《阅读理解推断词句意义.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《阅读理解推断词句意义.ppt（44页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、这类试题的考点包括对这类试题的考点包括对生词生义的推测、熟词生词生义的推测、熟词生义的推测、有隐含意义的句子的意思，以及对生义的推测、有隐含意义的句子的意思，以及对that/it/they/them等等代词的确指对象的判断等。代词的确指对象的判断等。在高考广东卷每年高考题中有在高考广东卷每年高考题中有23道。道。提问方式提问方式(1)What does the underlined word “” refer to? (2)In the. paragraph, the word. means (refers to).(3)According to the passage, . probably
2、 means_.(4)The underlined phrase “”most probably means_.(5)The underlined word “” could best be replaced by _.(6)What does “” in the last two paragraphs stand for?(7) “” as used in the text means _.(8)Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word？解答这类试题最重要的方法是解答这类试题最重要的方法是理解含生词理解含生词部分
3、的上下文来部分的上下文来推测其意思。另外，注意以推测其意思。另外，注意以下小技巧：下小技巧：(1)通过表示通过表示接近或递进的接近或递进的and或或or等来确等来确定生词的义域定生词的义域，推知它的大致意义。推知它的大致意义。(2)通过生词后的通过生词后的定语、表语、同位语、逗定语、表语、同位语、逗号、括号、破折号等的解释说明号、括号、破折号等的解释说明来推测其意来推测其意思。思。(3)代词所指代的内容多在这一句的前、后句代词所指代的内容多在这一句的前、后句中中(特别是前句特别是前句)，或者前几个句子中，找到指，或者前几个句子中，找到指代的内容后把它放在那个代词的位置上，看一代的内容后把它放在
4、那个代词的位置上，看一看这句话是否合理，与前后的内容是否一致，看这句话是否合理，与前后的内容是否一致，然后再判定它是否为正确答案。然后再判定它是否为正确答案。(4)考题中若是需要推测意思的是熟词，我们考题中若是需要推测意思的是熟词，我们必须通过上下文得出其在特定场合下的特殊意必须通过上下文得出其在特定场合下的特殊意思，那些常规含义的选项不会是要选择的正确思，那些常规含义的选项不会是要选择的正确答案。答案。1. 如何判断指代关系如何判断指代关系一般说来，一般说来，that, it, they, them, one等代等代词的确指内容是在此词的前面，词的确指内容是在此词的前面，理解上下理解上下文文
5、(特别是上句特别是上句)的意思和本句的意思的意思和本句的意思是解是解题的关键。题的关键。分类训练分类训练(1) I regret that there are so few comfortable meeting places. Youre forced to live indoors. In Paris I go out much more, to restaurants and nightclubs. To meet friends here it usually has to be in a pub, and it can be difficult to go there alone a
6、s a woman. The cafes are not terribly nice. As a woman, I feel unsafe here. I spend a bomb(a lot of money) on taxis because I will not take public transport after 10 p. m. I used to use it, but now Im afraid. 58. The underlined part “it” (in Para. 2) refers to_.A.a taxi B. the money C. a bomb D. pub
7、lic transport D(2) While the changes in the tail wagging were not easily noticed without the aid of video, it was thought that the findings could help people judge the mood (心情心情) of dogs. Computer and video systems, for example, could be used by professional dog trainers to determine the mood of do
8、gs that they were required to approach(靠近靠近 ). 74. The underlined word “they” refers to .A.the dogsB. the trainersC. the systemsD. the researchersB (3) It now takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to describes and analyze species. The creators of the Encyclopedia of Life hope
9、that their new tool will speed up that process. (北京北京)62. In the last paragraph,” that process” means _.A. analyzing species B. creating a new toolC. collecting data D. describing speciesC2. 根据转折对比关系推测根据转折对比关系推测根据上下句之间表示根据上下句之间表示转折或对比关系的转折或对比关系的连接性词语连接性词语来推测词义。来推测词义。如表示转折的词有如表示转折的词有but, however, oth
10、erwise, though等等;表示对比关系的标志性词语有表示对比关系的标志性词语有unlike, while, on the other hand, in spite of, in contrast等；等；另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。相干的意义。(1)In the first case, where we dont tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen. Deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief. In
11、the process, we would lose some peace of mind and selfrespect. We would also demonstrate(证明证明) that we cannot be trusted, since we advertise our dishonor by telling our family and friends. We damage our own reputations by telling others. In contrast, bringing the error to the clerks attention causes
12、 different things to happen. Immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable(高尚的高尚的) . Upon leaving the store, we feel honorable and our selfrespect is increased. Whenever we take honorable action we gain the deep internal rewards of goodness and a sense of nobility. 48. The phrase “bringing the erro
13、r to the clerks attention” means _. A. telling the truth to the clerk B. offering advice to the clerk C. asking the clerk to be more attentive D. reminding the clerk of the charged itemA(2) In a recently published book, I came across some exercises with interesting names such as fishbone diagrams, l
14、otus flowers, and clustering. As I used these exercises in my classes, I noticed that students were interested. They said more and wrote more. They enjoyed expressing their ideas and sharing them in groups. They were no longer passively waiting for the bell, but actively took part in the lesson. I f
15、ind that creativity (创新创新)can act as a way to increase participation and improve fluency. 68. The underlined words “waiting for the bell” in this paragraph probably mean _.A.longing for a phone call B. hoping to have a bellC. expecting the end of the class D. wanting to speak in classC3. 根据因果关系推测根据因
16、果关系推测就是根据前后的因果关系来推断其中的某个生就是根据前后的因果关系来推断其中的某个生词或短语的意思。可能是由表示原因的句意推词或短语的意思。可能是由表示原因的句意推出表示结果的句子中的某个生词或短语的意思，出表示结果的句子中的某个生词或短语的意思，即即由因推果法由因推果法；也可能是由表示结果的句意推；也可能是由表示结果的句意推出表示原因的句子中的某个词或短语的意思，出表示原因的句子中的某个词或短语的意思，即即由果推因法由果推因法。表示因果关系的有。表示因果关系的有because, so that, so/suchthat等。等。(1) Each of the guests made a
17、particular fuss over Kelly, the younger one, admiring her dress, her hair and her smile. They said she was a remarkable girl to be carrying coats upstairs at her age. I thought to myself that we adults usually make a big “to do” over the younger one because shes the one who seems more easily hurt. W
18、e do it with the best of intentions. But we seldom think of how it might affect the other child. I was a little worried that Kristen would feel she was being outshined(使失色使失色 ). 56. The underlined expression make a big “to do” over (paragraph 4) means _.A. show much concern aboutB. have a special ef
19、fect onC. list jobs to be done forD. do good things forA (2) When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it came on the market in a dark blue and white package
20、blue because we think of it as safe, and white as calm. 65. The underlined part “the colours turned the customers off” means that the colours _.A.attracted the customers strongly B. had weak effects on the customersC. tricked the customers into shopping D. caused the customers to lose interestD4. 根据
21、下文描述推测根据下文描述推测就是由下文的阐述或描述来推测前面总述句的就是由下文的阐述或描述来推测前面总述句的意义，从而猜测出总句中的某个词语的意思。意义，从而猜测出总句中的某个词语的意思。(1) Being considered a leader in our society is indeed of high praise. Leadership means power, commands respect and, most important, encourages achievement. Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills cant be easil
22、y swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated. Different from popular belief, most good leaders are made, not born. They learn their skills in their everyday lives. But which do they develop? How do they (and how can you) get others to follow? 60. The underlined word “cultivated” (paragraph 1)
23、 roughly means _.A.encouragedB. comparedC. examinedD. developedD(2) Lions are opportunists. They prefer to eat without having to do too much work. When resting in the shade, they are also watching the sky to see what is flying by, and even in the heat of the day they will suddenly start up and run a
24、 mile across the plains to find out what is going on. If another animal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves. A grown lion can easily eat 60 pounds of meat at a single feeding. Often they eat until it seems painful for them to lie down. 64. By describing lions as
25、“opportunists” in the first paragraph, the author means to say that lions .A.are cruel animalsB. are clever animalsC. like to take advantage of other animalsD. like to take every chance to eatC5. 5. 根据上文内容推测根据上文内容推测就是由上文的阐述或描述来，或上就是由上文的阐述或描述来，或上下文之间的逻辑关系，推测后面某句下文之间的逻辑关系，推测后面某句话中某个生词或短语的意义。话中某个生词或短语的
26、意义。(1) When I first became a reporter I knew a man who gave up a very well paid respectable job at the Daily Telegraph to go and edit a small weekly newspaper. At the time I was astonished by what appeared to me to be his completely abnormal (反常的反常的) mental state. How could anyone turn his back on F
27、leet Street in central London for a small local area？I wanted to know. 69. The underlined phrase “turn his back on” (paragraph 6) most probably means .A. leave for B. return to C. give up D. rely onC(2) Scientists are working to use that energy to make electricity. Most waves are created when winds
28、blow across the ocean. “The wind starts out by making little ripples (涟漪涟漪), but if they keep on blowing, those ripples get bigger and bigger and turn into waves,” Taylor said. “Waves are one of natures ways of picking up energy and then sending it off on a journey.”65. The underlined phrase “pickin
29、g up” (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to _.A.starting againB. speeding upC. gatheringD. improvingC6. 根据后面的解释推测根据后面的解释推测就是根据后面的括号中、破折号后面、或就是根据后面的括号中、破折号后面、或者引号中的内容，或者后面的定语从句，者引号中的内容，或者后面的定语从句，以及以及namely 和和that is等后面的内容推测生等后面的内容推测生词或短语的意思。词或短语的意思。(1) The schools are reluctant to take time offeven
30、teachers with tickets for the EnglandArgentina game had trouble getting the day off. 59. The underlined word reluctant in the passage may probably mean_. A.kind B. unwilling C. free D. carelessB(2) Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from fam
31、ilies known to thema form of favouritism will replace equality. 82. The word “favouritism” in paragraph 3 is used to describe the phenomenon that _. A. bright children also need certificates to get satisfying jobs B. children from wellrespected(受尊敬的受尊敬的 ) schools tend to have good jobs C. poor child
32、ren with certificates are favoured in job markets D. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success B7. 根据同义关系推测根据同义关系推测根据生词所处语境中的同义或近义根据生词所处语境中的同义或近义词的意思来推测它的意思。词的意思来推测它的意思。(1) Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global war
33、ming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year, equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year. 64. The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the second paragraph means _. A.cleaning up B. taking in C. wiping out D. giving outB (2) When people w
34、ant to know about the weather, they usually go to their radios, TVs, newspapers, or to the Internet. However, you can also find many weather signs among wildlife, because of their highly developed senses. Drops in air pressure(压力压力) produce an effect on small animals in many ways. Mice and deer are
35、good weather indicators. People who spend a lot of time outdoors have observed that, before a storm, field mice come out of their holes and run around, Deer leave high ground and come down from the mountains. 45. The word “indicators” in paragraph I probably means .A.maps B. servicesC. signs D. stat
36、ionsC8. 8. 根据其它方法推测根据其它方法推测除了上述着重介绍的除了上述着重介绍的7 7种方法外，还有可种方法外，还有可以根据以根据并列关系、同类关系、比喻关系、并列关系、同类关系、比喻关系、定义关系所举实例、构词法和生活常识定义关系所举实例、构词法和生活常识等等多种方法。请再做以下练习，想想在推测多种方法。请再做以下练习，想想在推测的过程中运用了什么方法：的过程中运用了什么方法：(1) However, men quickly found more convenient and reliable ways of telling the time. They learned to us
37、e the shadows cast by the sun. They marked the hours on candles, used sand in hourglasses, and invented waterclocks. Indeed, any serious student of antique should spend as much time as possible visiting palaces, stately homes and museums to see some of the finest examples of clocks from the past. 44
38、. The underlined phrase stately homes in paragraph 4 means_.A. stateowned houses B. houses in very good condition C. grand houses open to the public D. houses where statesmen meet regularlyC(2) Onethird of the people in the village are children, and only 60 are over the age of 65. Just under half of
39、 the married women in the village have access to modem equipments.This year 28 babies will be born. Ten people will die, 3 of them for lack of food, 1 from cancer (2004广东广东)62. The underlined part “have access to” (in Para. 4) means_.A. use B. buy C. produce D. try特别提醒：特别提醒：在推测生词的过程中不一定在推测生词的过程中不一定只用一种方法，而是综合运用两种或只用一种方法，而是综合运用两种或几种方法，不管用什么方法都离不开几种方法，不管用什么方法都离不开对生词所处的上下文的理解。对生词所处的上下文的理解。A
