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1、 句法知识句法知识-2010届高考英语复习句子按其结构可以分为句子按其结构可以分为句子按其结构可以分为句子按其结构可以分为: : : :简单句、并列句、复合句简单句、并列句、复合句简单句、并列句、复合句简单句、并列句、复合句. . . .1 1）简单句）简单句）简单句）简单句: :只含一个主谓结构只含一个主谓结构只含一个主谓结构只含一个主谓结构. . 她喜欢集邮她喜欢集邮她喜欢集邮她喜欢集邮. . 2 2）并并并并列列列列句句句句: :含含含含两两两两或或或或两两两两个个个个以以以以上上上上主主主主谓谓谓谓结结结结构构构构, ,句句句句间间间间由由由由并并并并列列列列连连连连词词词词或或或或分
2、分分分号号号号 连接连接连接连接. . 食物很精美食物很精美食物很精美食物很精美, ,但他却没什么胃口但他却没什么胃口但他却没什么胃口但他却没什么胃口. . 3 3）复合句）复合句）复合句）复合句: :含一个主句和一个或几个从句含一个主句和一个或几个从句含一个主句和一个或几个从句含一个主句和一个或几个从句, ,从句由从属连词引导从句由从属连词引导从句由从属连词引导从句由从属连词引导. . 我们到达电影院的时候我们到达电影院的时候我们到达电影院的时候我们到达电影院的时候, ,电影已经开演了电影已经开演了电影已经开演了电影已经开演了. .She is fond of collecting stam
3、ps.She is fond of collecting stamps.The food was good, but he had little appetite.The food was good, but he had little appetite.The film had begun when we got to the cinema. The film had begun when we got to the cinema. 简简 单单 句句1 1）主）主）主）主+ + + +动（动（动（动（SVSVSVSV）2 2 2 2）主）主）主）主+ + + +系系系系 + + + +表（表
4、（表（表（SVPSVPSVPSVP）3）主）主+动动 +宾（宾（SVO）4）主）主+动动 +间宾间宾 +直宾（直宾（SVOiOd）5 5）主）主）主）主+ +动动动动 + +宾宾宾宾 + +补（补（补（补（SVOCSVOC）6 6）There be There be 句型句型句型句型六种基本句型六种基本句型a.You are sitting on the train home.b.There comes the bus !c.The egos potential for expansion is limitless.a.Breckenridge hosts the international
5、Snow Sculpture Championships.a.There existed a nation in the ocean.a.Our neighbors gave us a baby bird yesterday.b.We think it our duty to study well.主主主主+ + + +动（动（动（动（SVSVSVSV）主主主主+ + + +动（动（动（动（SVSVSVSV）主主主主+ + + +系系系系 + + + +表（表（表（表（SVPSVPSVPSVP）主主+动动 +宾（宾（SVO）There be There be 句型句型句型句型主主+动动 +间宾
6、间宾 +直宾（直宾（SVOiOd）主主主主+ +动动动动 + +宾宾宾宾 + +补（补（补（补（SVOCSVOC）练习：练习： 判断下列句子属于何种句式判断下列句子属于何种句式1 英语句子必须有谓语动词。英语句子必须有谓语动词。他像他爸爸。他像他爸爸。 这本书值得一读。这本书值得一读。 我反对你的意见。我反对你的意见。五种基本句型的推导：五种基本句型的推导：2 一个句子内一个句子内有且只有一个有且只有一个动词充当谓语（并列谓动词充当谓语（并列谓语除外），其余动词应为语除外），其余动词应为非谓语或从句的谓语非谓语或从句的谓语。他给我一些水喝。他给我一些水喝。He is like his fath
7、er.The book is worth reading.Im against you.He gave me some water to drink.3 英语的任何句子都由五种基本句型构成。英语的任何句子都由五种基本句型构成。它是我们判断句子正确与否的标准，是英语它是我们判断句子正确与否的标准，是英语写作、阅读写作、阅读的基础。的基础。4 注意基本句型与注意基本句型与习惯表达习惯表达。今天我玩得很开心。今天我玩得很开心。 时间不够了。时间不够了。Today I played happily.I had a good time today.Time was not enough.We had n
8、ot enough time.并并 列列 句句把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来的把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来的句子。句子。注意：连词分并列连词（并列句）和从属连词（连接从句）。注意：连词分并列连词（并列句）和从属连词（连接从句）。总结：四种类型总结：四种类型1. 由由and, not only but also, neithernor, then连接；表同等概念（表并列）。连接；表同等概念（表并列）。Not only do the nurses want a pay increase, but also they want reduced hours. 2. 由由eitheror,
9、 or, otherwise等连接；表选择等连接；表选择Either she leaves or I will. 3. 由由but, still, yet, however, while, when, whereas, nevertheless 等连接；表转折。等连接；表转折。My mother likes coffee while my father likes tea. 4. 由由so, for, therefore 等连接；表因果。等连接；表因果。He found it difficult to read, for his eyes were failing. A. Exercises：
10、17. I thought wed be late for the concert, _ we ended up getting there ahead of time.18. Search the website of the Fire Department in your city, _you will learn a lot about Firefighting.19. They were surprised that a child should work out the problem _they themselves couldnt.butandwhileB. Exercises
11、:20. I was just about to lie down to rest _I saw a snake in the grass.whenC. EXERCISE 判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：句： I hope you are very well（）. Im fine, but tired（）. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm（）. August is the hottest month here（）. It is th
12、e time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（） Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（）. Although th
13、e farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（）. But he employs more men for the harvest（）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（）. It doesnt often rain in the summer here（）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden（）. Every evening we pump water from a well（）. It then
14、runs along channels to different parts of the garden（）. Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（）. These parties often make us very happy（）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（）. Its great（）! Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion（）. Some of my friends drink beer（
15、）. I dont, because I have to drive home after the party（）. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（）. There are five different time areas in the States（）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（）. How many different time areas do you have in China（）? W
16、ell, I must stop and get some sleep（）. Please give my best regards to your parents（）. Keys ：I hope you are very well（复合句）（复合句）. Im fine, but tired（简单句）（简单句）. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm（并列句）（并列句）. August is the hottest month here（简单句）（简单句）. It is the time of
17、 year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（并列句）（并列句） Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（简单句）（简单句）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（并列复合句）（并列复合句）. We have a lot of machines on the
18、farm（简单句）（简单句）. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（复合句）（复合句）. But he employs more men for the harvest（简单句）（简单句）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（简单句）（简单句）. It doesnt often rain in the summer here（简单句）（简单句）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable ga
19、rden（简单句）（简单句）. Every evening we pump water from a well（简单句）（简单句）. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（简单句）（简单句）. Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（简单句）（简单句）. These parties often make us very happy（简单句）（简单句）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（简
20、单句）（简单句）. Its great（简单简单句）句）! Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion（简单句）（简单句）. Some of my friends drink beer（简单句）（简单句）. I dont, because I have to drive home after the party（复合句）（复合句）. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（简单句）（简单句）. There are five diff
21、erent time areas in the States（简单句）（简单句）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（简单句）（简单句）. How many different time areas do you have in China（简单句）（简单句）? Well, I must stop and get some sleep（简单句）（简单句）. Please give my best regards to your parents（简单句）（简单句）.思考？思考？ 2010广东高考与简单句、并列句广东高考与简
22、单句、并列句简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在写作中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。在语法填空中很可能要求考生填入一个适当的并列连词。如：and, but, or, while , when等的选用。另外，基础写作要求只能用5句话，熟练掌握并列句，对我们合并句子非常有用。句子的连接和标点符号句子的连接和标点符号Tips ：英语小贴士 1、句号连接两个并列句子，第二个句子的首字母大、句号连接两个并列句子，第二个句子的首字母大 写。写。 My name is Tom. I am f
23、ive.2、分号连接两个并列分句，第二个句子的首字母不、分号连接两个并列分句，第二个句子的首字母不 大写。大写。 Tom is five; he studies in a primary school.3、引号前用逗号而不用冒号，英语中没有书名号。、引号前用逗号而不用冒号，英语中没有书名号。 Tom said, “ The movie Titanic is wonderful!”1、句号连接两个并列句子，第二个句子的首字母大、句号连接两个并列句子，第二个句子的首字母大 写。写。 My name is Tom. I am five.2、分号连接两个并列分句，第二个句子的首字母不、分号连接两个并列
24、分句，第二个句子的首字母不 大写。大写。 Tom is five; he studies in a primary school.3、引号前用逗号而不用冒号，英语中没有书名号。、引号前用逗号而不用冒号，英语中没有书名号。 Tom said, “ The movie Titanic is wonderful!”重点：逗号的运用。重点：逗号的运用。1、逗号连接内部结构，即句子的状语（从句），定语、逗号连接内部结构，即句子的状语（从句），定语（从句），同位语（从句）插入语等。（从句），同位语（从句）插入语等。1). Since he is ill he is absent.2). To save c
25、lass time our teacher has us students do half of the exercises in class.3). Polar bears live mostly on sea ice which they use as a platform for hunting seals. 4). The workers most of them women are from the country.请为下列句子加上逗号。请为下列句子加上逗号。，2. 逗号加连词相当于句号，连接两个逗号加连词相当于句号，连接两个并列句子。并列句子。I am five, and I study in a primary school.Translate the sentences （注意英汉句子的标点）（注意英汉句子的标点）:我走进教室，看见他正在读书，我没有打扰他，拿了我走进教室，看见他正在读书，我没有打扰他，拿了书就出了教室。书就出了教室。When I came into the classroom, I saw him reading. I took my book and went out, without interrupting him.
