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1、What is AIDS?AIDSstandsfor:AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndromeAIDSisamedicalcondition.ApersonisdiagnosedwithAIDSwhentheirimmunesystemistooweaktofightoffinfections.SinceAIDSwasfirstidentifiedintheearly1980s,anunprecedentednumberofpeoplehavebeenaffectedbytheglobalAIDSepidemic.Today,thereareanestimated33.
2、4millionpeoplelivingwithHIVandAIDSandeachyeararoundtwomillionpeoplediefromAIDSrelatedillnesses.What causes AIDS?AIDSiscausedbyHIV.HIVisavirusthatgraduallyattacksimmunesystemcells.AsHIVprogressivelydamagesthesecells,thebodybecomesmorevulnerabletoinfections,whichitwillhavedifficultyinfightingoff.Itisa
3、tthepointofveryadvancedHIVinfectionthatapersonissaidtohaveAIDS.ItcanbeyearsbeforeHIVhasdamagedtheimmunesystemenoughforAIDStodevelop.What are the symptoms of AIDS?ApersonisdiagnosedwithAIDSwhentheyhavedevelopedanAIDSrelatedconditionorsymptom,calledanopportunisticinfection,oranAIDSrelatedcancer.Theinf
4、ectionsarecalledopportunisticbecausetheytakeadvantageoftheopportunityofferedbyaweakenedimmunesystem.ItispossibleforsomeonetobediagnosedwithAIDSeveniftheyhavenotdevelopedanopportunisticinfection.AIDScanbediagnosedwhenthenumberofimmunesystemcells(CD4cells)inthebloodofanHIVpositivepersondropsbelowacert
5、ainlevel.Is there a cure for AIDS?Worryingly,manypeoplethinkthereisacureforAIDS-whichmakesthemfeelsafer,andperhapstakerisksthattheyotherwisewouldnt.However,thereisstillnocureforAIDS.TheonlywaytostaysafeistobeawareofhowHIVistransmittedandhowtopreventHIVinfectionHow many people have died from AIDS?Sin
6、cethefirstcasesofAIDSwereidentifiedin1981,morethan25millionpeoplehavediedfromAIDS.AnestimatedtwomillionpeoplediedasaresultofAIDSin2008alone.AlthoughthereisnocureforAIDS,HIVinfectioncanbeprevented,andthoselivingwithHIVcantakeantiretroviraldrugstodelaytheonsetofAIDS.However,inmanycountriesacrossthewor
7、ldaccesstopreventionandtreatmentservicesislimited.GloballeadershavepledgedtoworktowardsuniversalaccesstoHIVpreventionandcare,sothatmillionsofdeathscanbeaverted.Caring for a person with AIDSInthelaterstagesofAIDS,apersonwillneedpalliativecareandemotionalsupport.Inmanypartsoftheworld,friends,familyand
8、AIDSorganisationsprovidehomebasedcare.ThisisparticularlythecaseincountrieswithhighHIVprevalenceandoverstretchedhealthcaresystems.EndoflifecarebecomesnecessarywhenapersonhasreachedtheveryfinalstagesofAIDS.Atthisstage,preparingfordeathandopendiscussionaboutwhetherapersonisgoingtodieoftenhelpsinaddress
9、ingconcernsandensuringfinalwishesarefollowed.The global AIDS epidemicAround2.7millionpeoplebecameinfectedwithHIVin2008.Sub-SaharanAfricahasbeenhardesthitbytheepidemic;in2008overtwo-thirdsofAIDSdeathswereinthisregion.Parcdelespoir-AIDSMemorialParkinMontreal,CanadaTheepidemichashadadevastatingimpacton
10、societies,economiesandinfrastructures.Incountriesmostseverelyaffected,lifeexpectancyhasbeenreducedbyasmuchas20years.Youngadultsintheirproductiveyearsarethemostat-riskpopulation,somanycountrieshavefacedaslow-downineconomicgrowthandanincreaseinhouseholdpoverty.InAsia,HIVandAIDScausesagreaterlossofprod
11、uctivitythananyotherdisease.AnadultsmostproductiveyearsarealsotheirmostreproductiveandsomanyoftheagegroupwhohavediedfromAIDShaveleftchildrenbehind.Insub-SaharanAfricatheAIDSepidemichasorphanednearly12millionchildren.Inrecentyears,theresponsetotheepidemichasbeenintensified;inthepasttenyearsinlow-andm
12、iddle-incomecountriestherehasbeena6-foldincreaseinspendingforHIVandAIDS.Thenumberofpeopleonantiretroviraltreatmenthasincreased,theannualnumberofAIDSdeathshasdeclined,andtheglobalpercentageofpeopleinfectedwithHIVhasstabilised.However,recentachievementsshouldnotleadtocomplacentattitudes.Inallpartsofth
13、eworld,peoplelivingwithHIVstillfaceAIDSrelatedstigmaanddiscrimination,andmanypeoplestillcannotaccesssufficientHIVtreatmentandcare.InAmericaandsomecountriesofWesternandCentralandEasternEurope,infectionratesarerising,indicatingthatHIVpreventionisjustasimportantnowasiteverhasbeen.Preventioneffortsthathaveprovedtobeeffectiveneedtobescaled-upandtreatmenttargetsreached.Commitmentsfromnationalgovernmentsrightdowntothecommunitylevelneedtobeintensifiedandsubsequentlymet,sothatonedaytheworldmightseeanendtotheglobalAIDSepidemic.
