《高考英语二轮复习 第三部分 题型强化训练 专题二 完型填空 第3课时 说明文、议论文类完形填空课件》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语二轮复习 第三部分 题型强化训练 专题二 完型填空 第3课时 说明文、议论文类完形填空课件（28页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、第第3课时说明文、议论文类完形填空课时说明文、议论文类完形填空怎么考说明类完形填空常用言简意赅的文字，按照一定的方法介绍说明做某事的步骤、过程、方法等。而议论文类完形填空通常围绕某一论点，通过推理、归纳、对比和分析等手法加以说明。对两类文体的设题仍然以实词为主，考查学生的语言综合运用能力。怎么学在平时的阅读训练中，对于说明文，要注意文中涉及到的定义、举例说明等具体信息。对于议论文要注意掌握全文主旨，抓住每段的首句、尾句、主题句，理清文章的论点、论据和结论。怎么解针对两种文体的特点，最常用、有效的方法有：寻找信息法；逻辑关系法；围绕主旨，上下求证法。1.寻找信息法完形填空寻找信息通常通过上下文的
2、语境来进行。这样，上下文通常会有和解题相关的信息，这些信息可以帮助学生解题，从而选出正确答案。【典例剖析】1.(2016浙江卷)The heat was_23_almost 125 F even in the shade of a cactus(仙人掌).23.A.inflexible B.incomprehensible C.uncomfortable D.unbearable答案D根据.almost 125 F even in the shade of a cactus(仙人掌)可知，沙漠环境让人难以承受。故选D。2.(2015安徽卷)All around the world，we can
3、 see the_50_of this throwaway lifestyle.Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.50.A.advantages B.purposes C.functions D.consequences答案D从下文的“Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.”可知，在全世界我们都可以看到这种一次性的生活方式所带来的后果(consequences)。advantage好处；purpose目的；function功能。3.(2015福 建 卷 )Several years
4、ago I _37_ a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry，who described herself as a world-class fault-finder，almost always 38(bothered) by things.37.A.received B.answered C.expected D.rejected答案A几年前，我收到了一封来自十七岁的Kerry的信。收到来信用receive。answer a letter回信；expect期待，预料；reject拒绝。2.逻辑关系法作者在对事物的步骤、过程等进行说明时，为了表达的需要，通常
5、会运用并列、转折、递进等写作手法，这些信息是解题的重要依据。【典例剖析】1.(2015安徽卷)_40_modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology，companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.40.A.Thanks to B.As to C.Except for D.Regardless of答案A“modern manufacturing(制造业)and technology”是“companies are able to produce products quickl
6、y and inexpensively”的原因，因此用thanks to“多亏，由于”。as to至于；except for除了；regardless of不管，不考虑。2.(2015北 京 卷 )Dario and his mother loved their new apartment.The living room was large enough for their piano.That night, the two of them 36(sat) side by side at the piano.They played jazz music to celebrate their n
7、ew home.The loud 37(music) filled the room and made them feel very happy.The next morning, _38_， their happiness disappeared. Someone had left a 39(note) under their door during the night.One of their neighbors had written to complain(抱怨) about the sound of the piano.Darios mother asked the building
8、 superintendent(管理员) if he knew anything about it.But he said that they were all 40(nice) people and he couldnt imagine any of them had done that.Later that morning, Dario suggested that they write a letter to their 41(neighbors) and apologize for their playing.38.A.therefore B.howeverC.otherwise D.
9、instead答案B根据上文中的“made them feel very happy”以及空后的“their happiness disappeared”可知，此处应为转折关系，故用however。3.围绕主旨，上下求证法善于从上下文中利用正向推断法，逆向推断法和正向逆向联合推断法解题。【典例剖析】(2014全国卷)As a general rule，all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine(常规)basis.As a matter of fact，we can see this _41
10、_ at work in people of all _42_.For example，on Christmas morning，children are excited about _43_ with their new toys.41.A.principle B.habitC.way D.power答案A第一句as a general rule点明主旨：通常情况下，当所有的活动以常规形式进行的时候就会变得无聊。下文的多处选项均可围绕这一主旨选择答案，故选A项，表示作者提出的是一般性的规律。42.A.parties B.racesC.countries D.ages答案D根据下文各个年龄段的
11、人群，选D项，也是围绕这一主旨论点的。43.A.working B.livingC.playingD.going答案C选C项，孩子们玩新玩具。策略三完形填空解题四防范失分防范1忽略上下语境关系不少考生做完形填空时不顾对全文的整体理解，不考虑作者的主旨、思想态度等，甚至不顾上下文的连贯逻辑，看一题做一题，顾此失彼，造成较多的失误分。【典例剖析】.I _44_ the bus and stood on the pavement not knowing what to do.I looked into the eyes of a 45(stranger)，who was trying to get
12、past me.46(Surprisingly)，instead of moving on，she stopped to ask if I was 47(OK).After I explained my _48_ to her，she pointed to a bus stop across the street，where a bus would take me back into the city to my 49(appointment).Sitting there waiting，I felt _50_ that someone had been willing to help.The
13、n，hearing a horn(喇叭)nearby，I looked up to see a car with my new friend 51(waving) at me to get in.44.A.looked at B.waited forC.got off D.ran into答案C根据上文可知，“我”下了公交车，站在人行道上不知所措。根据语境可知C项正确。有不少考生不顾上文语境而误选B项“等公交车”，导致错误。48.A.idea B.motivationC.excuse D.situation答案D根据上下文语境，当“我”向她解释了“我”的处境之后，situation处境，境况，
14、故选D。此选项如果忽略上下语境则容易误选其它选项。50.A.afraid B.gratefulC.certain D.disappointed答案B根据上下文，有人愿意主动帮“我”，“我”非常感激(grateful)。根据语境及常识可知B项正确。如果忽略下文语境“我”的思想，则容易误选D项。失分防范2忽略搭配与词义的推敲【典例剖析】.Twenty years later，the 43(woman) could guess what the professor had in mind.He _44_ himself，perhaps，as inviting his students to star
15、t an exciting _45_ into an unknown world invisible(无形的) to the 46(eye)，which can be discovered only through scientific 47(methods).44.A.described B.respectedC.saw D.served答案C句意：他可能把自己看成是在邀请学生去探索未知 世 界 。 see.as.把 看 成 ， 所 以 应 选 C项 。describe.as.“把描述为”；respect.as.“把尊为”；serve as“充当”；虽然搭配都对，但如果忽略上下文语境意义，则
16、容易导致误选。45.A.voyage B.movementC.change D.rush答案A根据句意“邀请学生开始令人激动地对未知世界的探索之旅”。所以应填voyage“航行”。B项侧重于“短暂的行为活动”，而作者意为“伟大的历程”，而C项“改变”，D项“匆忙，急促”更与文章主旨无关。失分防范3偏离主题，忽略作者意图完形填空设置选项往往在词性、词义上都是一致、相似的选项，代入设空处没有语法毛病，意义上相差甚微，此时一定要推测文章主题、作者意图、主旨等，不可马虎草率。【典例剖析】.I _38_.Thanking him，I made a time with him to listen to a
17、ll the songs and choose 39(the_ones) that I could sing.I have come full circle with his help.His _40_ still warms my heart and makes me do just that bit extra，when I have the chance.【语篇解读】我因病身体残疾，但热爱音乐。在经济困难需要挣钱补贴家用时，我想发挥自己的爱好和特长，去餐馆唱歌挣钱。在我没有足够的钱买昂贵的音乐光盘时，音乐店的老板拿出自己视为珍宝的800首歌曲随便让“我”挑选。 38.A.had to c
18、ry B.ought to cryC.should have cried D.could have cried答案D(我很感动)，可能当时我早已泪流满面，故选D项，could have cried表示“当时可能已哭了”，才真正符合作者的表达意图。A项“不得不哭”不能表达作者的“感激之情”。B项“应该哭”，C项“应该哭而没有哭”都不是作者的意图。40.A.courage B.devotionC.kindness D.trust答案C根据全文可知，作者详细描述店主对自己的帮助，店主的善举感动了作者，故选C项。kindness“友好行为，善举”。而其他选项都不是作者要表达的主旨。失分防范4只顾词义，
19、忽略语法结构近几年完形填空中很少涉及语法知识，但并不是不涉及，有时选项中某两项意义接近，甚至一样，但涉及到语法时，则只有一个最佳选项。【典例剖析】.A man will be 2(reading) the newspaper，and seconds later it _3_ as if he is trying to 4(eat) it.3.A.acts B.showsC.appears D.sounds答案C如果理解为“他的行为”或“他表现地要吃报纸”，则容易误选A或B项。此处It appears/seems as if.为固定句型，意思是“看起来好像”。此处意为“几秒钟之后，他看起来好像在吃报纸(打瞌睡)。”故答案为C项。
