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1、 宾语从句宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。是主从复合句的一种。 主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。主句是复合句的主体，个以上的从句构成的。主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。从句在全句中充当什么成分，不能独立。从句在全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。就叫什么从句。宾语从句当中的从句在全句中作宾语。宾语从句当中的从句在全句中作宾语。什么是宾语从句？什么是宾语从句？主句中的主句中的宾语宾语由由完整的句子完整的句子充当。充当。Hesaid(that)heboughtabookyes
2、terday.主主谓谓宾宾(宾语从句宾语从句)宾宾语语从从句句的的类类型型: : I.当从句是当从句是陈述句陈述句时时,用用“that”引导引导.1.Hesaid,“YouareyoungerthanI”.2.Hesays,“Tomisagoodstudent”.HesaidthatIwasyoungerthanhim. HesaysthatTomisagoodstudent. 注：注：that that 在句中无词汇意义在句中无词汇意义, ,在从句中不能在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略充当成分，在口语当中往往省略宾宾语语从从句句的的类类型型: : Exercises:1.“Iamdo
3、ingmyhomework.”Hesaid.2.“Iwillcomeback.”Tomsaid.Hesaidthathewasdoinghishomework.Tomsaidthathewouldcomeback.当主句为过去时,从句要用相应的过去时态.HesaidwasTomsaidwould宾宾语语从从句句的的类类型型: : Exercises:3.shesays,Shesawafilmyesterday.4.Ourteachertoldus,“Theearthgoesaroundthesun.”Ourteachertoldustheearthgoesaroundthesun.Shesay
4、sthatshesawafilmyesterday.当主句为现在时,从句时态不限.当从句表达的是客观事实时当从句表达的是客观事实时, ,其时态不受主句的影响。其时态不受主句的影响。宾宾语语从从句句的的类类型型: : II.1.当从句是当从句是一般疑问句或反意疑一般疑问句或反意疑问句问句时，用时，用“if”或或“whether”引引导。导。1.Shesaid,“Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspaper?”2. “WilltheygotovisittheGreatWall?”heasked. Sheaskedif(whether)Ioftencameheretoreadn
5、ewspaper.Heaskedif(whether)theywouldgotovisittheGreatWall.1.Hewantstoknow,“YourefromAmerica,arentyou?2.“Tomhasfinishedhiswork,hasnthe?Themanagerasked.HewantstoknowifwhetherIamfromAmerica. ThemanageraskedifwhetherTomhadfinishedhiswork.2.当从句是当从句是反意疑问句反意疑问句时，用时，用“if”或或“whether”引导。引导。Exercises:3.Idontkn
6、ow_ornot.（是否要下雨）（是否要下雨）whetheritwillrain*当当句末为句末为ornot时，只用时，只用whether而不用而不用if.1.Dotheyliketomakefriendswithus?Heasked.2.“Ishedoinghishomework?”Jimasked.Heaskedifwhethertheylikedtomakefriendswiththem.Jimaskedifwhetherhewasdoinghishomework.III.当从句是当从句是特殊疑问句特殊疑问句时，时，由连接代由连接代词词what,whom,whose,which,what
7、及及连接副词连接副词when,where,how,why引导引导1.Heasked,“Wheredoyoulive?”2.“Howcanwegettothepost-office?”heasked.HeaskedwhereIlived.Heaskedhowtheycouldgettothepost-office.1.Wheredotheystopontheway?Iasked.2.“HowcanIgettothestation?”Couldyoutellme?3.“Whenwillhecomeback?”Tomasked.Exercises:Iaskedwheretheystoppedonth
8、eway.Tomaskedwhenhewouldcomeback.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?1.Theteachertoldus.Dontplayonthestreet.2.Shesaid.Openthewindows,please.Theteachertoldusnottoplayonthestreet.Sheaskedmeustoopenthewindows当从句是当从句是祈使句祈使句时用动词不定式表示时用动词不定式表示nottoplaytoopen引述动词有：引述动词有：tell,ask,order等等,句型是句型是:tell/ask/or
9、dersb.(not)todosth.主从句时态一致主从句时态一致1.1.当当主句是现在时主句是现在时, ,宾语从句该用宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态什么时态就用什么时态. .Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Pleasetelluswhereheis.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.Idontknowhedidntcomeyesterday.2.当当主句是过去时主句是过去时,宾语从句只能用相宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态应的过去时态.*注意注意:当从句表达的是当从句表达的是客观事实客观事实的时候的时候,其时态不受主句的影响。其时态不受主句
10、的影响。Heaskedwhattimeitwas.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.1.1.当从句是当从句是陈述句陈述句时时, , 只需注意只需注意人称和时态人称和时态的变化的变化. . 1.Lucyasked,“Couldyoudosomethingforme,Tom?”2.Hesaidtome,“Whatisyourname?”陈述语序陈述语序LucyaskedTomifhecoulddoso
11、methingforher.Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.陈述语序陈述语序2.2.当从句是当从句是一般疑问句或是特殊疑问句一般疑问句或是特殊疑问句 时时, ,既要注意既要注意人称和时态人称和时态的变化的变化, ,更要注更要注意把他们改为意把他们改为陈述语序陈述语序. .CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?Pleasetellmewhenwellhaveameeting.Iwanttoknowifwhetherhelivesthere. 改改错！错！Couldyoutellmewherebuysomestamps?can I Couldyoutellmewhe
12、re?is thepostofficecan IIdontknowwhatIshalldonext.宾语从句与简单句的互换宾语从句与简单句的互换: :在以特殊疑问句词引导的从句中在以特殊疑问句词引导的从句中,有些句子有些句子可以转化成由可以转化成由“特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+ +动词不定式动词不定式”的形式的形式.使句子由主从复合句变成简单句使句子由主从复合句变成简单句.当主句中的主语与从句的主语一致时当主句中的主语与从句的主语一致时, ,直接变成简单句直接变成简单句Idontknowwhattodonext.CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestop？Pleasetellhi
13、mwhichbookhewouldreadfirst.Johndidntdecidewhichshirthewouldbuy.2. 2. 当主句含有双宾语时当主句含有双宾语时, , 如间宾语和从如间宾语和从句主语一致句主语一致, , 也可变成简单句也可变成简单句. .Canyoutellmehowtogettothestop.Pleasetellhimwhichbooktoreadfirst.Johndidntdecidewhichshirttobuy.注意注意宾语从句中如果主句的谓语动词是宾语从句中如果主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,guess等等,变否定句时变否
14、定句时,应把否定词前移到主句中应把否定词前移到主句中;变疑问句时变疑问句时,应把主句变为疑问句。应把主句变为疑问句。eg:一般的宾语从句变否定式同其它的句子一样。一般的宾语从句变否定式同其它的句子一样。ImafraidIcantgothere.恐怕我不能去那儿。恐怕我不能去那儿。Idontguessyouknowtheanswertothequestion.Doyouknowsheisillinhospital?我猜你不知道这个问题的答案。我猜你不知道这个问题的答案。你知道她生病住院了吗你知道她生病住院了吗? ?单项选择单项选择-Could you tell me _ the hospital
15、? -Its quite far. You can take the No. 1 bus to go there.A.how I can go to B. how can I get toB.C. how can I reach D. where is C. A单项选择单项选择 -Could you tell me _? I want to post a letter. A.where is the post officeB.Where the post office isC.C. how can I get to the cinemaD.D. how I can get to the cin
16、ema E.B【中考范例中考范例】1.(2004年北京市中考试题年北京市中考试题)MissGreendidnttellus_in2002.A.wheredoessheliveB.WhereshelivesC.wheredidsheliveD.whereshelived【解析解析】答案：答案：D D 该题考查的是宾该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选D D。2.(2004(2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题年上海市徐汇区中考试题) )Wouldyoupleasetellme_?A.whendidheco
17、mehomeB.wherehewouldplayfootballC.ifhehadseenthefilmD.whyhedidntwatchthegame【解析解析】答案：答案：D D 该题考查该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态的是宾语从句的语序和时态. .主句用的是现在时主句用的是现在时, ,宾语从句宾语从句应陈述语序和一般过去时。应陈述语序和一般过去时。3.(2004年哈尔滨市中考试题年哈尔滨市中考试题)Idontknowwhen_.A.willthetrainleaveB.thetrainwillleaveC.wouldthetrainleaveD.thetrainleave【解析解析】答案
18、：答案：B。该题考查的是宾语从。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有句的语序和时态。只有B符合要求。符合要求。4.(2004年常州市中考试题年常州市中考试题)-Wedontknow_.-ItissaidthathewasborninSweden.A.whatheisB.ifheliveshereC.wherehecomesfromD.whichcountryishefrom【解析解析】答案答案: C: C。该题考查宾语从句。该题考查宾语从句的语序。按照谈论的话题可知：他们的语序。按照谈论的话题可知：他们说的是某人是哪里人说的是某人是哪里人.AB.AB可排除可排除, ,D D语序不对语序不对,
19、 ,只有只有C C正确。正确。翻译翻译n1.我不知道他什么时候来我不知道他什么时候来.Idontknowwhenhewillcome.n2.你能告诉我他住在哪里吗你能告诉我他住在哪里吗?Canyoutellmewherehelives?3.你知道他为什么迟到吗你知道他为什么迟到吗?Doyouknowwhyheislate?考考考考你你1.“Iamdoingmyhomework.”Hesaid.2.“WilltheygotovisittheGreatWall?”heasked.3.“HowcanIgettothestation?”Couldyoutellme?4.Scientistsproved
20、,“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound”.5.“Dontsmokeintheroom,”hesaidtome.考考考考你你1.“Iamdoingmyhomework.”Hesaid.2.“WilltheygotovisittheGreatWall?”heasked.Hesaid(that)hewasdoinghishomework.时态：时态：am-was 人称：人称：I-he my-his 连词：连词：thatHeaskedifwhethertheywouldgotovisitthe.时态：时态：will-would 人称：人称：they 连词：连词：ifwhet
21、her考考考考你你3.“HowcanIgettothestation?Couldyoutellme4.Scientistsproved,“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound”.时态：时态：不变不变 人称：人称：不变不变 连词：连词：how(小写）小写）CouldyoutellmeHowIcangettothestation.howScientistsprovedthatLighttravelsmuchfasterthansound”.当从句是客观事实时当从句是客观事实时,时态不受主句的影响。时态不受主句的影响。连词连词: that 考考考考你你5.“Dontsmokeintheroom,”hesaidtome.said to toldasked Heaskedmenottosmokeintheroom.时态：时态： 人称：人称： 连词：连词：asktell sb. to do not to do sth.
