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1、书面表达的写作步骤书面表达的写作步骤1 审试题审试题 观察判断要写文章的类型和特点观察判断要写文章的类型和特点2 圈要点圈要点 要点就是考试评分的给分点或者扣分点。要求在要点就是考试评分的给分点或者扣分点。要求在能在图画图表等能在图画图表等提示上用简单词语标出所表达的内容。这样做可以防止要提示上用简单词语标出所表达的内容。这样做可以防止要点遗漏或者过分发挥。点遗漏或者过分发挥。3 定基调定基调 即定出时态语态、人称口吻、顺序段落、开头和即定出时态语态、人称口吻、顺序段落、开头和结尾结尾4 写全文写全文 选择熟悉短语和句型，一气呵成选择熟悉短语和句型，一气呵成5 改病错改病错 看看是否有要点遗漏
2、，字数是否符合要求，人称、看看是否有要点遗漏，字数是否符合要求，人称、时态、主谓一致等方面的错误，以便及时修改时态、主谓一致等方面的错误，以便及时修改6 重抄写重抄写 最后将修改好的文章抄写在考卷上指定地方。要最后将修改好的文章抄写在考卷上指定地方。要字迹工整。字迹工整。书面表达注意事项书面表达注意事项1 英语书面表达和语文命题作文不一样。它是一种指导性英语书面表达和语文命题作文不一样。它是一种指导性作文，不允许考生自行立意，不能漫无边际地发挥。字数作文，不允许考生自行立意，不能漫无边际地发挥。字数（100左右）达不到要求或者超出范围均要扣分。左右）达不到要求或者超出范围均要扣分。2 注意正确
3、使用英语标点符号和大小写。注意正确使用英语标点符号和大小写。3 文中不要出现汉语式英语，遇到不会的词汇，可以采用文中不要出现汉语式英语，遇到不会的词汇，可以采用相近意思表达即可。相近意思表达即可。4 在书写时要不勾不画，卷面美观。在书写时要不勾不画，卷面美观。附录附录 1 常见的过渡表达法常见的过渡表达法附录附录 2 英语中五种简单句型解析英语中五种简单句型解析附录附录 3 写作常见经典句型（供参考）写作常见经典句型（供参考）附录附录 4 关于写作中的一般表达和高级表达关于写作中的一般表达和高级表达附录附录 5 高考书面表达评分标准高考书面表达评分标准附录附录 6 高考书面表达常见错误及对策高
4、考书面表达常见错误及对策附录附录 1 常见的过渡表达法常见的过渡表达法一一 表示时间的过渡词表示时间的过渡词at first, next, then, after that, soon, soon/shortly after, finally, in the end, eventually, at last, lately, recently, since then, later, in no time, after a while, afterwards, to begin with, immediately, meanwhile=in the meantime=at the same ti
5、me, so far, suddenly, at the age of, as early as, as soon as, before, the other day, early in the morning, after/before dark, one day, one afternoon/evening二二 表示空间的过渡词表示空间的过渡词to the left/righton the left/right, on the opposite side, in the middle of, in front of, in the front of, at the back of, at
6、the bottom of, on the edge of, on top of, opposite to, close to, next to, near to, under, over, below, above, across, around, behind, before, against 三三 表示列举和时序的过渡词表示列举和时序的过渡词first of all, in the first place, next, and then, finally, at the same time, to begin with, lastly四四 表示举例的过渡词表示举例的过渡词for exam
7、ple, for instance, for one thing, for another, such as, like, take for example五五 表示对比或者比较的过渡词表示对比或者比较的过渡词like, unlike, similarly, in the same way, compared to/with, while, still, on the contrary, different from, on the one handon the another (hand), in common (with)六六 表示增补的过渡词表示增补的过渡词and, bothand, n
8、ot onlybut also, as well as, also=besides=furthermore=moreover,in addition, apart from, whats more, worse still=whats worse= to make things/matter worse, including七七 表示因果的过渡词表示因果的过渡词because, since=now that, as, for, therefore, thus, so, as a result, because of=on account of, thanks to, for this reas
9、on, if so, if not 八八 表示目的的过渡词表示目的的过渡词for this purpose, in order to do=so as to do, in order that=so that九九 表示让步的过渡词表示让步的过渡词 though=although, in spite of=despite, after all, even if=even though, no matter what/when/where/how =whatever/whenever/wherever/however十十 表示条件的过渡词表示条件的过渡词if, unless, so/as long
10、 as, provided that=on condition that十一、十一、 表示强调的过渡词表示强调的过渡词above all, indeed, in any case, in fact=as a matter of fact, in this case, in particular, obviously, anyway=anyhow, or rather十二、表示解释的过渡词十二、表示解释的过渡词 that is (to say), in other words, or, namely十三、表示转换话题的过渡词十三、表示转换话题的过渡词by the way, Im afraid,
11、in my opinion, to tell you the truth, to be honest 十四、表示总结的过渡词十四、表示总结的过渡词in a/one word, generally speaking, in short=in brief=in a few words, in conclusion, on the whole, as has been mentioned/stated, It is quite clear that-, There is no doubt that-, It is well known that-, as we all know=as is know
12、n to us all, as/so far as I know, to sum up= to summarize= in summary十五、表示选择或者排除的过渡词十五、表示选择或者排除的过渡词eitheror, or, without, except=but, instead of八八 表示目的的过渡词表示目的的过渡词for this purpose, in order to do=so as to do, in order that=so that九九 表示让步的过渡词表示让步的过渡词 though=although, in spite of=despite, after all, e
13、ven if=even though, no matter what/when/where/how =whatever/whenever/wherever/however十十 表示条件的过渡词表示条件的过渡词if, unless, so/as long as, provided that=on condition that十一、十一、 表示强调的过渡词表示强调的过渡词above all, indeed, in any case, in fact=as a matter of fact, in this case, in particular, obviously, anyway=anyhow,
14、 or rather十二、表示解释的过渡词十二、表示解释的过渡词 that is (to say), in other words, or, namely十三、表示转换话题的过渡词十三、表示转换话题的过渡词by the way, Im afraid, in my opinion, to tell you the truth, to be honest 十四、表示总结的过渡词十四、表示总结的过渡词in a/one word, generally speaking, in short=in brief=in a few words, in conclusion, on the whole, as
15、has been mentioned/stated, It is quite clear that-, There is no doubt that-, It is well known that-, as we all know=as is known to us all, as/so far as I know, to sum up= to summarize= in summary十五、表示选择或者排除的过渡词十五、表示选择或者排除的过渡词eitheror, or, without, except=but, instead of十六、表示转折的过渡词十六、表示转折的过渡词but, how
16、ever, still, and yet 附录附录 2 英语中五种简单句型解析英语中五种简单句型解析英语基本句型有英语基本句型有5种，即（种，即（1）主语）主语+ 连系动词连系动词+ 表语表语 （2）主语）主语+ 谓语（谓语（+状语）状语） （3）主语）主语+ 谓语谓语+ 宾语宾语 （4） 主语主语+ 谓语谓语 + 间接宾语间接宾语 + 直接宾语直接宾语 （5） 主语主语+ 谓语谓语 + 宾语宾语+ 宾语补足语宾语补足语 从从5种句型来看，一个句子的种句型来看，一个句子的核心部分是动词。也就是说我们写出来的任何句子总少不核心部分是动词。也就是说我们写出来的任何句子总少不了动词。了动词。 还有，
17、句子的主语一般是名词，代词，还有，句子的主语一般是名词，代词，-ing 形式，形式， 不定式，不定式， 主语从句或者主语从句或者the + 形容词等等。请看下形容词等等。请看下列句子的主语：列句子的主语：China is a great country.Swimming is her favorite sport.To finish that task calls for great skills and patience.What he said at the meeting surprised us all.The poor are looked down on by the rich.句
18、型一：主语句型一：主语+ 连系动词连系动词 + 表语表语常见的连系动词有：常见的连系动词有：be, look, seem appear, become, turn, get, feel, sound, smell, taste, grow, go (bad/wrong/mad/hungry/), come(true/loose), fall (asleep/ill), stay, remain, keep, stand, lie,etc.表语可以表语可以是名词，形容词，介词短语，不定式，是名词，形容词，介词短语，不定式，-ing 形式，形式，-ed分分词，副词等等。词，副词等等。句型二：句型二
19、： 主语主语 + 谓语（谓语（+ 状语）状语）此句型的谓语由不及物动词或者相当于不及物动词的短语此句型的谓语由不及物动词或者相当于不及物动词的短语来充当。状语可以由副词，形容词，名词，介词短语，不来充当。状语可以由副词，形容词，名词，介词短语，不定式，定式，-ing形式或者形式或者with的复合结构等来充当。的复合结构等来充当。句型三：句型三： 主语主语 + 谓语谓语 + 宾语宾语此句型的谓语由及物动词或者相当于及物动词的短语来充此句型的谓语由及物动词或者相当于及物动词的短语来充当。宾语可以由名词当。宾语可以由名词,代词代词,不定式不定式,-ing形式形式, 或者从句或者从句来充当来充当.句型
20、四：句型四： 主语主语 + 谓语谓语 + 间接宾语间接宾语 + 直接宾语直接宾语间接宾语和直接宾语一起称为双宾语。能够带双宾语的动间接宾语和直接宾语一起称为双宾语。能够带双宾语的动词有如下一些：词有如下一些：give, show, send, bring, offer, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, pay, allow, wish, teach, promise, award, owe, refuse, make, buy, do, fetch, get, paint, spare, cook, sing, etc.
21、句型五：句型五： 主语主语 + 谓语谓语 + 宾语宾语 + 宾语补足语宾语补足语宾语补足语由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，宾语补足语由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语， -ing形形式，式，-ed分词，不定式等充当。分词，不定式等充当。附录附录 3 写作常见经典句型（供参考）写作常见经典句型（供参考）1 It was + 时间段时间段+before/ It was not long before/ It will (not) be + 时间段时间段+before2 It is(has been) + 时间段时间段+since+ 过去时过去时3 be about to dowhen4 while(表
22、示对比表示对比) 5 Not until 的倒装句型的倒装句型/ It was not untilthat(强调强调句型句型)6 asas(not as/so as)/ more than/ more and more/the morethe more7 It +be+ 过去分词过去分词/形容词形容词/名词名词+to do/that-从句从句8 It +不及物动词（不及物动词（seem/appear/happen）+that-从句从句9 It takes sb. some time to do sth.10 There be 句型，句型， 其中其中be 可以换成可以换成stand/live/l
23、ie/come There is no need to do/There is no point in doing/There is no difficulty in doing/There is no doubt that11状语从句句型，状语从句句型， 比如比如if/unless/although/though/as long as/no matter +wh- /whetheror/even if/ in case/so that/ in order that/ sothat/suchthat12 祈使句（表条件）祈使句（表条件）+and(then)+句子（表肯定结果）句子（表肯定结果）
24、 祈使句（表条件）祈使句（表条件）+or/or else/otherwise+句子（表否句子（表否定结果）定结果）13 so as to do/in order to do14 tooto do/enough to do/only to do15 think/find/feel/consider/make +it +宾语补足语（形宾语补足语（形容词或者名词）容词或者名词）+to do16 with+宾语宾语+宾语补足语（形容词宾语补足语（形容词/介词短语介词短语/to do/doing/-ed）17 几种重要倒装句型，比如几种重要倒装句型，比如no sooner than/ hardlywhe
25、n/only+状语状语+/not onlybut also/neither(nor)/so 附录附录 4 关于写作中的一般表达和高级表达关于写作中的一般表达和高级表达解析新的高考评分细则解析新的高考评分细则,我们不难看出我们不难看出,运用高级词汇、复运用高级词汇、复杂句式和适当的过渡连接词语是书面表达得高分的重要手杂句式和适当的过渡连接词语是书面表达得高分的重要手段段.这里我们所说的一般表达和高级表达指的是词汇和句这里我们所说的一般表达和高级表达指的是词汇和句式两个方面式两个方面.1. 学会使用从句学会使用从句(1)使用定语从句使用定语从句The girl is spoken highly o
26、f. Her composition was well written. (一般一般)The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of. (高级高级) (2)使用状语从句使用状语从句 I wont believe what he says. (一般一般)No matter what he says, I wont believe. (高级高级) If you come back before six oclock, you can go out. (一般一般) You can go out on condition
27、that you come back before six oclock. (高级高级) If she doesnt agree, what shall we do? (一般一般)Supposing that she doesnt agree, what shall we do? (高级高级)2. 合理使用复杂的句型合理使用复杂的句型 When he spoke, he felt more and more excited. (一般一般)The more he spoke, the more excited he felt. (高级高级) Who will be on duty today?
28、(一般一般)Whose turn is it to be on duty today? (高级高级) She cant correctly pronounce the word. (一般一般)She has trouble in pronouncing the word. (高级高级)3. 适度使用高级词汇适度使用高级词汇(1) As a result the plan was a failure. (一般一般)The plan turned out to be a failure. (高级高级)(2) She went to Australia in order to study music
29、. (一一般般)She went to Australia for the purpose of studying music. (高级高级)(3) Because the weather was good, our journey was comfortable. (一般一般)Thanks to the good weather, our journey was comfortable. (高级高级)(4) When she heard he had died, she went pale with sorrow. (一般一般)At the news of his death, she we
30、nt pale with sorrow (高级高级)体会下列翻译是属于一般表达还是高级表达体会下列翻译是属于一般表达还是高级表达?1 一回到家他发现所有的窗户都是开着的一回到家他发现所有的窗户都是开着的.On arrival home he found all the windows open.As soon as he arrived home, he found all the windows open.The moment he arrived home, he found all the windows open.No sooner had he arrived home than h
31、e found all the windows open. 2 等了大约半个小时车之后等了大约半个小时车之后,我不耐烦了我不耐烦了,决定打的去学校决定打的去学校.After waiting for the bus for about half an hour I became impatient. Then I decided to take a taxi to school.After waiting for the bus for about half an hour I became so impatient that I decided to take a taxi to school
32、.3 我们已经有我们已经有5年没有见面了年没有见面了.It is five years since we last saw each other.We havent seen each other for five years.We havent seen each other since five years ago.4 我还没有到家就开始下雨了我还没有到家就开始下雨了.I didnt arrive home, but it began to rain.It began to rain before I arrived home.5 他直到凌晨他直到凌晨2点才回家点才回家.He didnt
33、arrive home until 2 oclock am.Not until 2 oclock am did he arrive home.It was not until 2 oclock am that he arrived home.6 王先生以前住在那间房子里王先生以前住在那间房子里.房子的后面有一个大的花房子的后面有一个大的花园园.Mr.Wang used to live in a house with a big garden behind it.Mr. Wang used to live in that house. There was a big garden behind
34、it.7 现在太晚了现在太晚了.我认为没有必要去看他我认为没有必要去看他.It is very late now. I think it is unnecessary to visit him It is so late now that I think there is no need to visit him.8 我准备出门我准备出门,就在这时邮递员送来特快专递就在这时邮递员送来特快专递.I was about to go out when the postman sent an EMS.I was leaving. Just at that time the postman sent a
35、n EMS. 请看下列来自学生习作的错句并加以改正。请看下列来自学生习作的错句并加以改正。1 I havent see you for several month. Hope you are very good.2 Suddenly I had a idea. 3 I asked he what happened.4 I am back in China. Thanks for help me in Australia.5 I felt sadly, because a few of my classmates laugh to me in class.6 Both my mother and
36、 my sister likes listen to pop music.7 Collect stamp is my favorite hobby.8 I have been to England twice two years ago. I hope you to come to China for a visit.9 I was absent yesterday because I have to look for my sister. She was ill at home10 I hurt me when playing football yesterday afternoon.(二二
37、)句子结构错误句子结构错误这种错误常见的有句子结构不完整这种错误常见的有句子结构不完整(如漏掉如漏掉be动词动词)；在表；在表达时试图用比较复杂的结构，但往往又事与愿违，丢三落达时试图用比较复杂的结构，但往往又事与愿违，丢三落四；四；2个句子之间缺乏连词或多用连词；写出断句个句子之间缺乏连词或多用连词；写出断句(sentence fragment)等等。对策是学好英语中的复合句等等。对策是学好英语中的复合句(包括定语从句，状语从句和名词性从句包括定语从句，状语从句和名词性从句)，重点把握连词，重点把握连词的用法；还要充分理解句子和句子的逻辑关系。的用法；还要充分理解句子和句子的逻辑关系。请看下
38、列来自学生习作的错句并加以改正。请看下列来自学生习作的错句并加以改正。1 My home town on the bank of the Changjiang River. 2 Guo Jingjing, who has won two gold medals, she was born in Hebei.3 This is all what I know about it.4 I have a good friend, his name is Li Lei.5 Last week our class went on a trip to a factory, it is a modern pl
39、astic factory.6 I think you should put on more clothes. Because it is very cold.7 I dont know that when they left here.8 One morning it was raining strongly. However, I was late for school.9 I dont know where is the nearest post office.10 English is not easy to learn well is a fact. (三三)中文式英语（中文式英语（
40、Chinglish）由于受母语的影响，不少学生在写作时往往习惯于用中文由于受母语的影响，不少学生在写作时往往习惯于用中文构思或把中文直接翻译成英文，造成用词不当或句子成分构思或把中文直接翻译成英文，造成用词不当或句子成分的缺失，结果经常出现不地道的汉式英语。这种错误的出的缺失，结果经常出现不地道的汉式英语。这种错误的出现在书面表达中最多。避免这种错误的正确做法是：掌握现在书面表达中最多。避免这种错误的正确做法是：掌握英语句子的基本构成英语句子的基本构成(五种简单句的结构，即主语五种简单句的结构，即主语+谓语谓语+宾语；主语宾语；主语+谓语谓语+状语；主语状语；主语+连系动词连系动词+表语；主语
41、表语；主语+谓谓语语+宾语宾语+宾语补足语；宾语补足语；主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语)；注意英文表达和中文；注意英文表达和中文表达在结构（顺序）上的不同；注意英文和中文词汇意义表达在结构（顺序）上的不同；注意英文和中文词汇意义上的差别（尤其遇到难于表达或英语中没有的词汇可以采上的差别（尤其遇到难于表达或英语中没有的词汇可以采用解释法）；注意英语中的惯用句型；多读短小精悍的文用解释法）；注意英语中的惯用句型；多读短小精悍的文章，培养语感。章，培养语感。请看下列来自学生习作的错句并加以改正。请看下列来自学生习作的错句并加以改正。1 When you come, give
42、me a telephone. ( 你来的时候你来的时候给我一个电话。给我一个电话。)2 In the football match, our class won Class 4 ( 在下在下午的足球比赛中我们班赢了午的足球比赛中我们班赢了4班。班。)3 I very like English. (我非常喜欢英语。我非常喜欢英语。)4 My name is Li HuaI and I in 1985 was born in Dalian. (我的名字叫李华。我我的名字叫李华。我1985年出生在大连。年出生在大连。)5 I have 165cm tall. My body is very goo
43、d. (我有我有1米米65。我的身体很好。我的身体很好。)6 I got No. 1 in the middle exam and then went to a key senior middle school.(我在中考中得了第一，然后我在中考中得了第一，然后上了一所重点高中。上了一所重点高中。)7 You have no need to look up every word when reading. (阅读时你没有必要查每一个单词。阅读时你没有必要查每一个单词。)8 Chinas history is very long, has over 5,000 years. (中国的历史很悠久，有中国的历史很悠久，有5000多年了。多年了。)9 Outside is very cold. You had better not go out. (外外面很冷，你最好别出去。面很冷，你最好别出去。)10 In wait for a bus, the weather began to rain. (在等在等车的时候天下雨了。车的时候天下雨了。)1.1.1.
