.Obviously b.Unfortunately c.Naturally
14、d.Occasionally2.a.reason b.information c.warning d.notice按词类分： 1.实词例2:Over the last few years manufacturers have been_1_reducing the size and weight of video-cassette recorders to make the equipment more_2_.1.a.steadily b.constantly c.frequently d.essentially2.a.valuable b. portable(轻便的) c.selective
15、 d.economical按词类分： 2.虚词例3： _1_you have chosen an article to read, you will find the important general information_2_the key facts in the first few paragraphs.1.a.While b.Once c.As soon as d.Whenever2.a.with b.by c.for d.at例4：(词组) The English language serves about 250 million people,or about one tent
16、h of the worlds population,as a mother tongue._1_,it is more or less correctly used by_2_100 million,more as a secondary language,ranging_3_from the Pidgin English (混合语言)of the Islands of Melanesia to the almost perfect speech of cultured foreigners.1.a.However b.As a result c.in addition to d.In ad
17、dition2.a.at least b.at most c.most and least d.more than enough3.a.all the way b.by the way c.on the way d.in the way按形式分：1.单纯性选择例5： _1_methods have been used to_2_ the intelligence of every child-dull,bright,or normal.1.a.Valuable b.various c.Unique d.unusual2.a.measure b.describe c.illustrate d.r
18、ecognize按形式分：1.单纯性选择例6： _1_,no one was hurt in the accident,but some passengers suffered from_2_.1.a.Obviously b.Surprisingly c.Fortunately d.Unfortunately2.a.distress b.shock c.failure d.trouble按形式分：2.常识性选择例7: One of the most famous statues in the world stands on an island in New York Harbor. This
19、statue is,of course,the Statue of liberty ().The Statue of liberty is a(an)_1_who holds a_2_up high.1.a.man b.woman c.child d.old2.a.cane b.candle c.torch d.lamp按形式分：2.近义词选择例8:American school children can be seen every day_ white sneakers,blue sneakers,black sneakers and even red ones.1.a.putting on
20、 b.having on c.wearing d.dressing按形式分：2.近义词选择例9: The wounded soldier was unconscious but still_1_when taken to the hospital.1.a.living b.alive c.live d.lively按形式分：2.近义词选择例10: While some people think that sugar is the best_1_of_2_,others believe that sugar is bad for human health.1.a.origin b.source
21、c.resource d.cause2.a.power b.energy c.force d.strength按形式分：2.近形词选择例11: $500,000,000 is a small amount of money_1_the size of the market.1.a.considered b.consideration c.considerable d.considering按形式分：2.近形词选择例12: Its wonderful for the fact that the Chinese team won an unexpected gold_1_in Sydney,12
22、more than its previous best.1.a.metals b.medals c.models d.modals按形式分：2.惯用法选择例13: It suddenly_1_me that if we want to go on a picnic tomorrow we had better do some preparations this evening.1.a.hit on b.struck c.occurred d.drawn按形式分：2.惯用法选择例14: We were almost exhausted before we finally_1_sight of t
23、he dilapidated temple which was said to be one of the remains_2_back to the fifteen century B.C.1.a.held b.caught c.got d.took2.a.dating b.traced c.going d.returned按句义分：例15: Nearly three-quarters of the earth is covered_1_water.Water heats up more slowly than land,_2_once it has become warm it takes
24、 longer to fall_3_.1.a.on b.with c.in d.by2.a.so b.and c.then d.but3.a.down b.up c.apart d.behind按句义分：例16:A credit card is a _1_of identification_2_which the owner may obtain consumer creditfor the _3_of goods or services_4_than paycash.1.a.mean b.means c.methods d.ways2.a.by b.in c.through d.with3.
25、a. production b.possession c.purchase d.property4.a.better b.more c.rather d.right例17（按语义分）People of Burlington are are being disturbed by the sound of bells.Four students from Burlington College of High Education are in the bell tower of the_1_and have made up their minds to_2_the bells nonstop for
26、 two weeks as a protest against heavy trucks which run_3_through the narrow High Street.1.a.college b.village c.town d.church2.a.change b.repair c.ring d.shake3.a.now and then b.day and night c.up and down d.over and over一：近年完形填空一：近年完形填空 的命题的命题趋势趋势*1，突出语篇。，突出语篇。*2，试题题型稳定，选项独具匠心。，试题题型稳定，选项独具匠心。*3，辨析词
27、义，以实词为主。，辨析词义，以实词为主。*4，记叙文为主，且第一句不设空。，记叙文为主，且第一句不设空。*5， 生词量有增无减。生词量有增无减。*6，长句增加，句式灵活，结构复，长句增加，句式灵活，结构复 杂。杂。1，突出语篇突出语篇例例 (2005NMET)My sister and I grew up in a little village in England.Our father was a struggling 36 , but I always knew he was 37 . 36.A.biologist B.manager C.lawyer D.gardener37.A.str
28、ict B.honest C.special D.learned he never criticized us ,but used 38 (praise)to bring out our best father said: “when I was 23, my dad persuaded me to go into law”.2，试题题型稳定，选项设计独，试题题型稳定，选项设计独具匠心具匠心# 例：例：NMET(1)2005One afternoon I was sitting at my favorite table in a restaurant , waiting for the foo
29、d I had ordered to arrive .suddenly I 36 that a man sitting at a table near the window kept glancing in my direction , 37 he knew me. 36. A. knew B. understand C. recognize D.notice 37. A. since B. even if C. though D. as if 2，试题题型稳定，选项设计独，试题题型稳定，选项设计独具匠心具匠心NMET2004(She said she had a story to tell
30、me-a postal letter carrier) About six months 3 it seemed that I had 4 a letter to her which had her street 5 on it but was addressed to another house with the 6 number on a different street in the neighborhood. 3. A.after B.earlier C.later D.ago 4. A.sent B.written 5. C.delivered D. given 5. A mark
31、B.sign C.board D.number 6. A.correct B.wrong 7. C.same D.different 6.长句增加，句式灵活，结构复杂。长句增加，句式灵活，结构复杂。例：例：NMET(1)2005 (when I was waiting my food in a familiar restaurant) The man had a news paper 38 in front of him ,which he was 39 to read , but I could 4 0 that he was keeping an eye on me .When the w
32、aiter brought my 41 the man was clearly puzzled by the 42 way in which the waiter and I 43 each other . 38.A.flat B. open C.cut D.fixed 39. A.hoping B. thinking C.pretending D.continuing 40. A. See B. find C.guess D.learn 41. A.menu B.bill C.paper D. food 42. A. direct B.familiar C. strange D.funny
33、43. A.Chatted with B. looked at C.laughed at D.talk about 灵活的解题技巧灵活的解题技巧1.照应照应 ，瞻前顾后联系全文。，瞻前顾后联系全文。2. 积累，掌握积累，掌握 固定搭配固定搭配的用法与的用法与同义词同义词 的辨析。的辨析。3.分清逻辑关系分清逻辑关系，注意文中分类、对比、，注意文中分类、对比、 从属、并列等关系所用的词语。从属、并列等关系所用的词语。4. 化简句子化简句子，突破长句的理解。，突破长句的理解。5.充分利用你的充分利用你的常识常识。1.照应：照应：充分利用文章的结构，上下文和充分利用文章的结构，上下文和前后句，找到对
34、选择有提示作用的词或句。前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。有时可能是同义词，有时可能是反意词。有时可能是同义词，有时可能是反意词。1）Travellingwest,yousetyourclock7;travellingeast,yousetitaheadTravelling15todaybecomesyesterday;travellingwestitistomorrow.7.A.behindB.forwardC.backD.ahead15.A.southB.eastC.northD.west2）Sotheslavewaspardonedand50.A.killedB.richC.happ
35、yD.freed3）Manyoldpeopledonthavegood_13_.TheycantwatchTV,buttheycanlistentomusicornewsovertheradio.A.hearingB.healthC.eyesightD.time2.积累：积累：固定搭配固定搭配包括介词与动词包括介词与动词的搭配、动词与宾语的搭配以及的搭配、动词与宾语的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等。要根据形容词与名词的搭配等。要根据内容选择正确的短语。内容选择正确的短语。1)Theyspendmillionsofdollarsyearly_2_newspapersandmagazinesA.in
36、B.toC.onD.for2)Tomtoldwhathesawtothemananditwasntlong_thepolicecaughtthethief.A.thatB.beforeC.untilD.then3)SomepeopleinIndiadonoteatmeatorfish_6_.A.afterallB.intheendC.atallD.nolonger2.积累（注意积累（注意词语的辨析词语的辨析）1)SoonIhearda_likethatofadoorburstin,andthenaclimboffeet.A.soundB.cryC.voiceD.from2)2)Tomyhorr
37、or,Isaw,_myfathersshoulder,agorilla,A.onB.aboveC.overD.form3)Givemeahand,heshouted_hegotneartheboat.A.whileB.tillC.forD.as3.根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项。根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项。1)andtheofficersthenbegantoeattheirmeal,sayingthatthemushroomshadaverystrange_8_quitepleasanttaste.A.besidesB.butC.andD.or2)Atransistorradioissome
38、timesverysmall.Itisveryeasytocarry_11_,radiobroadcastsarebetterforblindpeople.A.BesidesB.HoweverC.YetD.Sometimes4.简化句子，突破长句。简化句子，突破长句。1)He is a great chatter 48 (as well). If he did not know them, he would greet them with a few 49 about the weather , 50 he did know them , he would ask about their fa
39、milies or make 51 , always cutting his cloth 52 his customers. (MNET2005江西卷）江西卷）49. A.Saying B.questions 50. C.words D.speeches 50. A.and then B.and so 51. C.even if D.but if52.51. A.Preparations B.jokes 53. C.repairs D.friends 54.52. A.according to B.due to 55. C.instead of D.up to 1),becausetheear
40、th_2_twenty-fourtimezones,onehourapart.A.givesB.isC.isdividedintoD.shows2)There.1350feetabovethestreet,a_figurewaswalkingonair.A.greatB.strangeC.publicD.tinny3)Theringhadfallenofandbeendamagedinthegreat_ofthefire.A.pileB.heatC.powerD.pressure5.充分利用生活常识以及相关知识。充分利用生活常识以及相关知识。为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分较多?1.没有严格遵循
41、答题步骤没有严格遵循答题步骤:2. 多数同学考试时担心时间紧多数同学考试时担心时间紧,在没有在没有弄清短文的中心和文章的情节线索的情况下弄清短文的中心和文章的情节线索的情况下匆忙答题匆忙答题.事实上我们用在这一题上的时间事实上我们用在这一题上的时间可以达到可以达到15-16分钟分钟.3. 切记切记:一定要用一定要用2-3分钟时间进行分钟时间进行缺词阅缺词阅读读,弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空填空.2. 不注意积累答题不注意积累答题技巧技巧: a. 忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系; b. 遇到长句不注意分析句子结构遇到长句不
42、注意分析句子结构,在语义模糊在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择.4)Theworldspopulationisbecoming_7_.A.fasterandfasterB.moreandmoreC.largerandlargerD.moreterrible5)Thecity(Washington)wasnamed_13_GeorgeWashington,thefirstpresidentoftheUnitedStates.A.byB.forC.asD.afterCD4）They10potatoesindifferentways.Theycanboiltheman
43、dfrythem.A.cookB.eatC.makeD.take5）ManyAfricansarevery14andsotheycantaffordtoeatmuchmeatwiththeircereal.A.healthyB.poorC.richD.week6)Thesefloatingthingsarevery18.Itishardtoseethem.A.bigB.fastC.tinnyD.dangerous7)Theinsideoftheearthisvery1.Therockhasmeltedlikeice.A.deepB.coldC.hardD.hotABCD8)Thewatch,w
44、hichMrs.Smithhad_1_onthetableasshestartedherlecture,disappeared.A.seenB.droppedC.foundD.laid9)Getupearliertomorrow!Anyway,gotoyour_9_atcounter.Wellbeopeninginafewminutes.A.businessB.jobC.placeD.spot10)Onceshe(chimpanzee)wasputina_1_withfoodhangingfromtheceiling.Itwastoohighto2.1.A.caveB.zooC.roomD.m
45、useum2.A.pullB.seeC.eatD.reach7)Itwasapleasantwayofpassingtimeforanoldwomanwholived_.A.lonelyB.aloneC.awayD.busily8)Thebackdoorandthewindowswerealllockedandtherewasno_offorcedentry.A.sceneB.showC.signD.sight9)Jenkinswasajeweler,whohadmadealargediamondringworth57,000fortheSilkstoneJewelleryShophemade
46、acopyofitwhichlookedexactlylikethefirstonebutworthonly2,000.Thishetooktotheshop,which_itwithoutaquestion.A.acceptedB.receivedC.refusedD.rejectedBCA4)(Should)thewallet,foundinthestreet,beputintoapocket_turnedovertothepoliceman?A.andB.orC.thenD.but5)He_losthisjobasapostman_hesentoffallthelettersheshou
47、ldhavetakentopeopleshouse.A.thus,evenifB.even,sothatC.once,becauseD.only,though6)youleaveitatpeacejustasyoufoundit._,animalwillbedisturbed.A.HoweverB.OtherwiseC.ThereforeD.Then7)Atfirstnothinghappened_suddenlyalargeratrushedoutofthehold,A.ThenB.AndC.OrD.So 特别提醒特别提醒: 完形填空试题的难度低于阅读理解完形填空试题的难度低于阅读理解试题的短文，并且短文原汁原味，试题的短文，并且短文原汁原味，内容贴近生活，读来朗朗上口，如内容贴近生活，读来朗朗上口，如果能细细咀嚼，我们不仅能从中欣果能细细咀嚼，我们不仅能从中欣赏和感悟到优美的语言而且也能习赏和感悟到优美的语言而且也能习得地道的英语。得地道的英语。
