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1、20182018届届高考英语专题复习高考英语专题复习阅读理解阅读理解-推理判断题推理判断题成县陕西师范大学成州中学成县陕西师范大学成州中学高三英语组高三英语组 How to deal withquestions of inference1.1.看透文章的表面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提看透文章的表面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提 示和线索示和线索-推理的前提和基础。推理的前提和基础。2 2透过现象看本质，通过分析、综合、判断，进行透过现象看本质，通过分析、综合、判断，进行 符合逻辑的推理。符合逻辑的推理。3 3忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。
2、切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意。4 4善于全面分析，切忌片面思考。善于全面分析，切忌片面思考。推理判断题推理判断题1.Questionforms: It can be inferred from the text that . From the text we know that is most likely . What the writer really means is . The writer suggests that . The story implies that . We can infer /conclude from the passage
3、that . 这类题干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude等标志性词语。2.技巧点拨技巧点拨1)全面分析全面分析2)忠实原文忠实原文3)不要选择表层信息不要选择表层信息1.Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die
4、. Thus the beetle is called the deathwatch beetle. The sound of this beetle _.A. pleased people. B. surprised people. C. frightened people. D. excited people. It is said that people should take a lesson from the clock. The clock passes the time by keeping its hands busy. People who do what the clock
5、 does also pass the time by keeping their hands busy and not by sleeping the time away. You can tell that busy people_A. act like clocks. B. sleep the time away. C. dont do what clocks do. D. dont have hands.2. Several different bison species have lived on the North American continent since the Ice
6、Age; today only two exist. The wood bison is the larger of the two, and is now found mostly in western Canada. Better known in the United States is the Plains bison, or buffalo. At one time, herds of these animals could be sighed almost everywhere from the Appalachian Mountains in the East to the Ro
7、cky Mountains in the West. The author implies that several types of bison_. A. live outside the United States and Canada B. are well adapted to swampy terrain C. existed before the Ice Age D. have been killed or have died out3.notmentioned 4. When you make a promise to live by your being values, it
8、becomes easier to make conscious (慎重的慎重的) choices rather than reactionary (反动的反动的) ones. If your usual pattern is to talk about your problems, you could choose to think and act like a calm person. A calm person might go for a walk, or set a time limit before responding. If your usual pattern is to w
9、orry, you could choose to act like a responsible or wise person What can be inferred from the passage?A.Having values are better than being values.B.A calm person does not choose to complain.C.The way other people think of you decides who you are.D.A responsible person does not care about financial
10、security.positive negativeapproval disapprovalobjective subjectiveoptimistic pessimisticindifferent reservedneutral unbiasedcritical doubtful sarcastic/ironic 积极的，肯定的积极的，肯定的消极的，否定的消极的，否定的赞成的赞成的不赞成的不赞成的客观的客观的主观的主观的乐观的乐观的悲观的悲观的漠不关心的漠不关心的保留意见的保留意见的中立的中立的无偏见的，公平的无偏见的，公平的批评的批评的怀疑的怀疑的讽刺的，挖苦的讽刺的，挖苦的1.Quest
11、ionforms:The writers attitude toward is_.The writer thought that_.According to the author _.2.技巧点拨技巧点拨 注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子副词、动词及所举的例子，才能推断出作者的态度。5. Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news？All I read about is murder, bribery(行贿)，and death. Frankly，Im sick of all this bad news. This
12、 authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _.A. complain B. apologize C. amuse D. inform6.（江西卷）Just as crying can be healthy, not cryingholding back tears of anger, pain or sufferingcan be bad for physical health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blo
13、od pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, dont fight it. Its a naturaland healthyemotional response. According to the author, which of the following statements is true?A. Crying is the
14、 best way to get help from others.B. Fighting back tears may cause some health problems.C. We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry.D. We must cry if we want to reduce pressure.7.Around the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities. Of course, there have
15、 always been people who have looked for adventure- those who have climbed the highest mountains, traveled into unknown parts of the world or sailed in small boats across the greatest oceans. Now, however, there are people who look for an immediate excitement from a risky activity, which may only las
16、t a few minutes or even seconds. I would consider bungee jumping（蹦极跳）to be a good example of such an activity. You jump from a high place (perhaps a bridge or a hot air balloon) 200 meters above the ground with an elastic（有弹性的）rope tied to your ankles. You fall at up to 150 kilometers an hour until
17、the rope stops you from hitting the ground. It is said that about 2 million people around the world have now tried bungee jumping. Other activities which most people would say as risky as bungee jumping include jumping from tall buildings and diving into the sea from the top of high cliffs. Why do p
18、eople take part in such activities as these? Some psychologists（心理学家）suggest that it is because life in modern societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, peoples lives were constantly in danger. They had to go out and hunt for food, diseases could not easily be cured and life was a con
19、tinuous battle for survival. Nowadays, according to many people, life offers little excitement. They live and work in comparatively safe conditions; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answer for some of these people is to look for d
20、anger in activities such as bungee jumping. The writer of the text has a _ attitude towards dangerous sports.A. positive B. negative C. neutral D. nervous 8. Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news？All I read about is murder, bribery(行贿行贿)，and death. Frankly，Im sick of all this bad news. Thi
21、s authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _. A. complain B. apologize C. amuse D. inform 解析：作者一是向读者说明这份报纸上只登载解析：作者一是向读者说明这份报纸上只登载坏新闻，如凶杀、行贿受贿和死亡等；二是在坏新闻，如凶杀、行贿受贿和死亡等；二是在字里行间流露出自己的抱怨情绪（对坏新闻厌字里行间流露出自己的抱怨情绪（对坏新闻厌恶透了），故应选恶透了），故应选A A。推断作者态度推断作者态度9.Laughingisessentialtokeepyourstresslevelsu
22、ndercontrol.Withouthumorwewouldfindourselveswithalotofpsychologicalproblems,oronalotofmedicationstokeepusfromgoingcrazy.Thereistoomuchsadnessinthispresentworld.Itdrivespeoplecrazy.Weallneedtofindawaytobypassthesadnessandbringalittlelightintoourlives.So,Ibelieveourbestmedicineistogettogetherandtellso
23、mejokesandhavesomefunlaughingtogether.Whatisthewritersattitudetowardsthepresentworld?A.PositiveB.CriticalC.SatisfiedD.Indifferent推断作者态度推断作者态度 10. The theories of modern psychology have stepped in to argue that we must understand the needs of our children. Children are not just small adults; they are
24、 children who must be respected as such. Well, you may say, this is as it should be, and a good idea. But think further. What happens? “Education” becomes the responsibility not of teachers, but of psychologists. What happens then?. What is the authors attitude toward the theories of modern psycholo
25、gy? A. Uninterested B. Tolerant C. Satisfied D. Critical推断作者态度推断作者态度1.Questionforms:(1) 考查整篇文章的写作目的A. The writers purpose of writing this passage is to _.B. What is the purpose of writing this article?C. In writing the passage, the author intends to _.(2) 考查某处细节的写作意图A. The writer uses the example of
26、to show that _.B. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _.C. are mentioned in the first paragraph to _. 2.常见的写作目的归纳常见的写作目的归纳 不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的, 但写作目的通常有以下三种：(1) to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑）(2) to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）(3) to inform readers（告知读者某些信息）常见于常见于故事类故事类的
27、文章。的文章。tomakepeoplelaugh;totellaninterestingexperience常见于常见于广告类广告类的文章。的文章。tosellaproductoraservice;toattractmorevisitors/readers/audience多见于多见于科普类科普类新闻报道类新闻报道类文化类或文化类或社会类社会类的文章的文章。3.技巧点拨技巧点拨(1) 根据根据文体类别文体类别推断写作目的推断写作目的(2) 从从写作手法写作手法来推断写作目的来推断写作目的11. “Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lift
28、ed up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage
29、to _.A. test the readers knowledge about waves B. draw the readers attention to the topicC. show Jamie Taylors importance D. invite the readers to answer them12. A young man from a village called Nawalapitiya married a young woman from Maliyuwa, a nearby village. They lived with the mans big family-
30、his parents, his brothers, their wives and children. The family kept an elephant, in which the young woman soon took a great interest. Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar. Three months later the woman went back to her parents home, having quarreled with her husband. Soon the elephant refused t
31、o eat or work. It appeared to be ill and heart-broken. One morning after several weeks the animal disappeared from the house. It went to the womans home. On seeing her, the elephant waved its trunk and touched her with it. The young woman was so moved by the act of the animal that she returned to he
32、r husbands home. The writer wrote the story in order to_. A. show that elephants are very clever B. tell how a woman trained a wild animal C. show that women care more for animals than men do D. tell how an animal reunited a husband and wife1.Questionforms:The passage is most likely to be taken from
33、_.Where would this passage most probably appear?The passage is most likely a part of _.2.解题技巧解题技巧 这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：出处：(1)报纸报纸(2)广告广告(3)产品说明产品说明(4)网络等网络等 13.（全国卷）Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed?
34、” Read the following directions and see if you understand them. To reduce pain, take two tablets(药片) with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. For night-time and early morning relief (缓解疼痛) take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours.
35、For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount . For children under six years old, ask your doctors advice. Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine.This text is most probably taken from a _. A. textbookB. newsreel C. doctors notebookD.
36、 bottle of medicine14.More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously injured（受伤）each year. At a speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a third floor window. Wearing a seat belt（安全带）saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by m
37、ore than half. Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt. If you do not, you could be fined up to $ 50. It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt. But it will be the drivers responsibility（责任）to make sure that children under 14 d
38、o not ride in the front unless they are wearing seat belt of some kind. However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing（倒退）your vehicle or you are making a local delivery（发送）or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wea
39、ring it. Make sure these circumstances（情形）apply to you before you decide not to wear your seat belt. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it. This text is taken from _. A. a medical magazine
40、 B. a traffic police report C. an advertisement D. a government information booklet （小册子）More than 30,000 are killed or seriously injured each year.you could be fined up to $ 50Remember you may be taken to court you may be fined a police report2.解题技巧解题技巧推测下文的内容：根据作者的思路进行推理，特别是最后两三句话。推测上文的内容：关注第一段，特别
41、是文段开始的几句话。1.Questionforms:The next paragraph would most probably deal with _The paragraph preceding this one would most likely discuss _.15. When early humans hunted and gathered food, they were not in control of their environment. They could only interact with their surroundings as lower organisms
42、did. When humans learned to make fire, however, they became capable of altering their environment. To provide themselves with fuel they stripped bark from trees, causing the trees to die. Clearings were burned in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater grazing area for the w
43、ild animals that humans fed upon. This development led to farming and the domestication of animals. Fire also provided the means for cooking plants which had previously been inedible. Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level of sophistication was it possible f
44、or humans to follow other pursuits such as the founding of cities. The paragraph following this passage would most likely be about _. A. fire B. hunting C. farming D. urbanization 16.William, Shakespeare said, “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn(纱线纱线), good and ill together. ” The above brief
45、review of the application of only one part of human activitiesscience seems to prove what Shakespeare said. But does it have to be so? Must the ill always go together with the good? Are we biologically programmed for war? What do you think the author is most likely to suggest if he continues to writ
46、e? A. Further application of science to war. B. More reading of William Shakespear. C. Proper use of science in the new century. D. Effective ways to separate the good from the ill.推断上下文内容推断上下文内容1 1、推断隐含意义、推断隐含意义, ,必须吃透相必须吃透相关文段的意思。关文段的意思。 2 2、推断作者的写作意图，应当、推断作者的写作意图，应当关注主题句关注主题句, ,同时把握文章的体同时把握文章的体裁也可以推断作者的写作目的。裁也可以推断作者的写作目的。Conclusion3 3、推断作者的观点，应当全面、推断作者的观点，应当全面理解文章的内容及文章的中心理解文章的内容及文章的中心思想。思想。4 4、推断下文的内容，必须特别、推断下文的内容，必须特别关注最后一段的内容关注最后一段的内容, ,尤其是最尤其是最后的两三句话。推断上文的内后的两三句话。推断上文的内容，关注第一段，特别是文段容，关注第一段，特别是文段开始的几句话。开始的几句话。
