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1、初三英语上Unit 4 Fantastic Science Topic 1 The spaceship is so magical! 一、重点词汇：（一）词形转换：1. successful（副词）2. proper（副词）3. completely （动词）4. leader（动词）5. succeed（名词）6. hero（复数）7. physics（形容词）8. fix（同义词）1,.2. 9. introduce（名词）10. far（比较级）11.place(动词 ) 12. outside (反义词 ) （二）重点词组：1. go around 环绕23.Chinese astro
2、nauts 2. send into 24.fly to =send up,into,把 , 送入25.have an American-Chinese flight 3. congratulations on sth / to sb 祝贺某事 / 某人4. be proud of 为 , 而自豪26.the man in the screen 5. be moved by 为 , 而感动27.be famous for 6. Thanks/Thank you for +n./ving sth 感谢某人做的某事be known as 7. have physical examinations
3、做体检28.in space 8. in good/bad health 处于好（不好）的身体状态29.serve our lives 9. cant help doing 情不自禁做,30.master computer technology 10. take turns to (do sth) 轮流（做某事）11. no doubt 无疑地31.Its ones turn to do sth 12. as well as 除 , 的之外，也32. an interview with sb 13. for instance/example 例如33.manned spaceship 14.
4、work on 做 , （方面）的工作34.the two 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 11 页astronauts 15. depend on/upon 依靠，依赖35.Pleased to meet you 16. turn on (your computer) 打开36.have physical examinations Open your e-mail program 17. turn off (your computer) 关掉37.during the (whole) flight Shut down
5、.18. turn up 开大38.the sleeping bag 19. turn down 关小39.make great progress in doing sth 20. click on 用鼠标点击21. look forward to doing sth 期待做某事40.space industry 22. land successfully 41plenty of 42 The sun rises and sets. 43. the sunrise and the sunset 44.There is no doubt that . municate with . 46 com
6、municate by . 47. Keep .doing . 48.chat on line 49.get headaches or sore eyes 50 at work and at home 51.do business 52 write letters on paper 53.place and cancel orders e into being 55.connect to the Interne 56.a list of messages 57. do experiments/ an experiment 58.in a good/ bad mood 二、重点句型：1. Now
7、 big plans are being made to send up more satellites and even build a space station. 现在中国正在计划发射更多的卫星，甚至建造一个空间站。(1) 句子“ are being made”是现在进行时的被动语态，结构“be being+过去分词”。(2) 主动句中的宾补如果是不带to 的不定式时，变成被动句后，成为主补的不定式必须带 to,常见跟不带to 的复合宾语的动词有see、feel、hear、 make 等。2. I m moved by what Yang Liwei did.我被杨利伟所做的事感动了。(
8、1) What Yang Liwei did 是介词 by 的宾语从句，意为“杨利伟所做的事”(2) be moved by 为 , 而感动如：The students are moved by the old man s story.同学们为那位老人的故事而感动。3. Generally speaking, we are in good health now. 一般来说，我们现在的健康状况良好。(1) generally speaking “一般来说、大体上、大概”(2) in good/bad health 处于好（不好）的身体状况。如: He has a cold, he is alwa
9、ys in bad health. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 11 页他感冒了，他的身体状况总是不好。4. We couldn t help looking at the earth again and again. 我们忍不住再三地看着地球。(1) can t/couldn t help doing sth.忍不住做某事，不能停止做某事。如：I cant help crying. 我忍不住哭了。(2) again and again 一再，屡次，如：The teacher has told him again a
10、nd again.老师已屡次和他讲过了。5. I was able to fall asleep as soon as I got into the sleeping bag. We took turns to have a rest. 一进入睡袋我就睡着了。我们轮流休息。take turns to (do sth.) 轮流（做某事） 。The Browns take turns to look after the baby. 布朗一家轮流照看这个婴儿。6. It has proved that China has made great progress in developing its s
11、pace industry. 这证明了中国航天业的发展已取得了巨大的进步。It has proved that这证明了 ,7.There is no doubt that computers are widely used by workers in business and technology. 毫无疑问 ,电脑被商业 ,科技工作者广泛地应用. There is no doubt that ,译为“毫无疑问”如: There is no doubt that we should protect the environment. 毫无疑问我们应该保护环境。8. Computers have
12、made the world smaller, like a “ village”.电脑使得世界变小了，就像一个“村庄”。make+宾语 +形容词“使 , 怎样”如：We ll try our best to make our country more and more beautiful.我们将尽全力使我产的国家越来越美丽. 三、日常交际用语：Congratulations! Thanks for your introduction. Pleased to meet you. =Nice to meet you. It s an honor to interview you now.What
13、 do you think of ShenZhou VI? =What are your thoughts about ShenZhou VI? 四、重点语法：宾语补足语 : 宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语，与宾语一起构成复合宾语。可作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词和动词不定式等。（一）、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语作宾语补足语。如：1.We call him Jim. （名词）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 11 页我们叫他吉姆。2.We must keep our school clean every day.（
14、形容词）我们必须每天保持校园清洁。3.Call him in, please. （副词）请叫他进来。4.Leave it on the desk.（介词短语）把它留在课桌上。（二）、动词不定式作宾语补足语可分为三种情况：1.跟带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有：ask, tell, get, teach, want, invite, like, allow, wish, encourage 等。如：Tell Jane to sing us a song. 叫简给我们唱支歌。2.跟不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有“一感（feel） 、二听（ hear）,三让（ ma
15、ke, let, have）,四看（see, watch）如： Lets have a rest. 让我们休息一会儿。但这种结构变成被动语态时，to 必须加上。如：He was seen to leave the room with a book in his hand. 有人见他手拿着一本书离开这个房间。3.跟带 to 或不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。这类动词只有help。如：Can you help me (to) wash my clothes ? 你能帮我洗衣服吗？（三）、分词作宾语补足语可分为两种情况。1.现在分词作宾语补足语，经常表示正在发生的动作。可跟这类补足语的动词有：
16、see, watch, hear 等。如：I hear somebody singing in the next room. 我听见有人在隔壁唱歌。2.过去介词作宾语补足语，经常表示被动。如：You need to have your hair cut. 你需要理发了。Topic 2 When was it invented? 一、重点词汇：1. be used for +ving 被用做 ,14.be used as ,. 2. come true 实现15.an English Learning Machine 3. Its said that 据说16.digital camera 4.
17、 during/in one s life 某人一生17 mobile phone 5. be known as 以 , （身份）而著名18.a light bulb 6. know/say for certain 确切知道 /肯定地说19.in our everyday / daily life 7. all the time 一直、总是20 during/ in one s life 8. no longer=not ,any longer 不再21.visit the Science Museum 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -
18、第 4 页，共 11 页(no more, not any more) 22.cloned sheep 9. as long as 只要23.clone (名词 ) 10. as far as 就 , ，尽 ,24. include ( 介词 ) 11. make a great contribution to,对 , 作出巨大贡献25. in most living things 12. the rest of the time 在其余地时间里26.warn sb of/ about ,. 13. at any time 在任何时候warn sb that,. Warn sb not to
19、do sth warn sb against doing sth 27. In short 28. in a word 29.be useful to sb 30.advanges and disadvantages 31.man- mad “ stars” man made satellites 32.the Global Positioning System 33.work well (in doing sth ) 34 find out our position 35. explore our planet 36. the shape of the earth 37. the X-ray
20、 machine 38. in the medical field 39. have some bad effects on 40. discover illness 41 .lose one s way/ get lost 二、重点句型：1. Because I m not allowed to play computer games.因为我不可以玩电脑游戏。allow “允许、准许”的意思。常用于以下几种形式：(1) allow +n./prep 如：We can t allow such a thing.我们不容许这种事情发生。(2) allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某
21、事如：She allowed me to go fishing. 她允许我去钓鱼。(3) allow +doing sth 允许做某事如：We don t allow smoking in the reading -room. 我们不允许在阅览室吸烟。(4) be allowed to do sth 如：被允许做某事The students are allowed to play games on the play ground after school. 放学后学生们被准许在操场上做游戏。2. How do you say this in English? 这用英语怎么说？其意思与 What
22、s this in English 相同。3. It s made from wood.它用木材做的。(1) be made in 在 , 地方制造，后接表示地点的名词。(2) be made of 用 , 制造的，表示原材料未经化学变化，仍可看得出原材料。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 11 页(3) be made from 用 , 制造的，表示原材料经过化学变化，已看不出其原样。(4) be made by 由（被）, （人）制作，后接表示人的名词或代词。(5) be made into （某物）被制成,(6) b
23、e made up of 由 , 组成如：The TV set is made in Japan. 这台电视机是日本生产的。These houses are made of stones. 这些房子是由石头建造的。Paper is made from wood. 纸是木头造的。Was this cake made by your mother? 这蛋糕是你妈妈做的吗？Metal can be made into all kinds of things. 金属可以制成各种各样的物品。The medical team is made up of ten doctors. 这支医疗队由10 位大夫组
24、成。4. It s used for helping us to improve our English.它用来帮助我们提高英语水平。(1) be used for+ving be used to do （被）用来做,强调用途或作用(2)be used as （被）作为, 而用，强调被当作工具或手段来用。(3)be used by 被 , 使用，by 后跟人 /物，强调使用者。如: Pens are used for writing. 钢笔被用来写字。Wood is used to make paper. 木材被用来造纸。English is used as a foreign languag
25、e in China. 英语在中国被当作外语使用。Recorders are often used by English teachers. 英语老师经常使用录音机。5. People are surprised at the rapid development of robots. 人们为机器人的飞速发展感到惊讶。句子中 be surprised at, 是一个系表结构，表示“对 , 感到惊讶”。而 be surprised by, 是一个被动语态形式，表示“被, 所惊讶” 。如：I am surprised at you. 我对你的举动感到诧异。The manager was surpri
26、sed by what he saw on the computer. 那位经理被眼前出现在电脑屏幕上的东西所惊讶。6. They will no longer want to be our servants, but our masters. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 11 页它们将不再愿意做我们的人，而要做我们的主人。no longer（通常在动词前） ，not,any longer; not,any more（用于非正式文体中）都可表示“ （过去曾 , ）现在不再 , ”如：She no longer liv
27、es here. She doesn t live here any longer( 或 any more). 她不在这儿住了。 （过去她曾住这儿）7. This method worked well at night as long as the weather was good and the stars could be seen. 在夜间只要天气晴朗，能看见星星，这种方法就能很好地发挥作用。work well 有效as long as 只要三、日常交际用语：What s it made of from?When/where was it made? It was invented in
28、 1879. What will our future be like? I hope your dream will come true. 四、重点语法：1、 一般过去时的被动语态谓语部分的基本形式是be 的过去式was/were+及物动词的过去分词。如：When was it made? 它是什么时候制造的？It was made in 1980.它是 1980 年制造的。When was the digital camera invented? 数码像机是什么时候发明的？It was invented in 1975. 它是 1975 年发明的。2、时间前所用介词的速记歌年月周前要用in
29、，日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in。要说某日上下午，用on 换 in 才能行。午夜黄昏须用at，黎明用它也不错。at 也用在时分前，说“差”可要用上to。说“过”只可使用past，多说多练牢牢记，莫让岁月成蹉跎Topic 3 Perhaps people will fly to Mars. 一、重点词汇：1.travel by spaceship 乘宇宙飞船旅行12.go into space 2.in the future 将来13.live on Mars/ the earth 3.in order to 为了14.live in space 4.on the radio
30、 通过收音机15.in the movie 5.take part in 参加16.see the movie 6.grow up 成长、长大17.on the Internet 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 11 页7.prefer,to 喜欢 , 胜过 ,on line 8.Whats worse 更为糟糕的是18.with my own eyes 9.be worth it 有好处，值得一干19.some day 10.at a distance of 相隔one day 11.send sb a message
31、 给某人发送信息20 trave to space 21.learn a lot 22.master some basic skills 23.perform ballet 24.on the stage 25.would like to do feel like doing sth 26 be (well) worth doing sth 27.have a proper shower 28. at a distance 29. at a distance of . 30. on earth on the earth 31.be close to 32 the surface of . 33
32、.in the night sky 33.ready to eat 34.the solar system 35. send us a message /send a message to us 36.beyond so many/ much 37 the universe on other planets 二、重点句型：1. I don t think aliens can be found in space.我认为外星人不可能出现在太空里。(1)当 think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect 等动词后的宾语从句含有not 的否定词时，该否定应移至主句，
33、即否定主句的谓语动词。如：I don t think it will rain tomorrow.我认为明天不会下雨。如果主句的主语是第二、三人称，否定式一般不转移。如：He supposes they won t win the game.他猜想他们赢不了比赛。(2)can +be +过去分词，是情态动词构成的被动语态。如：This can t be done in a short time.这不是短期内能完成的。2. It has been two days since we landed on Mars. 自从我们登上火星以来已经两天了。it 用作主语谈论时间，常与since连用。如：
34、It is(或 has been) three years since we left school. 自从我们离开学校以来已经三年了。3. What s worse, our water supplies were very low.更糟糕的是，我们的水供给是非常有限的。Whats worse 更糟糕的是。类似结构还有：Whats more 更有甚者；更为重要的是。4. It s a quarter as big as the earth.它是地球的四分之一大。倍数表示法：倍数+as+形容词 /副词 +as 如： This box is three times as heavy as tha
35、t one. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 11 页这只箱子是那只箱子的三倍重。5. Mars goes around the sun at a distance of about 228 million kilometers. 恒星在相隔大约228000000 千米的地方绕着太阳转动。(1)at a distance of 相隔(2)at a distance 在远处。如：The moon goes around the earth at a distance of 380000km. 月球在距地球38 万千米的地方
36、绕地球旋转。The police followed him at a distance. 警察远远地跟着他。三、日常交际用语 : Sound great! What is it about? What fun! I can t wait.You think man can live in space one day? I Think so. I hope I can live there one day. 四、重点语法：1、情态动词的被动语态:是由“情态动词 +be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。 如：Aliens can not be seen on the earth. 在地球上不可能见到外星
37、人。Other planets may be visited soon in the future. 将来其他的星球也会有人登陆。Scientific research should be done carefully. 应该认真地进行科学研究。These trees must be watered in time. 这些树应该及时浇水。2、书面表达技巧善于衔接。一篇好作文不仅是词汇、句子的简单罗列，语句间如缺乏必要的连接过渡和照应，作文就会结构简单，句式单调，缺少灵气，而看似不显眼的衔接过渡可大大增强作文的连贯性，逻辑性和可读性。常见的语篇衔接成分见下表：逻辑关系语篇衔接成分时间关系firs
38、t,second,then, finally, suddenly, immediately, after, until, while 空间关系in front of, across, above, nearby, at the back of, next to, on one side,on the other side 对称关系on the other hand 转折关系but, however, yet, while, though, rather than, 因果关系because of, thanks to, because, since, as, , as a result, so,
39、 therefore. 条件关系as long as, if, unless, if necessary 增补关系besides, not only, but also, whats more, 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 11 页what s worse 举例for example/instance, such as, like, 评价there is no doubt that, I m not sure that, as we know, 总结in a word, in short, , Generally s
40、peaking, 被动语态一、语态概述英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。例如： Many people speak English. 谓语： speak的动作是由主语many people 来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people. 主语 English 是动词 speak的承受者。二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过
41、 be 的变化表现出来的。现以teach 为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：amisaretaught 一般过去时：wasweretaught 一般将来时：will shall betaught 现在进行时：amisare beingtaught 过去进行时：waswere beingtaught 现在完成时：havehas beentaught 歌诀是：被动语态be 字变，过去分词跟后面。三、被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是
42、谁偷的) This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于1981 年。(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如： the window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天 8 小时睡眠必须得到保证。歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。四、主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓
43、语变成被动结构(be过去分词 ) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定 be 的形式 )。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 11 页(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by 之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are madeby themin the factory.
44、歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by 短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be 后“过分”来使用。五、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词be过去分词” 构成，歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”。例如：They should do it at once. It should be done at once. 六主动形式表示被动意义1) , look, cut, sell, feel,The book sells well.这本书销路好。This knife cuts easily.这刀子很好用特殊结构： make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己 )，have sth. done ( 要某人做某事 )。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 11 页
