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1、第一课时第一课时叶绿体中的色素叶绿体中的色素ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHON
2、GNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航1.简述绿叶中色素的种类和作用。2.分析叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的吸收光谱。3.掌握绿叶中色素的提取和分离实验。ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SH
3、ULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂
4、演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航一二一、叶绿体中色素的提取和分离1.实验原理:叶绿体中的色素溶于有机溶剂而不溶于水,可用无水乙醇或丙酮等有机溶剂提取色素。各种色素在层析液中的溶解度不同,溶解度大的色素随层析液在滤纸上扩散得快,反之则慢,从而使各种色素相互分离。2.操作流程:提取色素(研磨过滤汁液收集)制滤纸条画滤液细线色素分离观察结果。ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN J
5、VJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透
6、析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航一二二、叶绿体色素的种类和功能 ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI S
7、HULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航一二在大部分时间里,我们所看到的绿色植物的叶片是什么颜色?为什么?提示:绿色。原因是叶片中有叶绿体,叶绿体中有叶绿素和类胡萝卜素,且叶绿素的含量远大于类胡萝卜素的含量,叶绿素主要吸收太阳光中的红橙光和蓝紫光,对绿光的吸收量很少,所以呈绿色。ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理
8、ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANL
9、I TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航121.叶绿体中色素的提取和分离(1)实验用到的材料及其作用。ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析
10、MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航12(2)色素的分离结果。特别提醒特别提醒(1)滤
11、纸条上色素带的宽窄和该色素的含量呈正相关,色素带越宽,该色素带代表的色素含量越多。(2)本实验中的长条滤纸可以改为圆形滤纸,在滤纸的中央滴一滴滤液,然后用一根浸有层析液的棉线的一端垂直接触滤液的中心位置,会得到近似同心的四个色素环,由内到外依次是黄绿色、蓝绿色、黄色、橙黄色。ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAOD
12、AOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航122.叶绿体中色素提取分离的异常现象分析(1)收集到的滤液绿色
13、过浅的原因分析:叶片颜色太浅;未加SiO2, 研磨不充分;使用放置数天的叶片,滤液色素(叶绿素)太少;一次加入大量的无水乙醇或丙酮,提取浓度太低(正确做法:分次加入少量无水乙醇或丙酮提取色素);未加CaCO3或加入过少,色素分子被破坏;研磨时间太长。(2)滤纸条色素带重叠:滤液细线不直;滤液细线过粗。(3)滤纸条看不见色素带:忘记画滤液细线;滤液细线接触到层析液,且时间较长,色素全部溶解到层析液中。ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知
14、识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DI
15、ANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航题型一题型二【例1】右图中代表新鲜菠菜叶的光合色素纸层析结果,则图所示结果最有可能来自于()A.水培的洋葱叶B.生长的柳树幼叶C.培养的衣藻D.秋冬季的银杏落叶解析:从两个滤纸条的层析条带上分析可知,滤纸条缺少了叶绿素a和叶绿素b的色素带,可能是选择的材料中缺少叶绿素。从4个选项分析,秋冬季的银杏落叶由于叶绿素分解,而呈现黄色,所以层析出的色素带最可能出现的情况。答案:DZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG
16、目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUI
17、TANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航题型一题型二【例2】右图是在“绿叶中色素的提取和分离”实验中得到的四条色素带,若将其置于暗室中,并用红橙光照射,色素带反射光线变暗的是()A.B.C.D.解析:用红橙光照射时,红橙光被吸收后,相应的色素带反射光线就会变暗。由于叶绿素能吸收红橙光,所以叶绿素a、叶绿素b反射光线变暗。答案:CZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONG
18、NAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOU
19、XI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航1 2 3 4 51叶绿体中有多种色素,可以用纸层析方法将它们分离。右图为纸层析结果示意图,其中是()A.叶绿素aB.叶绿素bC.叶黄素D.胡萝卜素答案:BZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JV
20、JIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航1 2 3 4 52下列关于“叶绿体色素提取和分离”的实验描述,不属于实验要求的是()A.提取植物叶绿体中的色素B.用纸层析法分离色素C.
21、了解各种色素的吸收光谱D.验证叶绿体中所含色素的种类解析:叶绿体色素提取和分离实验首先要提取色素,然后用纸层析法将色素分离,从而验证各种色素的种类和颜色。了解各种色素的吸收光谱不是该实验的要求。答案:CZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JV
22、JIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航1 2 3 4 53用纸层析法分离色素,在滤纸条上出现的最窄的一条色素带的颜色是()A.黄色B.橙黄色C.黄绿色D.蓝绿色解析:叶绿体中不
23、同色素的含量不同,四种色素中胡萝卜素含量最少,因此其对应的条带最窄;胡萝卜素的颜色为橙黄色。答案:BZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAO
24、HANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航1 2 3 4 54在进行叶绿体中色素的提取和分离的实验时不能让层析液触及滤液细线的原因是()A.滤纸上几种色素会扩散不均匀而影响实验结果B.滤纸上的滤液细线会变粗而使色素太分散C.色素会溶解在层析液中而使实验失败D.滤纸上的几种色素会混合
25、起来不分散解析:分离色素时,一定不要让滤纸条上的滤液细线触及层析液,这是因为色素极易溶解在层析液中,从而影响实验结果。答案:CZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI
26、典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航1 2 3 4 55阳光通过三棱镜能显示出七种颜色的连续光谱。如果将一瓶叶绿体色素滤液放在光源和三棱镜之间,连续光谱中就会出现一些黑色条带,这些条带应位于()A.绿光区B.红橙光区和绿光区C.蓝紫光区和绿光区D.红橙光区和蓝紫光区解析:由于叶绿素主要吸收红橙光和蓝紫光,对其他光吸收较少,故黑色条带应位于红橙光区和蓝紫光区。答案:D
