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1、ExtensivereadingUnit7Book1TheCalloftheWildby JackLondonLearningobjectivesInthisunityouwill:ubefamiliarwithJackLondonandhisworksugetsomeknowledgeoftheKlondikeGoldRushuappreciatethelanguageandwritingskillinthisnovelutakeatestonfastreadingulearntoguessmeaningsofwordsfromcontextUnitoverviewuuuuuuuPre-re
2、adingdiscussionBackgroundinformationTextanalysisPost-readingdiscussionExercisesReadingskillsRelatedinformationPre-readingdiscussion1.Howdoyouunderstand theword“call”inthetitle?2.How does The Call of the Wild present thehuman-dogrelationship?Background informationJackLondon(18761916)JackLondonwasthem
3、ostpopularnovelistandshort story writer of hisday.Hewrotepassionatelyandprolificallyaboutthegreat questions of lifeand death, the struggleto survive with dignityandintegrity.JackLondonIn 1898, Jack London went to Klondike for gold mining.AftersufferingtheSepsis(败败血血症症),hisdreamofbeingagold miner bro
4、ken. At thesame time, he got plenty ofwriting materials. He wovethese elemental ideas intostories of high adventurebased on his own firsthandexperiences.JackslifeexperiencesBeing a laborer, factory worker, oyster pirate ontheSanFranciscoBay,memberoftheCaliforniaFishPatrol,sailor,railroadhobo(流流浪浪汉汉)
5、,andgoldprospector,hislifeexperiencescontributedalottohisprolificwritings.TheSailorTheGoldProspectortheRancherJackLondonsbelief“I would rather be ashes than dust! I would rather that my spark should burn out in a brilliant blaze than it should be stifled by dry-rot. I would rather be a superb meteor
6、, every atom of me in magnificent glow, than a sleepy and permanent planet. The proper function of man is to live, not to exist. I shall not waste my days in trying to prolong them. I shall use my time.”TheCalloftheWildThe Call of the Wild (1903) is a world famousanimalstory. SetinAlaskaduringtheKlo
7、ndikeGoldRushofthelate1890s,Thestoryrecordsthe“decivilization” ofBuckasheanswers“thecallofthewild”,aninherentmemoryofprimitiveoriginstowhichheinstinctivelyresponds.TheCalloftheWildThe Call of the Wild isthefirstandforemoststoryabout a dog, it displays a philosophical depthabsentinmostanimaladventure
8、s.“Old longings nomadic leap, “野野性性沉沉入入长长眠眠，Chafingatcustomschain;希希望望终终难难泯泯灭灭，Again from its brumal sleep 挣挣脱脱习习惯惯锁锁链链，Wakenstheferinestrain.”踏踏入入冰冰雪雪荒荒野野间间。”TheKlondikeGoldRushTheKlondike Gold Rush (克克朗朗 代代 克克 淘淘 金金 热热 ） wasamigrationby an estimated100,000prospectorstotheKlondikeregionoftheYukonin
9、north-westernCanadabetween 1896 and1899aftergoldwasdiscovered there by localminersonAugust16,1896.PrespectersascendingtheChilkootPass,1898TheKlondikeGoldRushKlondike could only bereached by the YukonRivereitherupstreamfromitsdelta,downstreamfromitsheadorfromsomewhereinthemiddlethroughitstributaries.
10、Travelingeneralwasmadedifficultby both the geographyandclimate.TheKlondikeGoldRushAidsforthetravelerstocarrytheirsuppliesvaried;some had brought dogs, horses, mules or oxen,whereas others had to rely on carrying theirequipment on their backs or on sleds pulled byhand.TheKlondikeGoldRushThe events of
11、 the Klondike goldrush rapidly became embedded inNorthAmericanculture,beingcapturedinpoems,stories,photographsandpromotionalcampaignslongaftertheendofthestampede. ThewriterJackLondonincorporated scenes from the goldrush into his novels set in theKlondike, including The Call of the Wild,anovelaboutas
12、ledgedog.Text analysisDeterminingthemainideaThemainideaofthetextisthat_.a.itwasnoteasyforBuck,adogfromthesouth,toliveinthenorthb.Buck, a dog from the south, began to learnlessonfromthehardlifeinthenorthc.somepeoplewereevilenoughtostealdogsandsellthemformoneyd.Buckthedogwasexposedtoharshexperiencesin
13、thenorthWhile-readingquestions1.Howmanypartscanthetextbedividedinto?Whatsthemainideaofeachpart?2.In what aspect was Buck different from thedogsinJudgeMillersplace?3.WhatisthefunctionofthedetaileddescriptionofBuckscomfortablelifeinMr.Millershouse?4.Whatisthe“lawofclubandfang”?Whatdoesitrepresent?Howi
14、sBuckintroducedtoit?TextstructureParts ContentsMainideas11Buckshappylifebeforehewenttothenorth2219Onthelongjourney,Buckexperiencedalotofthings.32031BucksfirstdayatDyeaBeachPart1Happylifeinthesouth1.WhatkindoflifedoesBucklive?2.In what aspect was Buck different from thedogsinJudgeMillersplace?3.Whati
15、sthefunctionofthedetaileddescriptionofBuckscomfortablelifeinMr.Millershouse?Part1Happylifeinthesouth1.WhatkindoflifedoesBucklive?The opening of the novel sets in the sunny,comfortable world of Judge Millers estate,whereBucklivesinspoiled,lordlycontentment.Part1Happylifeinthesouth2.In what aspect was
16、 Buck different from thedogsinJudgeMillersplace?Buckwaschiefdog.Buckwasbornhereandhasbeenlivedhere.BuckhasbeenregardedasonefamilymemberandenjoyedthelifewiththeJudgeMillerfamily.Part1Happylifeinthesouth3.WhatisthefunctionofthedetaileddescriptionofBuckscomfortablelifeinMr.Millershouse?Toformasharpcont
17、rastbetweentwoworlds:thesunny, comfortable world of Judge Millersestate, and the harsh, frigid world of theKlondike,whereheisdraggedagainsthiswill.Part2Onthejourney1.How could Manuel lead Buck away from theestate?2.WhatdidthemaninaredcoattaughtBuck?3.How do you understand the sentence “Buckwasbeaten
18、buthewasnotbroken”?Part2Onthejourney1.How could Manuel lead Buck away from theestate?WhenBuckwasledoutbyManuel,thegardener,who needed money for his big family, he thoughtitwasjustanormaleveningwalk.Part2Onthejourney2.WhatdidthemaninaredcoattaughtBuck?Bucklearnedthathestoodnochanceagainstamanwithaclu
19、b.Part2Onthejourney3.How do you understand the sentence “Buckwasbeatenbuthewasnotbroken”?Outwardly Buck was now in a miserable shapeand condition, butinwardly hemaintained hisfirmnessandsteadiness.Part3Lifeinthenorth1.WhydidBuckhateSpitz？2.Whatisthe“lawofclubandfang”?Whatdoesitrepresent?3.HowisBucki
20、ntroducedtoit?4.CanyouusesomewordstodescribeBuck?Part3Lifeinthenorth1.WhydidBuckhateSpitz?StoleBucksfoodKeptlaughingwhenCurlydiedPart3Lifeinthenorth2.Whatisthe“lawofclubandfang”?Whatdoesitrepresent?Itreferstothatman,havingthegreaterforce,isthemaster. Theweakmustsubmitandservethewilloftheconquerororb
21、ekilledStrength,notjustice,isthecentralvalue.Part3Lifeinthenorth3.HowisBuckintroducedtoit?Bucklearnsthislessonfromtwoevents.Thefirst one teaches him about the power ofviolence and about the need to give in whenthreatenedbyasuperiorforce.BucklearnsthelawofthefangwhenhearrivesinCanadaandwatchesoneofhi
22、sfellowdogs,afemaledognamedCurly,torntopiecesbyapackofhuskies.Part3Lifeinthenorth4.CanyouusesomewordstodescribeBuck?Intelligentunderstandtoobeyamanwithaclub;learntosledwellquicklyRebelliousreactingtothekidnapHardworkingenjoyedhisworkStrongRelated informationMajorthemesThefollowingthemesareevidentint
23、hestory:AdaptionAdventureConflictCourageanddeterminationDeathInterdependenceLeadershipSurvivalNaturesunpredictabilityInfluenceofCharlesDarwinsandFriedrichNietzschestheoriesDarwin, the founding father of evolution theory,taughtthatlifeinthenaturalworldconsistedofaconstant struggle for survival, in wh
24、ich only thestrong could thrive and produce offspring. This“survival of the fittest,” as Herbert Spencer, anEnglishphilosopher,termedit,wastheenginethatdroveevolution.TheworldthatLondoncreatesinThe Call of the Wild operatesstrictlyaccordingtoDarwinistprinciplesinitsbrutalityandamoralityonly the fits
25、urvive in the cruel landscape of theKlondike.influenceofCharlesDarwinsandFriedrichNietzschestheoriesNietzsche was a German philosopher whopreachedthedoctrineofthe“willtopower”asthedrivingforcebehindsociety. Moralconsiderationsweremeaningless,hedeclared,andallmembersof humanity were either masters, d
26、riven todominate others, or slaves, driven to submit.London transposes this scheme to the animalworld, using Nietzschean language repeatedly todescribe Bucks quest to achieve mastery anddominionoverhisenemies.Post-readingdiscussion1.WhatroledoMercedes,Hal,andCharlesplayin the novel? How do they func
27、tion asembodimentsoftheworstsideofcivilization?2.ComparetherolesofJohnThorntonandJudgeMiller. Who,fromthenovels pointofview,isthebettermaster?Defendyouranswer.3.Whatisthe“callofthewild”?HowdoesitaffectBucksbehaviorthroughoutthenovel?Reading skillsGuessingMeaningsofWordsfromContext(I)ConceptSynonymcl
28、uesAntonymcluesConceptContextheremeanswords,phrases,orsentencessurroundingawordandthesituationinwhichitisused.Whenyoucomeacrossanewwordinyourreading,beforelookingitupinadictionary,veryoftenyoucanguessitsmeaningfromitscontext.Thereareoftenspecificwords(contextclues)inasentence or paragraph that can h
29、elp youdeterminethemeaningofanunfamiliarword.SynonymcluesSynonymsarewordsorphrasesthataresimilarinmeaningtootherwords.Asentencewithadifficultwordoftencontainsamorefamiliarwordtomakeit easy to understand. You may recognize somesynonymsbecausetheyaresetapartbycommas,dashes, or parentheses. Usually, a
30、synonymcontext clue appears to be of the same part ofspeechasthenewword.SynonymcluesForexample:The hullabaloo expresses peoples high spirits at holiday time.Many years ago, however, the loud noises were meant to scare away the evil spirits, thus giving the new year a fresh start.“Hullabaloo”isanouni
31、nthesentence.Thephrasethathasthesamemeaningandpartofspeechis“loud noises”. So “loud noises” is a synonymcontextclueto“hullabaloo”.AntonymcluesAntonymsarewordsorphrasesthathaveoppositemeaningstootherwordsorphrases.Recognizingthatcertainwordswhichoftensignalanantonymcluecanhelpyouunderstandnewwords.Wo
32、rdsorphraseslike“or”,“but”,“while”,“asopposedto”,and “on the other hand” often signal antonymclues.AntonymcluesForexample:Linda manages money judiciously while I manage money unwisely.The word “while” signals the antonym “unwisely”youcanreasonthat“unwisely”istheoppositeof“judiciously.”thus,“judiciou
33、sly”means“unwisely”.PracticeADeterminethemeaningofeachitalicizedwordbyidentifyingitspartofspeechandlocatingitssynonym.B. Locate the word or phrase that signals theantonymclueandunderlineit.Thenunderlinethe antonym clue. Finally, select the bestmeaningfortheitalicizedword.PracticeA1.NewYearsDayisthou
34、ghtofasagoodtimetomakeNewYearsresolutionsthedecisionstodobetterintheyearjustbeginningthanyoudidintheyearthatjustended.resolutionsisa(an)_.Itmeans_.noundecisionsPracticeA2.Makesure,too,thatthecostofyourhobbydoesnot go beyond your budget or your estimatedincomeandexpense.budgetisa(an)_.Itmeans_.nounes
35、timatedincomeandexpensePracticeA3. Before the Crusades, kings had existed, buttheirrolewasmoreorlessthatofafigurehead,achiefinnameonly,inthecomplicatedfeudalsystem.figureheadisa(an)_.Itmeans_.nounachiefinnameonlyPracticeBB. Locate the word or phrase that signals theantonymclueandunderlineit.Thenunde
36、rlinethe antonym clue. Finally, select the bestmeaningfortheitalicizedword.PracticeB1.TheOvegesmethodofteachingmadescienceandmathematicsfuninsteadofachore.chore means_.a.attractionb.tiringtaskc.dutyPracticeB2.Though he was often shy in social settings,sciencebroughtouttheshowmaninhim.showman means_.
37、a.personalityattractingpublicattentionb.timidcharacterc.quicktemperPracticeB3.AlthoughtheGreeksweresaidtobedemocratic,slavesandwomenhadfewright.democratic means_.a.respectingpeoplesrightsb.warlikec.peace-lovingExercisesTextA.bB.14cdaa58dccdC.15daacd610bdabaFastreading15dabdd610bacbd1115daabaHomereading14bdcb58bbdb
