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1、一般结构一般结构 to do 否定结构否定结构not to do 1. 作主语作主语2. 作宾语作宾语3. 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语4. 作定语作定语5. 作状语作状语6. 作表语作表语7. 作独立成分作独立成分8. 与疑问词等连用与疑问词等连用三三. 用法用法/ 功能功能To see is to believe.Its important to learn .(1). 主语主语不定式作主语时不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后往往放在谓语之后,用用it作形式主语作形式主语.My job to help the patient.Your task to clean the classroom.is
2、is(2). 表语表语I want to go home.The workers needed to get better pay.I found it necessary to talk to him again.(3) 宾语宾语think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope, refuse, learn, set outchoose, decide, agree, manage, pretend, plan. The teacher told me to clean the blackboa
3、rd.I expect you to give me some help.(4). 宾补宾补五看五看 watch see look at observe notice三使三使 let make have 二听二听 listen to hear一感觉一感觉: feelwarn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等等I made him do his work.He was made to do his work (by me).不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词如果这些介词前有行为动词do的的各种形式各
4、种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带相反则带to.(1). She could do nothing but cry.(2). I have no choice but to go.(3).What do you like to do besides sleep.I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do .He is looking for a room to live in .There is nothing to worry about.(5). 定语定语(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词如果不
5、定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词则不定式中要有介词.)不定式作定语时，应放在不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面被修饰词的后面，而，而且放在其他后置定语之后。且放在其他后置定语之后。1. 不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种三种关系：关系：(1)动宾关系动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。我有很多工作要做。 (2)主谓关系主谓关系 He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来。他总是第一个来。 (3)同位关系同位关系 We all have a chance to go to
6、college. 我们都有上大学的机会。我们都有上大学的机会。2. 不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，即使是及物动词，不定作的地点工具等，即使是及物动词，不定式后面仍须有式后面仍须有相应的介词相应的介词。 3. 不定式所修饰的名词如果是不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或或way，不定式后面的不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去介词习惯上要省去。 He had no money and no place to live. 他没钱没地方住。他没钱没地方住。请给我一支写字的笔请给我一支写字的笔.Please give me a pen to w
7、rite with.4. something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。注意比较：注意比较：1.Do you have anything to send?你有什么东西你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式要寄吗？（不定式to send的动作执行者是的动作执行者是you）2. Do you have anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？ （不定式（不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的的动作执行者是已被省略的me或或
8、someone else）I came here to see you.He got up early to catch the train.(6) 状语状语in order to , so as to ,enough to ,only to , too.to.,关于小品词关于小品词to (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要下文要 省略该动词省略该动词. eg: Would you like to go with me ? Id like to .(2). 不定式是不定式是to be 结构结构, be 不可省不可省. eg: Would you like to
9、be a teacher? Id like to be.不定式与疑问词不定式与疑问词who,which, when, how, what who,which, when, how, what 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。语、宾语等。He didnt know what to say. .他不知道说什么。他不知道说什么。( (宾语宾语) ) How to solve the problem is very important. .如何解决这个问题很重要。如何解决这个问题很重要。( (主语主语) ) My question is wh
10、en to start. .我的问题是什么时我的问题是什么时候开始。候开始。( (表语表语) )注意：注意：在与在与whywhy连用时，只用于连用时，只用于whywhy或或why notwhy not开头的简开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带toto。 Why not have a rest?固定句型:1.had better/had best + (not) do sth. 最好（不）做某事最好（不）做某事2.Why (not) do sth.?3.prefer to do/prefer doing4.prefer + n./doing A +t
11、o + n./doing B5.prefer + to do A rather than (to) do B6.would rather (not) do sth.7.would rather do A than (do) B8.would rather + 句子（过去式）句子（过去式） （虚拟语气）（虚拟语气） 要做要做1.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.A.giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up2.The Arctic is considered _ t
12、he northern part of the Atlantic.A.having been B. to have beenC. to be D. being3.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _.A.turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. having turned it off4. -What do you think of the school? -It is a very good _.school to study in B. school for ch
13、ildren to studyC. studying school D. school to study5.We find it impossible for us _ the work.A. to finish B. finishing C. being finished D. to be finished6._ a living, she had to work from morning till night.A.To make B. MadeC. Making D. To have made7. I would rather starve to death than _ for food.A.beg B. begging C. begged D. to beg8.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.A.reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read
