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1、EdgarAllanPoe(1809-1849)12o“Thedeathofabeautifulwomanis,unquestionably,themostpoetictopicintheworld.”3EdgarAllanPoeo1Lifeo2LiteraryCareero3LiteraryTheorieso4Themesinhiswriting41HisLife1).Miserablechildhood.Parentsdiedearly.2).JohnAllantookcareofhim;butdevelopedbadrelationshipandbroke.3).At17,enterin
2、gUniversityofVirginia,notfinish.EnteringtheWestPointexpelledformisbehavior.4).At27,marriedhiscousin,whodiedin1847,leavinghiminconsolable.nknsolblandbittererthanever.5).At40,died“ingreatdistress”.52.LiteraryCareer1).Asacritic:A Talk on “A twice-Told Tale”The Philosophy of CompositionThe Poetic Princi
3、ple (beauty,purepoetryandmelancholy)6o2).Asashortstorywriter:ogoodatpsychoanalysis,andartforartssake.A.Detectivestories ThePurloinedLetterTheMurdersintheRueMorgueB.Gothicstories LigeiaBlackCatTheFalloftheHouseofUsherTheCaskofAmontillado73).Asapoet:oTheRavenToHelenAnnabelLeeIsrafelSonnettoScience83Hi
4、sLiteraryTheories3.1theoryofpoetry(1)thecreationofbeauty;(2)theimmediateobjectofpoetryispleasure,nottruth;(3)Musicisessential(4)Makinggooduseofanumberofpoeticdevices.(alliteration,assonance,repetition)9oThechiefaimofpoetry“isbeauty,namely,toproduceafeelingofbeautyinthereader.”o“beautyofwhateverkind,
5、initssupremedevelopment,invariablyexcitesthesensitivesoultotears”o“Thedeathofabeautifulwomanis,unquestionably,themostpoetictopicintheworld.”103HisLiteraryTheories3.1theoryoffiction(Fatherofthemodernshortstory）1)Hepreferredthetaletootherfictionalforms,stressedtheprincipleofconcentrationandthematictot
6、ality;2)thewritermustdecidetheeffectfirstandthendeterminetheincidents;11e.g.“TheFalloftheHouseofUsher”厄舍古屋的倒塌o“Duringthewholeofadull,dark,andsoundlessdayintheautumnoftheyear,whenthecloudshungoppressivelylowintheheavens,Ihadbeenpassingalone,onhorseback,throughasingularlydrearytractofcountry;andatleng
7、thfoundmyself,astheshadesoftheeveningdrewon,withinviewofthemelancholyHouseofUsher”o(Periodicsentence)12o那年秋天，一个阴沉、昏暗、岑寂的日子，乌云低垂，厚重地笼罩着大地。整整一天，我孤零零地骑着马，驰过乡间一片无比萧索的旷野。暮色四合之际，令人忧伤的厄榭府终于遥遥在望。13o.therewasalongtumultuousshoutingsoundlikethevoiceofathousandwatersandthedeepanddanktarnatmyfeetclosedsullenlya
8、ndsilentlyoverthefragmentsofthe“HouseofUsher”.14o接下去是一阵长长的巨响，就像是千条瀑布同时倾泻。我身边的水塘逐渐恢复了平静，深深地潭水无声地吞下了“厄舍古屋”的碎石烂瓦。o我听到惊天动地的巨响经久不息，犹如万丈狂涛喧腾咆哮。脚下，那幽深阴冷的山湖，寂寂地淹没了砖残瓦碎的“厄榭府”。15“TheCaskofAmontillado”一桶白葡萄酒o“ThethousandinjuriesofFortunatoIhadborneasIbestcould,butwhenheventureduponinsultIvowedrevenge.oooOftheh
9、alfofacenturynomortalhaddisturbedthem.Inpacerequiescat!”16o对福尔图纳托加于我的无数次伤害，我过去一直都尽可能地一忍了之；可当那次他斗胆侮辱了我，我就立下了以牙还牙的誓言。o.o半个世纪以来没人再动过那些尸骨。愿亡灵安息！173)truthratherthanbeautyistheaimofthetale;4)themeritofaworkofartshouldbejudgedbyitspsychologicaleffectuponthereader184.TheThemes:Death,Revenge,andRebirth.e.g.T
10、he Cask of Amontillado19o5.themostcontroversialandmisunderstoodfigureinthehistoryofAmericanLiterature20o6oFatherofmodernshortstoryoFatherofpsychoanalyticcriticismoFatherofdetectivestoryoFatherofsciencefiction21 ToHelenoHelen,thybeautyistomeLikethoseNiceanbarksofyore，Thatgently,oeraperfumedsea,Thewea
11、ry,way-wornwandererboreTohisownnativeshore.oOndesperateseaslongwonttoroamThyhyacinthhair,thyclassicface,ThyNaiadairshavebroughtmehomeTotheglorythatwasGreeceAndthegrandeurthatwasRome。oLo！Inyoubrilliantwindow-nicheHowstatue-likeIseetheestandTheagatelampwithinthyhand,Ah！Psyche,fromtheregionswhichAreHol
12、yLand22ToHeleno海伦，你的美貌对于我，o象古代奈西亚的那些帆船，o在芬芳的海上悠然浮起，o把劳困而倦游的浪子载还，o回到他故国的港湾。o惯于在惊险的海上流浪，o你风信子的柔发，古典的面孔，o你女神的风姿已招我回乡，o回到昨日希腊的光荣，o和往昔罗马的盛况。o看！那明亮的窗龛中间，o我见你象一座神像站立，o玛瑙的亮灯擎在你手里，o哦！赛琪，你所来自的地点o原是那遥远的圣地！23Stylistic appreciation1.1.音律美音律美四步抑扬格格律：四步抑扬格格律：ABABB CDCDC EFFEF第一诗节压韵的单词：第一诗节压韵的单词：me,yore,sea bore,sh
13、ore第二诗节压韵的单词：第二诗节压韵的单词：roam，face，home,Greece,Rome242.修辞美修辞美头韵（alliteration）第一诗节中：Weary,way-worn,Wanderer.明喻（simile）第一诗节中：ThybeautyistomelikethoseNiceanbarksofyore双关（paronomasia）第二节中：havebroughthome既指“把我带回家”，也表示深层含义“使我明白并感受到”提喻（synecdoche）在第二节中以theglorythatwasGreeceandthegrandeurthatwasRome用这一古典美代指欧洲
14、整个古典美。253.意境美意境美 image，即用具体的形象或画面表达作者在理智和感情，即用具体的形象或画面表达作者在理智和感情方面的体会。方面的体会。 在第一节中在第一节中bore,第二节中第二节中roam,给人强烈的动感，称为给人强烈的动感，称为动觉意象。动觉意象。 第二节第二节thy hyacinth hair和第三节和第三节brilliant window-niche直接作用于我们的视觉，称为视觉意象。直接作用于我们的视觉，称为视觉意象。 用用perfumed sea作用于我们的嗅觉，称为嗅觉意象作用于我们的嗅觉，称为嗅觉意象。26GothicfictionoProminentfeaturesofGothicfictionincludeterror(bothpsychologicalandphysical),mystery,thesupernatural,ghosts,hauntedhousesandGothicarchitecture,castles,darkness,death,decay,doubles,madness,secrets,andhereditarycurses.oBack27
