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1、BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD Ye Wei We Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital 2014Word Rootn n Foundation or coreFoundation or coren n All medical words contain one or moreAll medical words contain one or moren n Conveys fundamental meaningConveys fundamental meaningExample: Example: HEPATHEPAT/ITIS /ITIS HEPAT
2、 (liver) is the word root.HEPAT (liver) is the word root.SUFFIXn n Medical terms may/may not contain a Medical terms may/may not contain a suffixsuffixn n Attached to the end of a word rootAttached to the end of a word rootn n Alters or modifies the meaningAlters or modifies the meaningExample: HEPA
3、T/Example: HEPAT/ITISITIS -ITIS (inflammation) is the suffix-ITIS (inflammation) is the suffix.PREFIXn n Attached to the beginningAttached to the beginningn n Influences the meaningInfluences the meaningn n Not all medical terms contain a Not all medical terms contain a prefixprefixExample: SUB/HEPA
4、T/IC Example: SUB/HEPAT/IC SUB- (under) is the prefix.SUB- (under) is the prefix.(-IC is the suffix for pertaining to, (-IC is the suffix for pertaining to, subhepatic means pertaining to under the subhepatic means pertaining to under the liver.)liver.)COMBINING VOWELn n Usually an Usually an “ “OO”
5、 ”n n Links two word roots or a word root and a suffixLinks two word roots or a word root and a suffixn n Eases pronunciationEases pronunciationn n Not all medical terms contain combining vowelsNot all medical terms contain combining vowelsn n Has no meaning of its ownHas no meaning of its ownn n A
6、word root which a vowel is attached is called a A word root which a vowel is attached is called a combining formcombining formRULESn n When connecting two word roots, When connecting two word roots, a a combining vowel is combining vowel is usuallyusually used used even when vowels are present at ev
7、en when vowels are present at the junction - the junction - oste/o/arthr/itisoste/o/arthr/itisn n When connecting a word When connecting a word root and a suffix, a combining vowel root and a suffix, a combining vowel is is usually notusually not used if the suffix used if the suffix begins with a v
8、owel - hepat/icbegins with a vowel - hepat/icSTOP!I will now test your knowledgeBASIC ELEMENTS OFBASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORDMEDICAL WORD(Review)(Review)n nIdentify and define the prefix in each of the Identify and define the prefix in each of the following words:following words:n n1. amorphous (wi
9、thout form) (root morph/o) 1. amorphous (without form) (root morph/o) a- not, without, lack of, absence a- not, without, lack of, absence n n2. antibody _2. antibody _n n3. amnesia _3. amnesia _n n4. disintegrate _4. disintegrate _n n5. contralateral _5. contralateral _n n6. incontinent _6. incontin
10、ent _n n7. dehumidify _7. dehumidify _n n8. noncontributory8. noncontributory BASIC ELEMENTS OFBASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORDMEDICAL WORD(Review)(Review)n nMatch the following terms and write the Match the following terms and write the appropriate letter to the left of each appropriate letter to the
11、left of each numbernumber: :n n_ 1. primary a. _ 1. primary a. one half or one side of the chestone half or one side of the chestn n_ 2. trisect b. having many forms_ 2. trisect b. having many formsn n_ 3. unilateral c. to cut into three parts_ 3. unilateral c. to cut into three partsn n_ 4. _ 4. po
12、lymorphouspolymorphous d. pertaining to one side d. pertaining to one siden n_ 5. hemithorax e. first_ 5. hemithorax e. firstn n_ 6. neonate f. cell with yellow color_ 6. neonate f. cell with yellow colorn n_ 7. melanoma g. through the skin _ 7. melanoma g. through the skin n n_ 8. xanthocyte h. dar
13、k tumor_ 8. xanthocyte h. dark tumorn n_ 9. percutaneous i. a newborn_ 9. percutaneous i. a newbornn n_ 10. leukoderma j. loss of color in the skin_ 10. leukoderma j. loss of color in the skinBASIC ELEMENTS OFBASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORDMEDICAL WORD(a little quiz)(a little quiz)n n-algesia, -algia-
14、algesia, -algia painpainn n-dynia -dynia painpainn n-ectasis -ectasis dilation. Expansiondilation. Expansionn n-emesis -emesis vomitingvomitingn n-desis -desis binding ,fixationbinding ,fixationBASIC ELEMENTS OFBASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORDMEDICAL WORD(a little quiz)(a little quiz)n n-rrhea -rrhea d
15、ischarge, flowdischarge, flown n-rrhaphy-rrhaphy suture repairsuture repairn n-trophy -trophy development, nourishmentdevelopment, nourishmentn n-stasis -stasis standing stillstanding stilln n-stenosis -stenosis narrowing, stricturenarrowing, strictureBASIC ELEMENTS OFBASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORDME
16、DICAL WORD(a little quiz)(a little quiz)n n-penia -penia decrease, deficiencydecrease, deficiencyn n-phil -phil attraction toattraction ton n-poiesis-poiesis formation, productionformation, productionn n-malacia-malacia softeningsofteningn n-porosis-porosis porousporousBASIC ELEMENTS OFBASIC ELEMENT
17、S OFMEDICAL WORDMEDICAL WORD(a little quiz)(a little quiz)n n-iasis -iasis abnormal condition (produced by something abnormal condition (produced by something specified)specified)n n-esthesia -esthesia feeling , sensationfeeling , sensationn n-phasia-phasia speechspeechn n-opia -opia visionvisionn n
18、-tropia-tropia turningturningBASIC ELEMENTS OFBASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORDMEDICAL WORDn nSUFFIXES: Adjective Noun Diminutive Singular PluralBASIC ELEMENTS OFBASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORDMEDICAL WORD(surgical suffix)(surgical suffix)n nSurgical suffixes denoting incisions: -centesispuncture.centesis
19、puncture. pericardiocentesis pericardiocentesis thoracocentesis thoracocentesis peritoneocentesis peritoneocentesis arthrocentesis arthrocentesisBASIC ELEMENTS OFBASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORDMEDICAL WORD(surgical suffix)(surgical suffix)n nSurgical suffixes denoting incisions:Surgical suffixes denot
20、ing incisions: -ectomy -ectomy excision, resection, removal excision, resection, removal pneumonectomy pneumonectomy gastrectomy gastrectomy esophagectomy esophagectomy hysterectomy hysterectomy nephrectomy nephrectomy splenectomy splenectomyn n- -tome tome instrument to cut instrument to cut trache
21、otome, mammotome tracheotome, mammotomeSurgical excision of a stone from the bladder is called:A.A.cystoceleB.B.cystogramC.C.cystolithectomyD.D.cystoscopeBASIC ELEMENTS OFBASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORDMEDICAL WORD(surgical suffix)(surgical suffix)n nSurgical suffixes denoting incisionsSurgical suffix
22、es denoting incisions: : -stomy -stomy forming an opening (mouth) forming an opening (mouth) colostomy, ileostomy colostomy, ileostomy tracheostomy tracheostomyn n-tomy -tomy incision, cut into incision, cut into phlebotomy phlebotomy thoracotomy thoracotomy craniotomy craniotomy tracheotomy tracheo
23、tomy ureterotomy ureterotomyBASIC ELEMENTS OFBASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORDMEDICAL WORD(surgical suffix)(surgical suffix)n nSurgical suffixes denoting Surgical suffixes denoting reconstructive surgeries:reconstructive surgeries: - desis - desis binding,fixation (of a bone binding,fixation (of a bone
24、or joint)or joint) arthrodesis arthrodesis - - pexypexy fixation (of an organ) fixation (of an organ) mastopexy mastopexy tracheopexy tracheopexy nephropexy nephropexy BASIC ELEMENTS OFBASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORDMEDICAL WORD(surgical suffix)(surgical suffix)Surgical suffixes denoting reconstructiv
25、e surgeries: -rrhaphy-rrhaphy suture suture myorrhaphy , angiorrhaphy myorrhaphy , angiorrhaphy urethrorrhaphy urethrorrhaphy -plasty-plasty surgical repair or surgical repair or reconstructionreconstruction rhinoplasty , cranioplasty rhinoplasty , cranioplasty annuloplasty , bronchoplasty annulopla
26、sty , bronchoplasty Surgical repair of the ureter is called:A.A.ureterocolostomyB.B.ureteropathyC.C.ureteroplastyD.D.urethralgiaBASIC ELEMENTS OFBASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORDMEDICAL WORD(surgical suffix)(surgical suffix) Surgical suffixes denoting Surgical suffixes denoting refracturing ,loosening ,
27、or crushingrefracturing ,loosening ,or crushing: :n n-clasis -clasis break,fracture break,fracture osteoclasis, cranioclasis osteoclasis, cranioclasis arthroclasis arthroclasisn n- -lysislysis separation, destruction,loosening separation, destruction,loosening enterolysis, alcoholysis enterolysis, a
28、lcoholysis hemolysis hemolysisn n- -tripsytripsy crushing crushing lithotripsy, angiotripsy lithotripsy, angiotripsyBASIC ELEMENTS OFBASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORDMEDICAL WORD(surgical suffix)(surgical suffix) Diagnostic, Symptomatic, and Related Diagnostic, Symptomatic, and Related SuffixesSuffixes:
29、 :n n- -algia/-algesia pain algia/-algesia pain cephalalgia, neuralgiacephalalgia, neuralgian n-cele hernia, swelling -cele hernia, swelling hepatocele, craniocelehepatocele, craniocele varicocele varicocele (swelling and distension of veins of the (swelling and distension of veins of the spermatic
30、cord)spermatic cord)n n-dynia pain -dynia pain gastrodynia gastrodynia odontodynia odontodynia BASIC ELEMENTS OFBASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORDMEDICAL WORD(surgical suffix)(surgical suffix) Diagnostic ,Symptomatic, and Related Diagnostic ,Symptomatic, and Related SuffixesSuffixesn n-ectasis-ectasis di
31、lation, expansion dilation, expansion bronchiectasis, angiotelectasis bronchiectasis, angiotelectasisn n-emesis -emesis vomiting vomiting hematoemesis hematoemesis hyperemesis hyperemesisn n-emia -emia blood blood leukemia, alcoholemia leukemia, alcoholemiaBASIC ELEMENTS OFBASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL W
32、ORDMEDICAL WORD(surgical suffix)(surgical suffix) Diagnostic, Symptomatic, and Related Diagnostic, Symptomatic, and Related SuffixesSuffixesn n-gen /-genesis -gen /-genesis forming forming ,producing ,origin ,producing ,origin antigen, carcinogenantigen, carcinogen angiogenesis, osteogenesis, angiog
33、enesis, osteogenesis, n n-itis -itis inflammation arthritis, gastritis, angitis, angitisInflammation of the bladder and Inflammation of the bladder and renal pelvis is called pyelocystitis:renal pelvis is called pyelocystitis:A.A.TrueB.B.FalseBASIC ELEMENTS OFBASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORDMEDICAL WOR
34、D(surgical suffix)(surgical suffix) Diagnostic ,Symptomatic, and Related Diagnostic ,Symptomatic, and Related SuffixesSuffixesn n-iasis -iasis abnormal condition abnormal condition cholelithiasis cholelithiasisn n-lith-lith stone, calculus stone, calculus cholelith, ureterolith cholelith, ureterolit
35、hn n-meter-meter instrument for measuring instrument for measuring thermometer, phonometer thermometer, phonometern n-metry-metry act of measuring act of measuring pelvimetry , physiometry pelvimetry , physiometryBASIC ELEMENTS OFBASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORDMEDICAL WORD( suffix)( suffix) Diagnostic
36、,Symptomatic, and Related Diagnostic,Symptomatic, and Related SuffixesSuffixesn n-oid-oidresembling resembling lipoid, adenoid, leukemoid lipoid, adenoid, leukemoidn n-oma-oma tumor tumor adenoma, lymphoma, lipoma, adenoma, lymphoma, lipoma, angiomyomaangiomyoman n-osis-osis abnormal condition, incr
37、ease abnormal condition, increase dermatosis, erythrocytosisdermatosis, erythrocytosisBASIC ELEMENTS OFBASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORDMEDICAL WORD( suffix)( suffix) Diagnostic ,Symptomatic, and Related Diagnostic ,Symptomatic, and Related SuffixesSuffixesn n-para-para to bear (offspring) to bear (offs
38、pring) multipara, nullipara multipara, nulliparan n-paresis-paresis partial paralysis partial paralysis hemiparesis hemiparesisn n-pathy-pathy disease disease neuropathy, phonopathy neuropathy, phonopathyn n-penia-penia decrease, deficiency decrease, deficiency thrombocytopenia,leukopenia thrombocyt
39、openia,leukopeniaBASIC ELEMENTS OFBASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORDMEDICAL WORD( suffix)( suffix) Diagnostic ,Symptomatic, and Related Diagnostic ,Symptomatic, and Related SuffixesSuffixesn n- phagia- phagia eating, swallowing eating, swallowing dysphagia dysphagian n-phasia-phasia speech speech aphasia
40、(loss of voice) aphasia(loss of voice)n n-philia-philia attraction for attraction for hemophilia hemophilian n-phobia-phobia fear fear claustrophobia, phonophobia claustrophobia, phonophobiaBASIC ELEMENTS OFBASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORDMEDICAL WORD(suffix)(suffix) Diagnostic ,Symptomatic, and Relate
41、d Diagnostic ,Symptomatic, and Related SuffixesSuffixesn n-plasia -plasia formation, growth formation, growth hyperplasia, dysplasia hyperplasia, dysplasian n-plegia-plegia paralysis (difference with paralysis (difference with paresis?)paresis?) hemiplegia hemiplegia n n-poiesis-poiesis formation, p
42、roduction formation, production hemopoiesis, angiopoiesis hemopoiesis, angiopoiesisBASIC ELEMENTS OFBASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORDMEDICAL WORD( suffix)( suffix) Diagnostic ,Symptomatic, and Related Diagnostic ,Symptomatic, and Related SuffixesSuffixesn n- -ptosis ptosis prolapse, downward prolapse, d
43、ownward displacement displacement n nhysteroptosis, gastroptosishysteroptosis, gastroptosisn n-rrhage/-rrhagia-rrhage/-rrhagia bursting forth bursting forth hemorrhage hemorrhage menorrhagia menorrhagian n-rrhea-rrhea discharge, flow discharge, flow diarrhea diarrhea steatorrhea steatorrhea -STASIS-
44、STASISn nHemoHemostasisstasisBASIC ELEMENTS OFBASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORDMEDICAL WORD( suffix)( suffix)Diagnostic ,Symptomatic, and Related Diagnostic ,Symptomatic, and Related SuffixesSuffixesStoppingStoppingControllingControllingBASIC ELEMENTS OFBASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORDMEDICAL WORD( suffix)
45、( suffix)Diagnostic ,Symptomatic, and Related Diagnostic ,Symptomatic, and Related SuffixesSuffixesn n-scope -scope instrument to view or examine instrument to view or examine oesophagoscope, bronchoscopeoesophagoscope, bronchoscopen n-scopy-scopy visual examination visual examination endoscopy ,tho
46、racoscopy, proctoscopy endoscopy ,thoracoscopy, proctoscopyn n-spasm-spasm involuntary contraction,or involuntary contraction,or twitching twitching n nvasculospasm, bronchospasm, vasculospasm, bronchospasm, blepharospasmblepharospasmBASIC ELEMENTS OFBASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORDMEDICAL WORD(surgica
47、l suffix)(surgical suffix) Diagnostic ,Symptomatic, and Related Diagnostic ,Symptomatic, and Related SuffixesSuffixesn n- -stenosis stenosis stricture, narrowing stricture, narrowing arteriostenosis, aortic arteriostenosis, aortic valvulostenosisvalvulostenosisn n-trophy-trophy development, nourishm
48、ent development, nourishment atrophy hepertrophy, hypotrophy atrophy hepertrophy, hypotrophyn n-malacia-malacia softening softening osteomalacia craniomalacia osteomalacia craniomalacian n-schisis-schisis cleft cleft cranioschisis cranioschisisCommon Categories SuffixesConditions or diseasesn n-edem
49、a (swelling), lymphedeman n-emia (blood condition), hypoxemian n-algia (pain), cephalgian n-genesis (origin), gluconeogenesisn n-iasis (abnormal condition), cholelithiasisCommon Categories SuffixesConditions or diseases (continued):n n-itis (inflammation), pancreatitisn n-megaly (enlargement), hepat
50、omegalyn n-oma (tumor, mass), hemangioman n-osis (abnormal condition), hemochromatosisn n-pathy (abnormal condition), neuropathyCommon Categories SuffixesConditions or diseases (continued):n n-penia (deficiency), osteopenian n-plasia (growth), dysplasian n-plegia (paralysis), hemiplegian n-paresis (
51、weakness), hemiparesisn n-rrhage (bursting), hemorrhagen n-stenosis (narrowing), arteriostenosisWhich are conditions?n nCeliacCeliacn nIntestineIntestinen nEnterotomyEnterotomyn nPolycythemiaPolycythemian nAngioedemaAngioedeman nColonoscopeColonoscopen nIntracerebralIntracerebral Identify the condit
52、ion or procedure Identify the condition or procedure identified by each of the following identified by each of the following terms:terms: Hematology Hematology TracheotomyTracheotomy RhinitisRhinitis GastritisGastritis PharyngitisPharyngitis OsteoarthritisOsteoarthritis Identify the condition or pro
53、cedure Identify the condition or procedure identified by each of the following identified by each of the following termsterms: : NephrologyNephrology PancreatitisPancreatitis MastectomyMastectomy OpthalmoscopyOpthalmoscopy AmenorrheaAmenorrhea DermatitisDermatitisSample Quiz Questionn nUsing slashes
54、 (/) divide the following term into its component parts and give the meaning for the whole term. Adenoma: _ l lADEN/OMAADEN/OMAl lMass or Tumor of the glandMass or Tumor of the glandSample Quiz Questionn nComplete the sentence using one of the Complete the sentence using one of the medical terms giv
55、en. A mass of blood, or medical terms given. A mass of blood, or “black and blue” mark, is a (an) _“black and blue” mark, is a (an) _A.A.HemoglobinB.B.HematomaC.C.HepatitisD.D.AdenomaE.E.CerebralSample Quiz Questionn nGive the meaning of the following Give the meaning of the following suffix: -itiss
56、uffix: -itisA.A.Pertaining toB.B.RecordC.C.Condition ofD.D.InflammationE.E.Tumor When defining a medical term, you should start with which part?Answer:When defining a medical term, you should start with the suffix.LEARNINGnMemorizenFlash cardsnRepetitionnMemorizenPractice, practice, practicePlural F
57、ormsn nWhen a singular word ends in y, the plural is often formed by changing y to i and adding es.n nWhen a singular word ends in a, add e to form the plural.n nIf a singular word ends in um, change the um to a to form the plural. What is the plural form of each of the following?What is the plural
58、form of each of the following? Emergency Emergency emergenciesFimbria Fimbria fimbriaeatriumatrium atriaArthritisARTHR/ITIS WR SHepatitisHEPAT/ITIS WR SSubhepaticSUB/HEPAT/IC P WR SIntravenousINTRA/VEN/OUS P WR SArthropathyARTHR/O/PATHY WR V SGASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEMn n Combining FormsCombining Forms
59、 OR/OOR/OMouth or Oral CavityMouth or Oral Cavity PHARYNG/OPHARYNG/OPharynx or ThroatPharynx or Throat ESOPHAG/OESOPHAG/OEsophagusEsophagus GASTR/OGASTR/OStomachStomach PYLOR/OPYLOR/OPyloric sphincterPyloric sphincter ILE/O, ENTER/O ILE/O, ENTER/O Small Intestine Small Intestine DUODEN/ODUODEN/ODuod
60、enumDuodenum JEJUN/OJEJUN/OJejunumJejunum ILE/OILE/OIleumIleumGASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEMn n Combining FormsCombining Forms COL/O; COLON/OCOL/O; COLON/OColon, Large Colon, Large IntestineIntestine CEC/OCEC/OCecumCecum APPENDIC/OAPPENDIC/O APPEND/OAPPEND/OAppendixAppendix SIGMOID/OSIGMOID/O Sigmoid Colon
61、 Sigmoid Colon RECT/ORECT/ORectumRectum AN/OAN/O Anus Anus PROCT/OPROCT/ORectum & AnusRectum & AnusGASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEMn n Combining FormsCombining Forms HEPAT/OHEPAT/OLiverLiver CHOL/E, BIL/ICHOL/E, BIL/IBileBile CHOLEDOCH/OCHOLEDOCH/OBile DuctsBile Ducts CHOLECYST/OCHOLECYST/OGallbladderGallbla
62、dder PANCREAT/OPANCREAT/OPancreasPancreas VISCER/OVISCER/O Viscera (any internal organ) Viscera (any internal organ)GI - Combining Formsn nCombining FormsCombining Forms BUCC/OBUCC/OCheekCheek Buccal Buccal CELI/OCELI/OAbdomen/belly CeliacAbdomen/belly Celiac LAPAR/OLAPAR/O LaparotomyLaparotomy GLOS
63、S/OGLOSS/O TongueTongue HemiglossectomyHemiglossectomy LINGU/OLINGU/O LingualLingualGI -Combining Forms & Suffixesn n LITHI/OLITHI/OStonesStonesCholelithiasisCholelithiasisn n OMENT/OOMENT/OOmentumOmentumOmentectomyOmentectomyn n PERITONE/OPERITONE/O PeritoneumPeritoneumPeritonealPeritonealn n SIALA
64、DEN/OSIALADEN/O Salivary GlandSalivary Glandn n SIAL/OSIAL/OSalivary; SalivaSalivary; SalivaSialismSialismn n SIALSIAL#1 A plastic surgical repair of the esophagus?Esophagoplasty#2A surgical removal of part of all of the stomach?Gastrectomy#3 The establishment of a permanent passage between the stom
65、ach and jejunum?Gastrojejunostomy#4 The visual examination of the rectum and sigmoid colon?Proctosigmoidoscopy#5A plastic surgical repair of the small intestines?Enteroplasty#6The surgical creation of a permanent opening into the jejunum?Jejunostomy#7A surgical repair of the anus or rectum?Proctopla
66、styAnoplasty#8 The surgical repair of a bile duct?Choledochoplasty#9Pertaining to under the tongue?SubglossalSublingual#10 The medical term for inflammation of the stomach and intestines is: gastroenteritis.CholecystectomyProcedureSurgical removal of the gallbladderHemicolectomyProcedureRemoval of o
67、r part of the colonPancreatomaDiagnosisTumor of the PancreasCholedocholithiasisDiagnosis Abnormal condition of stones in the bile ductDiverticulectomyProcedureRemoval of DiverticulaEsophagogastroduodenoscopyProcedureVisual exam of the esophagus, stomach and duodenumRespiratory SystemCombining Formsn
68、 n NAS/ONosen n RHIN/ONosen n SINUS/OSinusn n PHARYNG/OPharynxn n TONSILL/OTonsiln n ADENOID/OAdenoidn n LARYNG/OLarynxn n EPIGLOTT/OEpiglottisRespiratory SystemCombining Formsn n TRACHE/OTRACHE/OTracheaTrachean n BRONCH/OBRONCH/OBronchusBronchusn n BRONCH/I BronchusBRONCH/I Bronchusn n BRONCHIOL/IB
69、RONCHIOL/IBronchioleBronchiolen n ALVEOL/OALVEOL/OAlveolusAlveolusRespiratory System Combining FormsnCYAN/OBlueCyanosisn n OX/OOxygenAnoxian n LOB/OLobeLobectomyn n PECTOR/O ChestPectoraln n THORAC/OThoracicn n PHREN/ODiaphragm PhrenicDiaphragm PhrenicRespiratory SystemCombining Forms & Suffixesn n
70、PLEUR/OPLEUR/OPleuraPleuraPleuritisPleuritisn n -PNEA-PNEABreathingBreathingDyspneaDyspnean n PNEUM/OPNEUM/OLungLung n n PNEUMON/OPNEUMON/OPneumonitisPneumonitisn n PULMON/OPULMON/OPulmonaryPulmonaryn n -PTYSIS-PTYSISSpittingSpittingHemoptysisHemoptysis#1 The combining form for lung is: Pneumo, Pneu
71、mon, Pulmon#2 The suffix pnea means: breathing.#3 The definition of the suffix algia is: pain.#4 The membrane surrounding each lung is called the pleura.ThoracentesisProcedureA puncture of the chest.Endotracheal IntubationProcedure Inserting a tube into the trachea.TracheostomyProcedure Creating a n
72、ew opening in the trachea.HypoxiaDiagnosis Low or deficient oxygen levels.RhinoplastyProcedure Surgical repair of the nose (nose job).Question What is the difference between a tracheotomy and tracheostomy?Stomy = new openingTomy = incision/cut intoCARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMn n Circulatory SystemCirculato
73、ry Systemn Continually moves blood Continually moves blood throughout the body in order to throughout the body in order to provide oxygen, hormones and provide oxygen, hormones and nutrients to the body tissuenutrients to the body tissuen Removes waste materialRemoves waste materialCardiovascularCom
74、bining Formsn n CARDI/OCARDI/OHeartHeartn n ATRI/OATRI/ORight or Left AtriumRight or Left Atriumn n VALVUL/OVALVUL/OAny ValveAny Valven n VENTRICUL/OVENTRICUL/ORight or Left VentricleRight or Left VentricleCardiovascularCombining Formsn n AORT/OAORT/OAortaAortan n ARTERI/OARTERI/On n ARTER/OARTER/OA
75、rteryArteryn n ARTERIOL/OARTERIOL/OArteriole Arteriole n n VENUL/OVENUL/OVenuleVenulen n VEN/O; PHLEB/OVEN/O; PHLEB/OVeinVeinCardiovascular; Combining Forms, Prefixes & Suffixesn n ANGI/OANGI/O Blood VesselBlood Vessel AngiogramAngiogramn n VAS/OVAS/O Blood VesselBlood Vessel VasospasmVasospasmn n -
76、SCLEROSIS -SCLEROSIS HardeningHardeningArteriosclerosisArteriosclerosisn n BRADY-BRADY-SlowSlowBradycardiaBradycardian n -CYTE-CYTECellCellThrombocyteThrombocyten n ERYTHR/OERYTHR/ORedRedErythrocytesErythrocytesCardiovascular; Combining Forms, Prefixes & Suffixesn n LEUK/OLEUK/O White WhiteLeukocyte
77、sLeukocytesn n MY/OMY/O MuscleMuscle Cardiomyopathy Cardiomyopathyn n -MEGALY-MEGALY EnlargementEnlargement CardiomegalyCardiomegalyn n ATHER/OATHER/O Plaque AtherosclerosisPlaque Atherosclerosisn n TACHY-TACHY-FastFastTachycardiaTachycardian n CHOLESTEROL/O CHOLESTEROL/O CholesterolCholesteroln n A
78、NEURYSM/OANEURYSM/OAneurysmAneurysmAneurysmectomy Procedure Surgical removal of an aneurysmCoronary AngiographyProcedureA recording of the blood vessels in the heartEchocardiographyn nProcedure that uses ultrasound to assess the structures of the heartDiagnostic Pericardiocentesisn nSurgical punctur
79、e of the pericardium to remove fluid for testing in order to determine the causative organism of pericarditisPhlebographyn nRadiographic study to identify and locate thrombi in the veins of the legsUrinary SystemCombining Formsn n REN/O, NEPHR/OREN/O, NEPHR/OKidneyKidneyn PYEL/OPYEL/ORenal PelvisRen
80、al Pelvisn URETER/OURETER/OUreterUretern CYST/O, VESIC/OCYST/O, VESIC/OBladderBladdern TRIGON/OTRIGON/OTrigoneTrigonen URETHR/OURETHR/OUrethraUrethran MEAT/OMEAT/OMeatusMeatusUrinary System Combining Forms & Suffixesn n UR/OUR/OUrinationUrinationDysuriaDysurian -URIA-URIAn DIPS/ODIPS/OThirstThirstPo
81、lydipsiaPolydipsian GLYC/OGLYC/OSugarSugarGlycosuriaGlycosurian GLUC/OGLUC/OUrinary System Combining Forms & Suffixesn n NOCT/ONOCT/ONightNightNocturiaNocturian OLIG/OOLIG/OScantyScantyOliguriaOligurian BACTERI/OBACTERI/OBacteriaBacteriaBacteriuriaBacteriurian LITH/OLITH/OStoneStoneUreterolithiasisU
82、reterolithiasisIntravenous PyleogramProcedureTracing of the renal pelvisMeatal StenosisDiagnosisTightening of the MeatusUrethroplastyProcedureSurgical repair of the urethraNephrolithotomyProcedureCut into the kidney for stone removalFemale ReproductionCombining Formsn OOPHOR/O; OVARI/OOvaryn SALPING
83、/O F Fallopian Tubeallopian Tuben HYSTER/O; UTER/OUterusn METRI/O; METR/On CERVIC/OCervixn COLP/O; VAGIN/OVaginan EPISI/O; VULV/OVulvan MAMM/O; MAST/OBreastFemale Reproduction Combining Forms Prefixes & Suffixesn n MEN/OMEN/OMenstruationMenstruation Menorrhagia Menorrhagian n CULD/OCULD/OCul-de-sacC
84、ul-de-sacCuldocentesisCuldocentesisn n LACT/OLACT/OMilkMilkLactationLactationn n -ARCHE-ARCHEBeginningBeginningMenarcheMenarchen n MULTI-MULTI-ManyManyMultiparousMultiparousFemale Reproduction Combining Forms, Female Reproduction Combining Forms, Prefixes & SuffixesPrefixes & Suffixesn nNULLI-NULLI-
85、NoneNoneNulliparousNulliparousn nPRIMI-PRIMI-FirstFirstPrimigravidaPrimigravidan n-RRHEA-RRHEAFlow, DischargeFlow, DischargeMenorrheaMenorrhean n-TOCIA-TOCIALabor, BirthLabor, BirthDystociaDystocian n-SALPINX-SALPINXFallopian TubeFallopian Tuben nO/O; OV/OO/O; OV/OEggEgg Ovulation Ovulation (Dischar
86、ge of egg)(Discharge of egg)n nOVUL/OOVUL/O OvulationOvulationFemale Reproduction Prefixes(matching)1.1.Mamm/oMamm/o2.2.Mast/oMast/o3.3.Vagin/oVagin/o4.4.Hyster/oHyster/o5.5.Oophor/oOophor/o6.6.Episi/oEpisi/o7.7.Salping/oSalping/o8.8.Colp/oColp/o Breast Breast Vagina Vagina Fallopian Tubes Fallopian
87、 Tubes Breast Breast Vagina Vagina Uterus Uterus Ovary Ovary Vulva VulvaAmenorrheaDiagnosisWithout menstrual flow EndometritisDiagnosisInflammation of the uterus OophorectomyProcedureSurgical removal of an ovaryMale Reproductive SystemCombining Formsn n SCROT/OScrotumScrotumn n ORCHI/O; TEST/OTestic
88、le, Testicle, TestesTestesn n VESICUL/OSeminal Seminal VesiclesVesiclesn n VAS/OVas Vas DeferensDeferensn n URETHR/OUrethraUrethran n PROSTAT/OProstateProstaten n BALAN/OPenisPenisProstatectomyProcedure Surgical removal of the prostateVasectomyProcedureSurgical removal of the vas deferensCentral Ner
89、vous SystemCombining Formsn n CEREBR/OCEREBR/OBrainBrainn n ENCEPHAL/OENCEPHAL/On n MYEL/OMYEL/OSpinal CordSpinal CordBone MarrowBone MarrowPeripheral Nervous SystemCombining Formn n NEUR/ONEUR/ONerveNerveSPECIALIZED SENSE ORGANSn n OCUL/OOCUL/OEyeEyen n OPT/OOPT/On n OPHTHALM/OOPHTHALM/On n OPTIC/O
90、OPTIC/On n AUR/OAUR/OEarEarn n OT/OOT/On n AURICUL/OAURICUL/ODiabetic Retinopathy Diagnosis Disease of the retina due to diabetes.NeuroencephalomyelopathyDiagnosis Disease of the nerves, brain and spinal cord BlepharitisDiagnosisInflammation of the eyelidBlepharoconjunctivitisDiagnosis Inflammation
91、of the eyelid and lining of the eye Tympanoplasty and Myringoplasty are BOTH surgical repairs of the ear drumIntegrementaryIntegumentary SystemCombining Formsn n DERM/ODERM/OSkinSkinn n DERMAT/ODERMAT/On n CUTANE/OCUTANE/On n TRICH/OTRICH/OHairHairn n PIL/OPIL/On n ONYCH/OONYCH/ONailsNailsn n UNGU/O
92、UNGU/On n SEB/OSEB/OSebum or OilSebum or Oiln n HIDR/OHIDR/OSweat or Sweat GlandsSweat or Sweat GlandsIntegumentary Systemn n MELAN/OMELAN/OBlackBlack Melanoma Melanoman n ERYTHEM/OERYTHEM/ORednessRednessErythematousErythematousn n ERYTHEMAT/OERYTHEMAT/On n LIP/OLIP/O FatFatLipomaLipoman n CAUS/OCAU
93、S/OBurningBurningCausalgiaCausalgiaPain in the skinDERMATALGIA DERMATODYNIAOne who specializes in studying skin diseaseDERMATOLOGISTPertaining to skin repair or skin graftingDERMATOPLASTYLymphatic SystemCombining Formsn n LYMPH/OLYMPH/OLymphLymphn LYMPHADEN/OLYMPHADEN/OLymph nodeLymph noden TONSILL/
94、OTONSILL/OTonsilTonsiln ADENOID/OADENOID/OAdenoidAdenoidn THYM/OTHYM/OThymusThymusn SPLEN/OSPLEN/OSpleenSpleenThe Anatomical Position-The body is erect, head facing forward, arms The body is erect, head facing forward, arms by the side with palms to the front.by the side with palms to the front.Anat
95、omical Locations and Positionsn nPlanesPlanesl lMidsagittal plane vertically divides the Midsagittal plane vertically divides the body as it passes through the midline to body as it passes through the midline to form a form a rightright and and leftleft half. half.l lTransverse or horizontal plane d
96、ivides Transverse or horizontal plane divides the body into the body into superiorsuperior and and inferiorinferior portions.portions.l lCoronal or frontal plane divides the Coronal or frontal plane divides the body at right angles to the midsagittal body at right angles to the midsagittal plane int
97、o plane into anterior (ventral)anterior (ventral) and and posterior (dorsal)posterior (dorsal) portions. portions.Planes of the body. (A) Coronal or frontal plane and a coronal view of the chest and stomachPlanes of the body. (B) Transverse or Planes of the body. (B) Transverse or horizontal plane a
98、nd a cross-sectional view of horizontal plane and a cross-sectional view of the upper abdominal regionthe upper abdominal regionPlanes of the body. (C) Midsagittal or Planes of the body. (C) Midsagittal or median plane and a sagittal view of the median plane and a sagittal view of the head.head.THANK YOU
