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1、非谓语串讲非谓语串讲基本知识基本知识：1. 非谓语形式非谓语形式- 不能做谓语的动词形式不能做谓语的动词形式 主谓宾主谓宾- 谓语动词的执行者是主谓语动词的执行者是主语语谓语动词的承受者是宾语谓语动词的承受者是宾语2. 分类分类- 不定式、不定式、V-ing、过去分词、过去分词不定式、动名词、分词不定式、动名词、分词(现在现在/ 过去过去) 动名词动名词- 相当于名词用法的相当于名词用法的V-ing形式形式3. 否定形式：否定形式：not +非谓语形式非谓语形式不定式：不定式：to do/ work to be doing/ workingto have done/ worked to be
2、done/ worked to have been done/ worked 主动形式主动形式 被动形式被动形式 完成形式完成形式判断主动还是被动判断主动还是被动：非谓语形式的动词与句子主语的关系非谓语形式的动词与句子主语的关系非谓语形式的动词与句子宾语的关系非谓语形式的动词与句子宾语的关系(宾补宾补)非谓语形式的动词与前面名非谓语形式的动词与前面名/ 代词的关系代词的关系(复复合结构合结构)判断完成式：判断完成式：非谓语形式动词发生时间与句子谓语动词发非谓语形式动词发生时间与句子谓语动词发生时间的前后关系生时间的前后关系 Please get someone to repair the wa
3、shing machine. I want to get it repaired as soon as possible. He had to shout to be heard. She is said to have published 3 novels. The students were made to have their hair cut. There is no need for you to have drunk so much wine.V-ingV-ing形式形式: : (动名词动名词/ 现在分词现在分词)doing having done being done havin
4、g been done 主动形式主动形式 被动形式被动形式 完成形式完成形式判断主动、被动、完成形式的思路判断主动、被动、完成形式的思路 The lucky bird escaped being shot by the hunter. He likes doing his homework while listening to music. The teacher came in, noticing the students reading English. Our task not having been finished, we are not allowed to have a holi
5、day. Your participating in it is the greatest support for us. He never talked to us about his having stayed in Changyuan.过去分词形式过去分词形式: : (规则和不规则动词规则和不规则动词)done / worked判断被动和完成形式的思路判断被动和完成形式的思路 Seen from the hilltop, the village looks so beautiful. The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted. Ev
6、erything taken into consideration, they ought to have another chance. The building to be built/ being built is said to have been designed by Qinghua Designing Institute. The boy lay on the grassland, with his hands crossed under his head./ with his eyes looking at the sky.非谓语形式的属性：非谓语形式的属性：不定式不定式： 主
7、动、将要发生、具体一次、目的主动、将要发生、具体一次、目的动名词动名词： 动作行为的名称、概念动作行为的名称、概念 做定语表事物的用途做定语表事物的用途现在分词现在分词：主动、进行、惯常行为主动、进行、惯常行为过去分词过去分词：被动、完成被动、完成非谓语形式用法综述：非谓语形式用法综述： 1.有关不定式的几组动词用法有关不定式的几组动词用法 1). 不定式做以下动词的宾语补足语时，不不定式做以下动词的宾语补足语时，不带带to五看二听三使一感觉五看二听三使一感觉- see, watch, notice, observe, look at/hear, listen to/ have, let, m
8、ake/ feel# 以上动词为被动时，宾补为带以上动词为被动时，宾补为带to不定式不定式We have never observed him do otherwise. 2). 不带不带to 的几个句式：的几个句式：had better, would rather/ soonerthan, cannot but, can not help but, can do nothing but, have nothing to do but, Why (not) do sth.? 3).主语中含主语中含do的各种形式时的各种形式时,做表语的不定式做表语的不定式to可省可省去。去。What we ha
9、ve to do is finish the task on time. 4). seem, appear, prove, turn out, consider (认为认为) 后接的后接的 to be可省可省The man turned out (to be) a cheat. 5). advise, allow, permit, forbid, recommend 接接动词，有二种形式动词，有二种形式: His means permit him to live comfortably. To speed up training, the school permits skipping. 6)
10、. try, remember, forget, mean, stop, consider, regret, go on, cannot help后接后接to do和和doing，意义不同。，意义不同。 Youd better stop arguing and do as you are told. 7). 不定式表目的时，不定式表目的时，to do = in order to do = so as to do其否定其否定 not to do= in order not to do = so as not to do 8). 后接动词时后接动词时, 只能是不定式形式的常见动词：只能是不定式形式
11、的常见动词：agree, ask, aim, arrange, choose, decide, demand, expect, fail , happen(碰巧碰巧), help, hope, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish等等 They pretended to be working very hard.2. 2. 不定式表结果的结构不定式表结果的结构：only to do (不料不料) never to do (再没有再没有)so + adj. / adv. + as to do (如此如
12、此以至于以至于)such + n. + as to do (如此的如此的以至于以至于)too + adj. / adv. + to do (太太而不能而不能) # too +anxious, eager, ready to do only, all, but, not, never + too to do时表肯定意义时表肯定意义. It is such a sad story as to arouse our sympathy. You know but too well to hold your tongue. I am too anxious to know the test result
13、.3. 3. 不定式主动表被动的句式不定式主动表被动的句式Im to blame. The house is to let.Much remains to do. That remains to be seen.The questions are hard to understand.She has a lot of letters to write.Please give me some paper to write on. # The house needs/ wants/ requires painting. / to be painted.The book is worth readi
14、ng.The boy deserved punishing. / to be punished. The cloth washes easily.4. 4. 不定式的其它几个结构形式不定式的其它几个结构形式 1). the last/ first/ latest to come 2).疑问词疑问词+不定式结构不定式结构 who, what, which, when, where, whether, how+ to do作主语作主语,宾语宾语,表语等表语等When and where to go has not decided.The question was where to get the
15、medicine needed. 3). 表未能实现的愿望，期待和计划时，用表未能实现的愿望，期待和计划时，用不定式完成式不定式完成式He had hoped to pass the exam. He hoped to have passed the exam. 4). 须用不定式做定语的几个名词须用不定式做定语的几个名词ability, determination, ambition, attempt, desire, effort, failure, refusal+ to do等等Their refusal to sign the contract has put us in a bit
16、 of a bind. # idea, habit, method, purpose + of doingHe returned to his homeland with the purpose of serving his own people.5. to 5. to 是介词的几个短语是介词的几个短语 be used/ accustomed to, pay attention to, look forward/ back/ up to, be devoted to, be addicted to, be familiar to, be equal to, be opposed to, be
17、related to, pay a visit to, get down to, help oneself to, according to, appeal to, access to, due/ owing/ thanks to, apply to, attend to, belong to, contribute to, lead to, occur to, stick to, refer to, object to, drink to, turn to, next/ close to, live up to, see toI must see to getting the dinner
18、ready.6. 6. 有关动名词的几个句式有关动名词的几个句式It is a waste of time doing sth. It is no good / use doing sth. It is worth / worthwhile doing sth. There is no use / good in doing sth. There is no sense / point in doing sth. There is nothing worse than doing sth.# There is no need to do sth. 7. 7. 接动词时只接动名词形式的动词接动词
19、时只接动名词形式的动词承承认完成完成难想象，想象， 喜喜欢推推迟不原不原谅。 建建议冒冒险要避免，要避免， 牵涉涉实践践M3. admit/ acknowledge/ deny, finish/ complete, imagine/ fancy enjoy/ appreciate/ envy, delay/ postpone/ put off, excuse/ pardon/ forgive suggest/ advise, risk, avoid/ escape involve, practise, miss/ mind/ mentionHe grudgingly(勉勉强地地) acknow
20、ledged having made a mistake.8. 8. 有关动名词的几个结构有关动名词的几个结构feel like doing想做想做 on / upon doing 一一就就 No doing!禁止禁止 It goes without saying that 是不用是不用说的的It is needless to say that be on/ upon/ at the point of doing 快要快要make a point of doing 认为是重要的是重要的never/ not without doing 没有没有而不而不I never see her withou
21、t thinking of her mother. Whenever I see her, I think of her mother. come/ go near doing 几乎要，快要几乎要，快要come/ go to doing He went near being drowned. What do you say to doing? What/ How about doing?cant help/ avoid/ resist doing 忍不住，不得不忍不住，不得不 have trouble/ difficulty (in) doing have a good/ hard time
22、(in) doing# take great trouble to dohave a good/ hard time not to doHe was so funny that I had a hard time not to burst out laughing. far from doing 远非，非，绝非非I am far from blaming him. # His work is far from perfect. go doing - fishing, bathing, running, boating, shooting, dancing, diving, hiking, sh
23、opping, climbing, walking, hunting, etc. 9. 9. 几个短语比较几个短语比较fallen leaves/ falling leavesboiled water/ boiling waterdeveloped/ developing countries a learned mana returned soldiera retired teacher the coming week the following questionsthe rising/ setting suna hard-working peoplethe meat-eating anima
24、lsthe English-speaking countriesa good-looking ladya well-dressed man10.几个句式几个句式补充充非非谓语形式的形式的简略回答略回答Id like to.Id like to have.have sb./ sth. do have sb./ sth. doing have sb./ sth. donestart/ begin to do/ doing The leaves(物物) began to get yellow. Lucy is beginning(进行行) to cook dinner. Tony began to
25、wonder(心理活心理活动) who had done it.face, look, expression, voice, smileface, look, expression, voice, smile的定的定的定的定语语独立主格独立主格结构构Weather permitting, The task having been done, With the guide leading us, With his eyes looking at the sky, with his hands crossed under his head Stick in hand, There being no
26、 water, 悬垂垂结构：构：Judging from 从从判断判断Suppose/ supposing 假如假如Considering 考考虑到，到，鉴于于Given 考考虑到；假如到；假如Provided/ providing 如果，假如如果，假如Generally/ Frankly speaking(1) Allowing for the train being late，we should be back by 10:30(2) Considering that he has been in China for only a year，he speaks Chinese well(3
27、) Judging from his expression，hes in a bad mood(4) Broadly speaking，dogs are more faithful to man than cats(5) Generally speaking，men can run faster than women(6) Strictly speaking，its not allowed， but we wont prevent it(7) Speaking of firearms，the Kalashnikov has apparently undergone modifications
28、recently(8) Talking of airplanes，how many do we have in our country？(9) Simply statedhes a fool(10) Putting it mildly(To put it mildly )，you have caused us some inconvenience有些分有些分词因因为其其语义和用法与介和用法与介词或或连接接词极极为相似相似，实际上上已用作介已用作介词和和连接接词了了, 常常见的有的有assuming，barring，concerning， considering，excepting，given，
29、failing，granted，granting，including，provided，providing，regarding，seeing，supposing等。等。 (1)Assuming(If) the proposal is accepted，when are we going to get the money？(2)The whole group was at the party, barring (except) John(3)Concerning(With regard to) your letter，Im pleased to inform you that your plan
30、s are quite acceptable to us(4) ORouske answered all the questions excepting(except) the last one(5) Given(Considering) that there was so little time，I think theyve done a good job(6) Failing(Without) instructions，I did what I thought best(7) GrantedGranting that(Even though) he has enough money to
31、buy the house，it doesnt mean hes going to do so(8) There were twelve of us，including me and Tom(9) I dont mind Guy coming，providedproviding(so long as)he pays for his own meals(10) Regarding(ConcerningAbout) the future of China，what would your opinion be？(11) We would have a joint party，seeing that(since) your birthday is the same as mine(12) I wont stay here long，seeing as(seeing that)youre busy(13) Supposing(If) you fell in love with your boss，what would you do？
