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1、一般过去时和现在完成时一般过去时和现在完成时区别辨析区别辨析Winter has already come,春天已经来了，春天已经来了， Will it still be far in spring? 冬天还会远么？冬天还会远么？Winter has already come现在现在 完成完成 时态时态现在完成时的含义：用来表示已经发生或完成的动作或状态，而其结果却和现在有联系：动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在。They They have lefthave left. .他们已经离开。也就是说他们现在人不在那里。I I have had have had my lunch.my l
2、unch.我几经吃午饭了，也就是说我现在不饿。 也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态 He He has learned has learned English since 2001.English since 2001. 从2001年开始学的，现在还继续学着呢。 现在完成时Past future now 一般过去时 一般过去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生的事情现在完成时表示的是从过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作、状态，或者发生在过去对现在造成的影响 现在完成时与一般过去时的比较（1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作； 现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强
3、调的是影响。 I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了） I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响，电影内容已经知道了）（2）一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用；现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语： yesterday, last week, ago, in 1990, in October, just now -具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语： for, since, so far, ever, never, yet, till/until, up to now, In the pas
4、t few years, recently, just -模糊的时间状语句子中如有过去的时间副词（如yesterday, last week）时， 不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.(3) 现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, study, work, know.一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有 come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等。 She joined the Le
5、ague three years ago. (加入的动作不是延续的） She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago). （在团内的状态可延续）She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago). (是团员的状态可延续）He went to Shanghai last week. 上周他【做了一件事：那就是】去了上海He has been to Shanghai. 他（曾经）去过上海。【在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历，但他人肯定
6、不是在上海而是回来了】He has gone to Shanghai.他已经去上海了【也许刚动身出发，也许已经到了，也许还在路上，反正他人不在这里】He has been in Shanghai for ten years.他人在上海迄今为止已经十年了【现在还在上海没有离开呢】辨析这些句子辨析这些句子由于时态导致的由于时态导致的含义上的差别含义上的差别延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化 (重难点）重难点）1. He died ten years ago.-He _ _ _ for ten years/ since ten years ago. 2. He borrowed the book 2
7、weeks ago.-He _ _ the book for 2 weeks. 3. He bought the bike a month ago.-He _ _ the bike for a month. 4. He arrived here three days ago. -He _ _ here since three days ago. 5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago.-The light _ _ _ for 2 hours. has been dead has kept has hadhas beenhas been on6. He
8、left here 2 years ago.-He _ _ _ from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago.-The film _ _ _ for 30 minutes. 8. They opened the door an hour ago.-The door _ _ _ for an hour. 9. They close the door an hour ago.-The door _ _ _ for an hour. 10. He joined the army last year.-He _ _ a soldier for a year. -He _ _ _ the army for a year. has been awayhas been onhas been openhas been closedhas beenhas been in结束结束
