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1、1.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法在在“Itis/was+形容形容词或或过去分去分词+that从句从句”结构的主构的主语从句中，表示从句中，表示命令、愿命令、愿望、建望、建议等，等，谓语动词为“should+动词原形原形”，should也可省略也可省略。如：如：Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent(should)masteraforeignlanguage.Itisdesiredthatthisrule(should)bebroughttotheattentionofthestaff.动词wish后的后的宾语从句中，表示从句中，表示与与现在
2、在事事实相反相反时，从句中，从句中动词用用过去式去式；表；表示示与与过去事去事实相反相反时，从句中，从句中动词用用“had+过去分去分词”；表示；表示将来很将来很难实现的的愿望愿望时，从句中，从句中动词用用“would/could/might+动词原形原形”。如：。如：HowIwishIwastherewithyou.IwishIhadntlostthechance.Iwishhewould/could/mightgowithustothetheatre.在在wouldsooner,wouldrather等后面的等后面的宾语从句中从句中动词要用虚要用虚拟语气。气。尚未尚未发生的生的动作用作用动
3、词的的过去式，已去式，已经发生的生的动作用作用“had+过去分去分词”。如：。如：Iwouldsoonerheleftontheearliertrain.Idratheryouwenttomorrow.Idratheryouhadntdonethat.表示表示“建建议、命令、要求、命令、要求、坚决做决做”等等动词（如（如suggest,demand,require,request,order,insist等）后的等）后的宾语从句中从句中谓语常常用用“（should+）动词原形原形”。如：。如：Isuggestyou(should)haveenoughsleep.Irecommendthatev
4、eryone(should)attendtheparty.虚虚拟语气气还可用在表示可用在表示愿望、建愿望、建议、命、命令、令、请求等的表求等的表语从句或同位从句或同位语从句中从句中，谓语用用“should+动词原形原形”，should也可也可省略。如：省略。如：Ouronlyrequestisthatthis(should)besettledassoonaspossible.Hemadethedecisionthatnothing(should)holdhimback.2. 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法虚拟语气在条件句中的用法虚虚拟语气在气在if条件状条件状语从句中的用法：从句中的用法：条件句条件
5、句从句中谓语的从句中谓语的形式形式主句中谓语的形主句中谓语的形式式表示现表示现在情况在情况动词过去式动词过去式（be的过去式的过去式用用were）should/would/might/could+动动词原形词原形条件句条件句从句中谓语的从句中谓语的形式形式主句中谓语的形主句中谓语的形式式表示将表示将来情况来情况should+动词动词原形；原形；wereto+动词原形；动词原形；动词过去式动词过去式（be的过去式的过去式用用were）should/would/might/could+动动词原形词原形表示过表示过去情况去情况had+过去分过去分词词should/would/might/could+
6、have+过去分词过去分词在在错综时间虚虚拟条件句条件句（即主句和从（即主句和从句所指的句所指的时间不一致）中，不一致）中，动词的形的形式需要根据表示的式需要根据表示的时间来来调整整。如：。如：IfIhadspokentohimyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.Ifithadrainedlastnight,itmightbeverycoldtoday.Ifsheweretoleave,Iwouldhaveheardaboutit.含蓄条件句含蓄条件句有有时虚虚拟语气的条件气的条件并不是直接通并不是直接通过条件句来表示，而是条件句来表示，而是用一些用一些词或短或短
7、语（如（如under,with,without,butfor等）等）或上下文暗示来或上下文暗示来说明明。句中的虚。句中的虚拟语气一般表示气一般表示过去的情况，去的情况，这种句子叫种句子叫含蓄条件句。如：含蓄条件句。如：Wecouldhavedonebetterundermorefavourableconditions(=ifwehadbeengivenmorefavourableconditions).Withoutyourhelp(=Ifyouhadnthelpedme),Icouldnthavesucceeded.Butfortheheavytraffic(=Ifthetraffichad
8、notbeensoheavy),wewouldhavearrivedearlier.Hewouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,buthehasbeensobusy(=ifhehadnotbeensobusy).3. 虚拟语气中虚拟语气中if的省略的省略如果如果条件从句的条件从句的谓语中有中有were,had或或should等等词，可将，可将if省略省略，而把，而把这几个几个词放在句首放在句首，其意，其意义与与带有有if的条件句相同。的条件句相同。如：如：IfIweretodothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherway.WereItodothework,Isho
9、ulddoitsomeotherway.4.虚拟语气在其它状语从句中的用法虚拟语气在其它状语从句中的用法在由在由asif或或asthough引引导的方式状的方式状语中中，虚虚拟语气的形式气的形式为动词的的过去式去式（be用用were）或）或“had+过去分去分词”。如：。如：Sheiswalkingslowlyasifsheweretired.在由在由lest,forfearthat,incase等引等引导的从的从句中句中，虚，虚拟语气的形式气的形式为“should+动词原形原形”。如：。如：IranasfastaspossiblelestIshouldbetoolate.在由在由inorde
10、rthat,sothat或或that引引导的目的目的状的状语从句中从句中，虚，虚拟语气的形式气的形式为“may/might/could+动词原形原形”。如：。如：Inorderthateverybodymayunderstandit,writeitinsimplelanguage.1.在在if条件句中的用法条件句中的用法Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfI_time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.A.havehadB.hadhadC.haveD.hadD2.特殊用法特殊用法Hadtheyknownwhatwascomingnext,they_
11、secondthoughts.A.mayhaveB.couldhaveC.musthavehadD.mighthavehad由由Hadtheyknown可知，虚可知，虚拟条件从句中条件从句中省略了省略了if，将，将had提前。从句与提前。从句与过去事去事实相相反，所以主句反，所以主句谓语用用“should/would/could/might+have+过去分去分词”。D3.虚虚拟语气在定气在定语从句中的运用从句中的运用Jackisagreattalker.Itshightimethathe_somethinginsteadofjusttalking.A.willdoB.hasdoneC.doD
12、.did4.虚虚拟语气在名气在名词性从句中的运用性从句中的运用Wherearethechildren?Thedinnersgoingtobecompletelyruined.Iwishthey_alwayslate.A.werentB.hadntbeenC.wouldntbeD.wouldnthavebeenDA 5.虚虚拟语气在气在asif/though引引导的从句中的的从句中的运用运用Donthandlethevaseasifit_madeofsteel.A.isB.wereC.hasbeenD.hadbeenB 从从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳
13、选项。入空白处的最佳选项。1.Wewouldratherourdaughter_athomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.A.wouldstayB.hasstayedC.stayedD.stayC2._themorningtrain,hewouldnothavebeenlateforthemeeting.A.DidhecatchB.ShouldhecatchC.HashecaughtD.Hadhecaught3.Peoplearerecyclingmanythingswhichthey_awayinthepast.A.ha
14、dthrownB.willbethrowingC.werethrowingD.wouldhavethrownDD5.IfMr.Dewey_present,hewouldhaveofferedanypossibleassistancetothepeoplethere.A.wereB.hadbeenC.shouldbeD.was5.We_backinthehotelnowifyoudidntlosethemap.A.areB.wereC.willbeD.wouldbeBD6._nomoderntelecommunications,wewouldhavetowaitforweekstogetnews
15、fromaroundtheworld.A.WerethereB.HadtherebeenC.IfthereareD.Iftherehavebeen7.ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifI_it?A.haddoneB.havedoneC.didD.amdoingAA8.Theywereabroadduringthemonthswhenwewerecarryingouttheinvestigation,orthey_toourhelp.A.wouldhavecomeB.couldcomeC.havecomeD.hadcomeA根据
16、括号内的汉语提示补全下列句子根据括号内的汉语提示补全下列句子。1.She_(不需要不需要亲自来亲自来)aletterwouldhavebeenenough.2.Ilostyouraddress,otherwiseI_(早就写信给你了早就写信给你了).3.Theyarealwaysmakingtrouble.Ithinkitshightimethey_(被教训一顿了被教训一顿了).neednthavecomeinpersonwouldweretaughtalessonhavewrittentoyou4.HeinsistedI_(应该打应该打个车个车)andofferedtopayforit.5.
17、Youradvicethatshe_(等到下周等到下周)isreasonable.6.IshouldnothavemadefoolofyouifI_(早想到你早想到你是认真的是认真的).7.Ifyouhadspentmoretimepracticingmakingitbefore,you_(就能把它做得更好就能把它做得更好)now.(should)takeataxi(should)waittillnexthadthoughtyouwereseriouswouldbeabletomakeweekitmuchbetter1.DavidhasneverbeentoRome,buthetalksabo
18、utitasifhe_therehimself.A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.isD.were2.Tomwasabsentfromtheparty.Otherwise,he_wonderfulprograms.A.mustperformB.wouldperformC.musthaveperformedD.wouldhaveperformedBD3.ThenewfilmdirectedbyStevenSpielbergwasveryinteresting.IwishI_itwhenitwasfirstshownlastSunday.A.sawB.haveseenC.couldseeD.
19、hadseen4.LuckilyIgottothejobinterviewontime,orI_suchagoodchancetoenterthebigbusiness.A.musthavemissedB.mustmissC.wouldhavemissedD.wouldmissDC5.Ifyourbicycle_beoutoforderwithinoneweek,wewouldexchangeitforanewone.A.couldB.shouldC.mightD.would6.Now,goodfriends,letsdrinktoourhealthand_weneverforgeteacho
20、ther.A.mayB.mightC.mustD.willBA7.AlltheevidencesuggestedJim_themoney,butMrs.Smithsuggestedwe_hisparentsaboutit.A.hadstolen;hadnttoldB.hadstolen;nottellC.steal;hadnttoldD.steal;nottell8.Theyorderedthatforeverytreecutdowntwomore_beplanted.A.mustB.canC.couldD.shouldBD9.Dontforgetyourtutorssuggestiontha
21、tyou_keepcreativeandimaginativeinordertomakesomethingdifferent.A.couldB.shouldC.mayD.need10.Hereyouareatlast!Butforthekindlady,I_bewanderinginthestreetnow.A.wouldB.canC.mayD.mustAB11.Ifshehadntbeensentonabusinesstripbyherboss,she_beherewithusnow,enjoyingtheshow.A.canB.wouldC.needD.must12.Itishightimethatwe_theproblemthatouragingsocietybringstous.A.willrealizeB.haverealizedC.realizeD.realizedBD13.DoyoumindifIturnontheTV?Idratheryou_.A.dontB.didntC.wontD.hadnt14.Theydemandedthatthegovernment_makeeveryefforttoprotectthestudentsfrombeinghurtinschool.A.mightB.shouldC.mustD.canBB
