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1、新世纪大学英语-(第二版)-综合教程3-电子教案-BOOK3-UNIT3ReadandExploreUnit3FriendshipGetStartedListenandRespondOptionalClassroomActivitiesEnhanceYourLanguageAwareness1.Doyouhaveanygoodfriends?Whatdoyouusuallydowithyourfriendswhenyouaretogether?2.Whatkindofpeopledoyouliketomakefriendswith?3.Doyouthinkfriendshipisanecess
2、ityinlife?Whyorwhynot?Sitingroupsofthreesorfoursanddiscussthefollowingquestions.Getstarted-discussionGetStarted-QuotesStudythefollowingquotesaboutfriendship.Whichquote(s)doyoulikebest?Why?Quote1Truefriendshipisaplantofslowgrowth.GeorgeWashingtonInterpretation:Just like plants, friendship needsnurtur
3、ing.Plantsfollowthelifecycleofseeds,shootsandflowersbeforethey bear fruits. True friendshipgrowsinmoreorlessthesameway.Ittakestimetomature.ClickPictureQuote2Beslowinchoosingafriend;slowerinchanging.BenjaminFranklinInterpretation:Friends and friendships may havegreatinfluenceonourlivesandmaylastaslon
4、gaswelive.Soweshouldbe careful when choosing a friendand should be even more carefulwhenwedecidetoendthefriendship.ClickPictureQuote3Amanshouldkeephisfriendshipsinconstantrepair.SamuelJohnsonInterpretation:Itisimportanttomaintainfriendships.Long-standing friendshipsshouldbeconstantlystrengthenedandd
5、eveloped;otherwisetheymayfadeorevenbelostforever.ClickPictureQuote4Truefriendshipislikesoundhealth;thevalueofitisseldomknownuntilitislost.CharlesCalebColtonInterpretation:Friendship is compared to health.One often fails to see the value ofhealthuntilitislost.Thesameistrueoffriendships.ClickPictureGe
6、tstarted-watchinganddiscussionForrest Gumpisa1994Americanfilm.ThestorydepictsthelifeofForrest Gump, a slow-witted yet athletically talented man whowitnesses,andeveninfluences,somedefiningeventsintheUnitedStatesbetween1944and1982.WatchthefollowingvideoclipaboutyoungForrestandJennyandcompletethetaskst
7、hatfollow.clickherevideo1.Answerthefollowingquestions. videoclickhereJennysvoice.JennywasfriendlytoForrest.2)Whatdidtheyusuallydotogetherasfriends?Theywerealwaystogether,learningfromeachotherandbeinghappy.1) Whatis“thesweetestvoice”ForrestGump heard? Why was it thesweetestvoice?2. The film Forrest G
8、ump has become a classic. How will you describe thefriendshipbetweenForrest,adumbboy,andJenny,abeautifulgirl?videoJennyisfriendlyandForresthonestandsincere,botheagerforlovingfriends,andbotheagertopleasetheother.inwardlyad. inonesmind;secretly 在内心；暗自地outwardlyad. onthesurface;inappearance外表上，表面上wrong
9、doingn. bad,evil,orillegalbehaviour坏事；不道德或不法的行为Listen and Respond Word Bankbringtoanend causesth.tofinish,usu.afterlastingsometime 使某物结束，终止unbelievablea. verysurprising非常惊人的Listen and Respond Word BankChoose the best answer to each of thefollowingquestionsaccordingtotheinformationcontainedintheliste
10、ningpassage.L&R 2L&R 21.Whendopeoplecomeintoyourlife“forareason”?A)Whentheyknowyouwell.B)Whenyouneedtheminlife.C)Whenyoucansupporttheircareer.D)Whentheyarewillingtolistentoyourtroubles.L&R 22.Whowillendthefriendshipwiththepersonthatisinyourlifeforareason?A)Thepersonhimself.B)You.C)Neitheryounorthepe
11、rson.D)Bothyouandtheperson.L&R 23.Whatdoesa“friendforaseason”mean?A)Someonewhoisgoodatmakingyoulaugh.B)Someonewhoteachesyouhowtohavefun.C)Someonewhowillstayinyourlifeforashorttime.D)Someonewhocomesintoyourlifeonlyforfun.L&R 24.Whatisalifetimefriend?A)Someonewhoalwayshelpsyououtofdifficulties.B)Someo
12、newhounderstandsyoubetterthananyoneelse.C)Someonewhohasexperiencedhardshipswithyou.D)Someonewhotogetherwithyoumakesupasinglesoulintwobodies.L&R 25.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A)Threedifferentstagesoffriendship.B)Threedifferenttypesoffriendshipinourlife.C)Threedifferentwaysofgettingalongwithpeople.D)
13、Threedifferentlessonsonhowtobegoodtoyourfriends.L&R 3Listentotherecordingagainandfillineachoftheblanksaccordingtowhatyouhaveheard.1.Peoplecomeintoourlifefora,fora2.orfora.2.Whenyouwhypeoplecomeintoyourlife,youwillknowexactlywhattodo.3.Whensomeoneisinyourlifeforareason,itisusuallytoyouhaveexpressedou
14、twardlyor.Theyhavecometohelpyououtofadifficulty,ortoprovideyouwithand.L&R 3reason_season_lifetime_figureout_meetaneed_inwardly_ guidance_support_L&R 34.When people come into your life for a season, theymaybringyouormakeyou5.5.Lifetimefriendshipsarebasedonand6.betweenyouandyourfriend.Lifetimefriendsh
15、ipsteachyoulifetimeandyoushouldlearntothem.anexperienceofpeace_laugh_trust_understanding_lessons_accept_1.Whydopeopletendtohaveathinunderstandingoffriendship?2.What are the three kinds of friendship according toAristotle?3.What does Cicero emphasize in his definition of friendship?4.Whatismeantby“vi
16、rtuousfriends”accordingtotheclassicalview?Main IdeaExercise1:AnswerthefollowingquestionswiththeinformationcontainedinTextA.Main IdeaExercise2:TextAcanbedividedintofourPartswiththeparagraph number(s) of each part provided as follows.Writedownthemainideaofeachpart.Main IdeaShewasangry,yettheboysfather
17、encouragedhimtothrowsand.PartPara(s).Main IdeaI1II2-5III6IV7Its necessary to review some classical views offriendshipinordertoacquireabetterunderstandingofit.According to Aristotle, there are three kinds offriendship,whicharerespectivelybasedonutility,pleasureand goodness. Friendship based on goodne
18、ss is perfectand totally different from friendship based on utility orpleasure.According to Cicero, true friendship is only possiblebetweengoodmen.Insuchfriendshipsandrelationships,thosewhopossessanysuperioritymustregardthemselvesasequalsofthosewhoarelessfortunate.Virtuousfriendsareboundbymoralexcel
19、lence,whichinvolvesahighlevelofdevelopmentandexpressionofthealtruisticemotionsofsympathy,concernandcare. Friendship is an eternal theme in human history. A life without friendship is hard to imagine. But what is friendship? Read the following text and see if you can gain some new insights into the t
20、rue meaning of friendship.In-Depth1Whenweapproachthenotionoffriendship,ourfirstproblemisthat there is a lack of firmly agreed and socially acknowledgedcriteriaforwhatmakesapersonafriend.Inonesetting,wemaydescribesomeoneasafriend;inanother,thelabelmayseemlessappropriate. Therefore, people tend to hav
21、e a very thinunderstanding of what friendship really means. To help usunderstandwhatfriendshipreallymeans,weneedtoreviewsomeclassicalviewsoffriendship.In-DepthWhatisFriendship?Michele E. Doyle & Mark K. SmithIn-Depth2OneclassicalviewoffriendshipisprovidedbyAristotle,thefamous ancient Greek philosoph
22、er.Aristotle distinguishesbetweenwhathebelievestobegenuinefriendshipsandtwootherforms:onebasedonmutualusefulness,theotheronpleasure.So,accordingtoAristotle,wemayfindthreekindsoffriendship:3Friendshipbasedonutility.Utilityisanimpermanentthing:itchanges according to circumstances. When the ground forf
23、riendshipdisappears,thefriendshipalsobreaksupbecausethatiswhat keeps it alive. Friendships of this kind seem to occur mostfrequentlybetweentheelderly,becauseattheiragewhattheywantis not pleasure but utility. Friendships based on utility are alsofrequently found among those in middle or early life wh
24、o arepursuing their own advantage. Such persons do not spend muchtimetogether,becausesometimestheydonotevenlikeoneanother,andthereforefeelnoneedofsuchanassociationunlesstheyaremutuallyuseful.Theyeachotherscompanyonlytheyhavehopesofadvantagefromit.In-DepthtakepleasureininsofarasIn-Depth4Friendshipbas
25、edonpleasure.Friendshipbetweentheyoungisthoughttobegroundedonpleasure,becausethelivesoftheyoungareregulatedbytheirfeelings,andtheirchiefinterestsareintheirownpleasureandtheopportunityofthemoment.Astheygrowup,however,theirtasteschangetoo,sothattheyarequicktomakeandtobreakfriendships.Thatiswhytheyfall
26、inandoutoffriendship quickly, changing their attitude often, even within thesameday.Buttheyoungdoliketospendthedayandlivetogether,becausethatishowtheyrealizetheobjectoftheirfriendship.5Friendshipbasedongoodness.Perfectfriendshipisbasedon goodness. Only the friendship of those who are good, andsimila
27、rintheirgoodness,isperfect.Anditisthosewhodesirethegoodoftheirfriendsforthefriendssakethatarethetruestfriends,because each loves the other for what he is, and not for anyincidentalquality.Theconductofgoodmenisthesameorsimilar.Itisbetweengoodmenthatbothloveandfriendshiparechieflyfoundandinthehighestf
28、orm.Suchfriendshipsarerarebecausemenofthiskindarefewandtheyneedtimeandintimacy;forasthesayinggoes,truefriendsmustgothroughtrialsandtribulationstogether.Andnotwopersonscanaccepteachotherandbecomefriendsuntileachhasprovedtotheotherthatheisworthyoflove,andsowonhistrust.Thewishforfriendshipmaydeveloprap
29、idly,buttruefriendshipdoesnot.In-Depth6AnotherclassicalviewoffriendshipcanbefoundinthewritingsofCicero,anancientRomanstatesmanandorator.Hiswritingsonethics, the philosophy of religion and natural law have beeninfluential. According to Cicero, true friendship is only possiblebetweengoodmen.Hefurtherd
30、efines“thegood”as“thosewhoseactionsandlivesleavenoquestionastotheirhonor,purity,equity,andliberality;whoarefreefromgreed,lust,andviolence;andwhohavethecourageoftheirconvictions.”Thefriendshipbetweengoodmen,basedonvirtue,doesoffermaterialbenefits,butitdoesnotseekthem.Moreover,justasinfriendshipsandre
31、lationships,those who possess any superiority must regard themselves asequalsofthosewhoarelessfortunate,sotheselattermustnotbeannoyedatbeingsurpassedingenius,fortune,orrank.In-Depth7Thus,wemayseethatthetraditionalideaoffriendshipismadeupofthreecomponents:Friendsmustenjoyeachotherscompany;theymustbeu
32、sefultooneanother;andtheymustshareacommitmenttothegood.Accordingtotheclassicalviews,virtuousfriendsareboundtogether,astheyrecognizeeachothersmoralexcellence.Toperceiveafriend,therefore,isinamannertoperceiveoneself;andtoknowafriendisinamannertoknowoneself.Eachcanbesaidtoprovideamirrorinwhichtheotherm
33、ayseehimself.Themoralexcellenceoffriendship,thus,involvesahighlevelofdevelopmentandexpressionofthealtruisticemotionsofsympathy,concernandcare.Friendshipofthiskindnecessarilyinvolvesconversationsaboutwell-beingandofwhatmightbeinvolvedinlivingthegoodlife.In-DepthvoicingWorkingroupsofthreesorfoursanddi
34、scussthefollowingstatementsaboutfriendship.Thenshareyourideaswiththewholeclass.1.Friendsmustbeusefultoeachother.2.Friendship between the young is grounded onpleasure.3.Permanentfriendshipexistsonlybetweengoodmen.Key words (B)KeyWordsforTextBkeencorrespondgraspbrilliantgazesensibleunfoldappointExpres
35、sions (B)castan/oneseye(s)overteardownmakea/onesfortunelosetrackofturnuptryforsth./tryoutforsth.passoncheck(up)on(as)sureasfateallofasuddenbe(placed/put)underarrestdropover/by1.Inthedoorwayofadarkenedhardwarestorestoodaman,withanunlightedcigarinhismouth.(Para.2)2)Studyuseoffullinversioninthissentenc
36、e.Then,maketwosentenceswithfullinversion.Atthebottomofthestepssattheyoungcouple.Downfellagreatpileofplatesanddisheswithaloudcrash.1)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.只见一个光线黯淡的五金店门口，站着一个人，嘴里叼着只见一个光线黯淡的五金店门口，站着一个人，嘴里叼着没有点燃的雪茄。没有点燃的雪茄。Sentences2) Study the italicized part and then translate thefollowing
37、sentenceintoEnglish,imitatingtheuseofed inthissentence.我们冲进了房子。房门因常年失修已经倒塌了。2.Thewaitingmanpulledoutahandsomewatch,the lids of it set with small diamonds.(Para.9)Werushedintothehouse,thedoorofitcollapsedfromlongyearsofneglect.1)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.那守候的人掏出一只精致的怀表，表盖上缀满了小粒钻石。那守候的人掏出一只精致的怀
38、表，表盖上缀满了小粒钻石。Sentences这里不能改成定语从句which，是模仿课文句子的过去分词短语带主语结构一一张张苍苍白白的的脸脸，方方下下巴巴，目目光光敏敏锐锐，右右边边眉眉毛毛附附近近有有一一道道白色的细小伤疤。白色的细小伤疤。3. Then a tall man in a long overcoat, with the collarturneduptohisears,hurriedacrossfromtheoppositesideofthestreet.(Para.18)1)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.一个身着大衣、衣领立起的高个子男人从街对
39、面匆匆走了过来。一个身着大衣、衣领立起的高个子男人从街对面匆匆走了过来。Sentences2)Translate the followingdescriptionsof onesappearancefromthistextintoChinese.Hewasofapowerfulbuild(Para.1)apale,square-jawedfacewithkeeneyes,andalittlewhitescarnearhisrighteyebrow.(Para.5)他身材魁梧他身材魁梧Para.1ComprehensionQ1Q1Q2Q2Q3Q3Whatwasthepolicemandoingt
40、hatnight?Didhelooklikeaqualifiedpoliceman?Whatdoes“aguardianofthepeace”referto?Paras.2-5Q4Q4Q1Q1Q2Q2Q3Q3Why did the policeman suddenly slow hiswalk?Whydidthemanspeakuptothepolicemanquickly?Whywasthemantherelatethatnight?Didthepolicemanfinallyseethefaceofthemanstandinginthedarkness?How?comprehensionP
41、ara.6ComprehensionQ4Q4Q1Q1Q2Q2Q3Q3Whatisthisparagraphabout?Whydidthetwofriendspartthatnight?Whatdidthemanmeanbysaying“YoucouldnthavedraggedJimmyoutofNewYork;hethoughtitwastheonlyplaceonearth”?Why did they plan to meet again exactlytwentyyearsfromthatdateandtime?Paras.7-9ComprehensionQ4Q4Q1Q1Q2Q2Q3Q3
42、Q5Q5DidthemanhaveanyideawhatJimmywasdoinginNewYork?Whatdoyouthinkofthemanasafriend?WhatdidthemanthinkoftheWest?WhatcanyouinferfromPara.9?Did the man feel certain that his friendJimmywouldturnupandmeethimthere?Paras.10-16ComprehensionQ QWhat did the policeman do after sayinggoodbyetotheman?Para.17Com
43、prehensionQ1Q1Q2Q2Whatdoesthisparagraphtellus?Whydoestheauthordescribetheweather?Paras.18-25ComprehensionQ4Q4Q1Q1Q2Q2Q3Q3Whatdoestheword“cried”implyinPara.20?InBobseyes,whathadbeenthegreatestchangeinJimmyWells?Whathappened20minuteslater?Why did the new arrival ask the question“doubtfully”(Para.19)?P
44、aras.26-29ComprehensionQ1Q1Q2Q2Q3Q3HowdidBobrealizethatthemanwasnotJimmyWells?InBobseyes,whathadbeenthegreatestchangeinJimmyWells?Whydidtheysimultaneouslyturntogazeupontheothersfaceatthecorner?WhydidBobstopsuddenlyandreleasehisarm?Para.30ComprehensionQ1Q1Q2Q2Q3Q3Beforegoingtothepolicestation,whatdid
45、thetallmanaskBobtodo?Whowasthetallman?WhydidhecometomeetBob?HowdidNewYorkpoliceknowaboutBob?Paras.31-32ComprehensionQ4Q4Q1Q1Q2Q2Q3Q3WhydidJimmydecidetohaveBobarrested?WhydidJimmysay“SomehowIcouldntdoitmyself”?Bobshandwassteadywhenhebegantoreadthenote,butittrembledwhenhehadfinished.Why?WhendidJimmyWe
46、lls,thepoliceman,gettoknowthatBobwasthemanwantedbythepolice?Dividetheclassintogroupsoffoursanddramatizethe story “After Twenty Years” by role-playing thestory-teller (O. Henry), Jimmy, Bob and the plain-clothesman.OptionalUseful ExpressionsUsefulExpressionsfromTextAChineseEquivalencesUsefulExpressio
47、nsfromTextAChineseEquivalentsociallyacknowledgedcriteriafor社会公认的社会公认的标准标准describeas把把叫做叫做mutualusefulness互利互利basedonutility基于功利基于功利changeaccordingtocircumstances依照环境而变化依照环境而变化pursueonesownadvantage追逐个人利益追逐个人利益takepleasureineachotherscompany乐于呆在一起乐于呆在一起Useful ExpressionsUsefulExpressionsfromTextAChin
48、eseEquivalencesUsefulExpressionsfromTextAChineseEquivalentbegroundedonpleasure建立在愉悦之上建立在愉悦之上asthesayinggoes常言道常言道gothroughtrialsandtribulationstogether同甘共苦同甘共苦winonestrust赢得某人的信任赢得某人的信任befreefrom摆脱摆脱regardasequals视视为平等的人为平等的人shareacommitmentto都有志于都有志于Useful ExpressionsUsefulExpressionsfromTextAChine
49、seEquivalencesUsefulExpressionsfromTextBChineseEquivalentbeofapowerfulbuild身材魁梧身材魁梧hearfromonesfriend与朋友通信与朋友通信theoppositesideofthestreet街对面街对面listenwithinterest饶有兴致地听着饶有兴致地听着brilliantwithelectriclights灯光明亮灯光明亮attheappointedplace在约定的地点在约定的地点aplainclothesman便衣警察便衣警察1.Studythefollowingsentencescontain
50、ingnomatterwhat,wheneverandwhatever.GrammarGrammar3.Wefiguredthatintwentyyearseachofusoughttohaveourdestinyworkedoutandourfortunesmade,whatevertheyweregoingtobe.(Para.6,TextB,Unit3)2.Well,weagreedthatnightthatwewouldmeethereagainexactly twenty years from that date and time, no matter what our condit
51、ions might be or from what distance wemighthavetocome.(Para.6,TextB,Unit3)1.Andwheneverthosehandssoughtmineinthefinaldaysofhislife,hepressedthembothtogetheraroundoneofmyhands.(Para.1,TextB,Unit2)Grammarwh-+ever和和nomatterwh-一、语法意义一、语法意义表示“无论什么”，一般wh-+ever引入状语从句时，都等于nomatterwh-。e.g.Whoever(=Nomatterwh
52、o)youare,doyourduty.Ithasthesameresult,whichever(=nomatterwhich)wayyoudoit. Wherever(=Nomatterwhere)hegoes,heishappytohelpothers.Grammarwh-+ever和和nomatterwh-二、二、wh-+evernomatterwh-的情况的情况当whatever,whichever和whoever引入名词从句时，不能用nomatterwh-替换。e.g. She gave whoever asked for a copy of her latest paper.Dow
53、hateveryoulike. Whicheveryoutakewillbeyours.NowdothetasksonPage82inyourtextbook.Grammar2.Thestructureitisthat/whoisusedtoachieveemphasis,asshowninthefollowingsentencestakenfromTextA. GrammarGrammar2. It isbetweengoodmenthatbothloveandfriendshiparechieflyfound (Para. 5)1.Andit isthosewhodesirethegood
54、oftheirfriendsforthefriendssakethataremosttrulyfriends(Para. 5)Grammar强调句型强调句型Itisthat/who一、基本语法意义一、基本语法意义Itisthat/who句型可用来强调句子中除了谓语动词的其他部分。e.g.Itwasclearlytheheadmasterhimselfwho/thatopenedthedoor.(强调主语)ItwasaNewYearcardthathesentme.(强调宾语)ItwaslightbluethatTedpaintedhisbedroom.(强调补语)Itmighthavebeen
55、inthestorethatIlostmywallet.(强调状语)Itwasnotuntilhegotamapthathestartedonhisway.(强调状语)Grammare.g.Clearlytheheadmasterhimselfopenedthedoor.HesentmeaNewYearcard.Tedpaintedhisbedroomlightblue.Imighthavelostmywalletinthestore.Hedidntstartonhiswayuntilhegotamap.强调句型强调句型Itisthat/who注意：这样的句子中，可以去掉Itiswho/tha
56、t这个外加成分，句意依然完整。以上例句去掉表示强调的成分后（下划线部分是被强调的部分）：GrammarNow, do the tasks on pages 82-83 in yourtextbook.SupposeyouwereJimmyWellsinTextB.WriteaboutyourfriendshipwithBobfromchildhoodto the moment when Bob was arrested. Youmay follow the chronological sequence ofeventsoruseflashbackanarrativetechniquethata
57、llowsawritertopresentpastevents during current events. Be sure toincludebothfactsandopinionsinyourwriting.writingThencamethedayweweresupposedtomeet.Iwasonmybeatthen.Walkinguptotheappointedplacewhichhadbeen turned into a hardware store, I saw a man standingthere with an unlighted cigar in his mouth.
58、Before I couldspeak,hetoldmethathewaswaitingforafriendbythewritingSampleWritingBob and I became brother-like friends in our childhood.We played, dined and discussed our ambitions together.Oncegrownup,hestartedfortheWesttomakehisfortunewhile I became a policeman in New York. Before hisdeparture,wehad
59、dinnertogetherandweagreedthatwewouldmeetatthesameplaceexactlytwentyyearsfromthatdate and time, no matter what our conditions might be orfromwhatdistancewemighthavetocome.writingnameofJimWells.Whenhestruckamatchtolighthiscigar,Isawapalefacewithkeeneyesandascar. Irecognizedhimimmediately.ItwasBob,andi
60、twasalsothefaceofthemanwantedbytheChicagoPolice.ForamomentIfeltliketelling him to escape right away. After all, we had beenfriendsforsomanyyearsandhehadtraveledallthewaytoseeme!Butthenmysenseofdutytoldmetherightthingtodo.Isaidgood-byetohimandcontinuedmypatrol,hislastwordsstillringinginmyear:“Illwait
61、forhalfanhour.Jimmywillkeephispromiseifhesalive”IthensentforaplainclothesmanandhadBobarrested.SampleWritingThank You!1.Hints: playing games, listening to music, goingshopping, seeing movies, chatting on the Internet,exchanginggossips,KeytoDiscussion(1-1)KeytoDiscussion(1-2)2.Hints:a)Birdsofafeatherf
62、locktogether;b)kindness, diligence, intelligence, humor; ready torenderhelp;sharethesamehobbies,KeytoDiscussion(1-3)3.Yes, I think friendship is a necessity in life. Just as fishcannot live without water, we cannot live without friends.Withoutfriends,lifewouldbeboringandbarren.a)Friends are companio
63、ns who share both our joys andsadness.b)Friends are mirrors through which we can see our ownstrengthsandweaknesses.c)Friendsaretoleranttowardsusandhelpusmakeprogress.d)In times of difficulty, friends give us support andencouragement.About George Washington (1732-1799): the firstPresidentoftheUS.Wash
64、ingtonwascommander-in-chiefof the colonial army during the American RevolutionaryWar.AfterthewarhewaselectedPresidentoftheUnitedStatestwice,butrefusedtoremaininthepositionforathirdtime.KeytoQuotesAboutBenjaminFranklin(1706-1790):aUSpolitician,writer, and scientist. He was involved in writing twohist
65、orically significant documents, the Declaration of Independence (独立宣言)and the Constitution of the United States (美国宪法).Heisfamousforprovingthatlightningisaformofelectricitybydoingascientifictest in which he flew a kite during a storm, and heinventedthelightningconductor.Heisalsowellknownforhislitera
66、ryworkssuchasPoor Richards Almanac (穷理查德年鉴1732-1757；亦译作格言历书、穷理查历书)andAutobiography(自传1790).KeytoQuotesAboutSamuelJohnson(1709-1784):aBritishcriticanddictionary writer. He is famous for his Dictionary of the English Language (1755), the first comprehensivedictionaryoftheEnglishlanguageeverpublished.H
67、ewasconsideredanexcellentconversationalist(善于辞令的人).His intelligent, amusing, and interesting words are stillwidelyquotedtoday.KeytoQuotesAbout Charles Caleb Colton (1780-1832): an Englishclergymanandauthor.Hewrotealargebodyofwritingsinhisshortlife,whichendedwithsuicideafteranillness.Hisaphorisms(格言，
68、警句)aboutfriendship,integrity(正直,诚实),wealth,andknowledgeareoftencitedeventothisday.KeytoQuotes(IdontrecallwhatIgotformyfirstChristmas,andIdontknowwhenIwentonmyfirstoutdoorpicnic,butIdorememberthefirsttimeIheardthesweetestvoiceinthewideworld.)Jenny:Youcansithereifyouwant.(Ihadneverseenanythingsobeauti
69、fulinmylife.Shewaslikeanangel.)Jenny:Well,areyougoingtositdownorarentyou?Jenny:Whatswrongwithyourlegs?Forrest:Nothingatall,thankyou.Mylegsarejustfineanddandy.(Ijustsatnexttoheronthatbusandhadaconversationallthewaytoschool.)Forrest:Mybackscrookedlikeaquestionmark.(NexttoMama,nooneevertalkedtomeoraske
70、dmequestions.)ScriptforWatchingandDiscussionJenny:Areyoustupidorsomething?Forrest:Mamasays,“Stupidisasstupiddoes.”Jenny:ImJenny.Forrest:ImForrest,ForrestGump.(Fromthatdayon,wewerealwaystogether.Jennyandmewaslikepeasandcarrots.Shetaughtmehowtoclimb.)Jenny:Comeon,Forrest,youcandoit.(Ishowedherhowtodan
71、gle.Shehelpedmelearnhowtoread,andIshowedherhowtoswing.Sometimes,wedjustsitoutandwaitforthestars.)Forrest:Mamasgoingtoworryaboutme.Jenny:Juststayalittlelonger.(Forsomereason,Jennydidneverwannatogohome.)Forrest:OK,Jenny,Illstay.(Shewasmymostspecialfriend.)ScriptforWatchingandDiscussionScriptforL&RARea
72、son,aSeasonandaLifetimeWemeetthousandsofpeopleinourlife.Somecomeintoour life for a reason, some for a season, and some for alifetime.Whenyoufigureoutwhichitis,youwillknowexactlywhattodo.WhensomeoneisinyourlifeforaREASON,itisusuallyto meet a need you have expressed inwardly or outwardly.Theyhavecomet
73、ohelpyououtofadifficulty,ortoprovideyouwithguidanceandsupport.Then,withoutanywrongdoingonyourpartoratacertaintime, this person will say or do something to bring therelationship to an end. Sometimes they die; sometimes theyjustwalkaway;andsometimestheyforceyoutodosomethingthatyoudonotlike.ScriptforL&
74、RWhenpeoplecomeintoyourlifeforaSEASON,itistimefor you to share, grow, or learn. They may bring you anexperienceofpeaceormakeyoulaugh.Theymayteachyousomething you have never done. They usually give you anunbelievableamountofjoy,butonlyforaseason.LIFETIMEfriendshipsarebasedontrustandunderstanding betw
75、een you and your friend. Together, youhavegonethroughgoodtimesaswellasbadtimes.Lifetimefriendshipsteachyoulifetimelessons.Andyourjobistoacceptthelessonsandlovethepeoplewhoteachyouhowtobegood.So,whatisalifetimefriend?Itisasinglesoulintwobodies. 1.Whydopeopletendtohaveathinunderstandingoffriendship?It
76、 is because there is a lack of sociallyacknowledgedcriteriaforwhatmakesapersonafriend.Keytodiscoveringthemainideas(Ex.1.1) 2.WhatarethethreekindsoffriendshipaccordingtoAristotle?They are friendship based on utility, friendshipbased on pleasure and friendship based ongoodness.Keytodiscoveringthemaini
77、deas(Ex.1.2) 3.WhatdoesCiceroemphasizeinhisdefinitionoffriendship?Heemphasizesthe elementof virtueinfriendship.Keytodiscoveringthemainideas(Ex.1.3) 4.Whatismeantby“virtuousfriends”accordingtotheclassicalview?Virtuous friends possess moral excellence andshareacommitmenttothegood.Keytodiscoveringthema
78、inideas(Ex.1.4)describeasstatesb./sth.tobesb./sth.;call把叫做；称作He describes himself as a doctor; but in fact, heknowslittleaboutmedicine.Ihesitatetodescribehimasreallyclever.我很难说他真聪明。我很难说他真聪明。KeyWordsforTextA-describeasclassicala.no comp. based on or belonging to an old orestablishedsystemofprinciples
79、ormethods,e.g.inartorscience;traditional无比较级经典的；传统的Didshemainlystudyclassicalliteratureormodernliterature?DoyoupreferclassicalmusiclikeMozart,orpop?你喜欢如莫扎特那样的古典音乐还是流行音乐？你喜欢如莫扎特那样的古典音乐还是流行音乐？KeyWordsforTextA-classicalclassic/classicalclassical强调“传统”，可以表达2个不同意思：1.“遵循传统风格的”，如aclassicalcomposer“一个古典作曲家”
80、。2.“古希腊古罗马的”，如aclassicalscholar“研究古希腊古罗马的学者”。classic可以表达3个不同意思：1.描述某物已经被认定在同类中具有相当高质量，如aclassicmovie“一部优秀影片”；2.表达“典型的”，如aclassicmistake“一个典型错误”。3.表达“优雅但是很简单而且传统的”，如aclassicdesign“一个经典的设计”。KeyWordsforTextA-classicaldistinguishbetweenrecognizedifferencesbetween辨别，分清The two paintings are quite similar.
81、 I cantdistinguishbetweentheoriginalandthefake.English law clearly distinguishes between murderandmanslaughter.英国法律明确了英国法律明确了“谋杀谋杀”和和“过失杀人过失杀人”的区别。的区别。KeyWordsforTextA-distinguishbetweenutilityn.1.fmlthedegreeofusefulness正式有用，实用，效用Itisaresearchprojectwithlimitedpracticalutility.Beliefintheutilityofh
82、ighereducationissharedbystudentsnationwide.全国学生都相信高等教育是有用的。全国学生都相信高等教育是有用的。KeyWordsforTextA-utility2. C esp. pl. a service such as gas or electricityprovidedforpeopletouse公用事业（如水电煤气等）Rescueteamsworkeddesperatelytorestoreutilitiesintheareashatteredbythehurricane.救援小组竭力抢修在飓风中毁坏的水电煤气等公用设救援小组竭力抢修在飓风中毁坏的
83、水电煤气等公用设施。施。groundn.Cesp. pl.reason(s)orjustificationforsaying,doingorbelievingsth.尤作复数说话、做事或相信某事的原因或理由The company has reasonable grounds to dismisshim; he was late for work three times last weekdespiteconstantwarnings.Hehadbeenfiredfromhisjobonthegroundsofincompetence.因为不称职他被解雇了。因为不称职他被解雇了。KeyWords
84、forTextA-groundbreakupcomeorbringtoanend,esp.byseparating结束；解散Shehasdoneeverythingpossibletopreventtheirrelationshipfrombreakingup.The party had to break up because of a suddenpowercut.由于突然停电，聚会不得不解散。由于突然停电，聚会不得不解散。KeyWordsforTextA-breakuptakepleasurein(doing)sth.enjoy(doing)sth.以（做）某事为乐；喜欢（做）某事Heta
85、kesgreatpleasureintakingpicturesofbirds.Sheseemedtotakepleasureinoursuffering.她似乎对我们的痛苦幸灾乐祸。她似乎对我们的痛苦幸灾乐祸。KeyWordsforTextA-takepleasurein(doing)sth.insofarastothedegreethat到程度IwillhelpyouinsofarasIcan.ThisisthetruthinsofarasIknowit.就我所知，这就是事实。就我所知，这就是事实。KeyWordsforTextA-insofarasgroundvt.(on)base常与o
86、n连用根据；以为依据Sallysargumentissoundlygroundedonfacts.Theprofessorstheoryisgroundedontheresultsofhisexperiments.教授的理论以他的实验结果为依据。教授的理论以他的实验结果为依据。KeyWordsforTextA-groundregulatevt.control,esp.byrules;bringorderormethodto(尤指以规章)控制，管理Hismotherstrictlyregulateswhatbookshereadsinhissparetime.This section of th
87、e highway is regulated bypolicemen24hoursaday.警察警察24小时管制这段公路。小时管制这段公路。KeyWordsforTextA-regulateregulationn.asthesayinggoesaccordingtoasaying正如俗话所说，常言道As the saying goes, “A friend in need is a friendindeed.”“Thereisnosmokewithoutfire”,asthesayinggoes.常言道：无风不起浪。常言道：无风不起浪。KeyWordsforTextA-asthesayingg
88、oestrialsandtribulationstroublesandeventsthatcausesuffering艰难困苦She has gone through trials and tribulations inbringingupthreechildrenallbyherself.Aftermanytrialsandtribulations,wefinallyreachedourdestination.我们经历了千辛万苦，终于到达目的地。我们经历了千辛万苦，终于到达目的地。KeyWordsforTextA-trialsandtribulationsinfluentiala.havin
89、ggreatinfluenceorimportance有很大影响（力）的She is one of the most influential figures in localpolitics.Thestudylooksattheinfluentialroleofprofessionalathletesinpubliclife.本研究探讨职业运动员在大众生活中的影响力。本研究探讨职业运动员在大众生活中的影响力。KeyWordsforTextA-influential她是当地政治生活中最有影响力的人物之一。她是当地政治生活中最有影响力的人物之一。influencen. & v.asto(used
90、esp. when speaking of arguments and decisions)onthesubjectof;concerning（尤用于争论和作出决定时）有关，关于She had no idea as to whether he was the rightpersonforthejob.Astowherewellgetthemoney,letstalkaboutthatlater.至于我们从哪得到这笔钱，以后再讨论。至于我们从哪得到这笔钱，以后再讨论。KeyWordsforTextA-astohavethecourageofones(own)convictionsbebravee
91、noughtodoorsaywhatonethinksisright有勇气去做或说出自己认为正确的事Hehadthecourageofhisconvictionsandwasstillpursuinghisstudiesattheageof80.If they had the courage of their convictions, theymightgetmorepeoplevotingforthem.如果他们敢于去做自己认为正确的事情，就有可能赢如果他们敢于去做自己认为正确的事情，就有可能赢得更多人的选票。得更多人的选票。KeyWordsforTextA-havethecourageof
92、ones(own)convictionsvirtuen.Umoralgoodnessorexcellence;Cagoodqualityofcharacterorbehaviour美德；德行Helovedhernotbecauseofherbeautyorwealth,butbecauseofhervirtue,i.e.,hermoralexcellence.Ihopemysonwillunderstandthetraditionalvirtueofhardwork.我希望我的儿子能懂得勤劳这一传统美德。我希望我的儿子能懂得勤劳这一传统美德。KeyWordsforTextA-virtuepos
93、sessvt.not in progressive formsfmlhaveasonesproperty,asaquality,etc.;own不用进行式正式拥有，占有；具有（某种品质）I had to give up my dream of becoming a singerbecauseIdontpossessabeautifulvoice.The Western Highlands possess a beauty and amajestyfoundnowhereelseinBritain.西部高地的美丽和壮观在英国是独一无二的。西部高地的美丽和壮观在英国是独一无二的。KeyWordsf
94、orTextA-possesssurpassvt.fmldoorbebetterthan;exceed正式胜过；优于；超过Tosurpassyourteacherindrawing,youmustatfirsttryhardtodoaswellashedoes.The beauty of the scenery surpassed all myexpectations.我万万没想到风景那么漂亮。我万万没想到风景那么漂亮。KeyWordsforTextA-surpasscommitmentn.C;U(to)deeply-feltloyaltytoaparticularaim,belief,etc
95、.;aresponsibilityorpromisetofollowcertainbeliefsoracertaincourseofaction常与to连用忠诚；信奉；奉献；承诺；承担的义务的Without your commitment to the company oursuccesswouldnothavebeenpossible.Sheisknownchieflyforhercommitmenttonucleardisarmament.她主要由于坚持消除核武器的主张而为大家所知。她主要由于坚持消除核武器的主张而为大家所知。KeyWordsforTextA-commitmentKeyWo
96、rdsforTextA-commitmentCollocations:makeacommitment作出承诺fulfil/honour/meetacommitment履行义务have/takeonacommitment承担义务bindvt. (bound,bound)usu.fml or littietogether;figunite一般正式或文捆，绑；比喻结合The three girls are bound together by the samehobbiesandclosefriendship.Theyboundhishandstogethertightly.他们把他的手紧紧地绑在一起
97、。他们把他的手紧紧地绑在一起。KeyWordsforTextA-bindDifficultSentencesforTA-thereisalackofthere is a lack of firmly agreed and sociallyacknowledgedcriteriaforwhatmakesapersonafriend.(Para.1)Whatdoes“firmlyagreedandsociallyacknowledgedcriteria”mean?Itmeans“wellestablishedstandardsacceptedbyallpeople”.105Pleasetransl
98、atethissentenceintoChinese.没有一致赞同并获社会公认的择友标准。没有一致赞同并获社会公认的择友标准。DifficultSentencesforTA-TheytakepleasureTheytakepleasureineachotherscompanyonlyinsofarastheyhavehopesofadvantagefromit.(Para.3)Whatdoes“advantage”inthissentencemean?Itmeans“benefit,personalgains”.106Pleaseparaphrasethesentence.They enjoy
99、 being together only to the extent thattheyexpecttobenefitfromeachother.DifficultSentencesforTA-AnditisthosewhoAnditisthosewhodesirethegoodoftheirfriendsforthefriends sake that are the truest friends, because eachlovestheotherforwhatheis,andnotforanyincidentalquality.(Para.5)Haveyounoticedthesentenc
100、epattern“Itisthat”?Whatfunctiondoesithave?Thepattern“Itisthat”isused foremphasis: thepartbetweenisemphasized.107PleasetranslatethissentenceintoChinese.只只有有那那些些为为朋朋友友着着想想、渴渴望望朋朋友友具具有有美美德德的的人人才才是是真真正正的的朋朋友友。这这样样的的朋朋友友喜喜欢欢彼彼此此不不是是因因为为某某种种附附带带的的品质，而是对方真实的为人。品质，而是对方真实的为人。DifficultSentencesforTA-Andnotwop
101、ersonsAndnotwopersonscanaccepteachotherandbecomefriends until each has proved to the other that he is worthyoflove,andsowonhistrust.(Para.5)Pleaseparaphrasethissentence.Two persons can develop their relation intofriendship only when each has proved that hedeservestheloveoftheotherandthushaswontheoth
102、erstrust.108PleasetranslatethissentenceintoChinese.只只有有当当两两个个人人互互相相证证明明自自己己值值得得爱爱并并获获得得对对方方的的信信任任之后，彼此方能接受对方为朋友。之后，彼此方能接受对方为朋友。Q1:WhatareYOURcriteriaforwhatmakesapersonafriend?Q2: Do you know any classical views of friendship inChineseculture?ExtendedQuestionsforTextA(Para.1)A1: Hints: honest, unsel
103、fish, optimistic, considerate,polite,righteous,reliable,kind-hearted,good-tempered,hard-working,helpful,etc.A2:孔子曰：“益者三友。友直，友谅，友多闻，益矣。”论语季氏4Confucius said, “Three kinds of friends will do onegoodUpright friends, trustworthy friends, and well-informedfriendswilldoonegood.”Q:WhatdoesAristotlethinkofth
104、eothertwoformsoffriendship?ExtendedQuestionsforTextA(Para.2)A:AccordingtoAristotle,theothertwoformsoffriendshiparenotgenuineones.Q:Doyouagreethatoldpeopletendtobasefriendshiponutilityratherthanpleasure?ExtendedQuestionsforTextA(Para.3)A:Hints:Fora“yes”answer:Becauseoldpeopleneedhelp,especiallythosew
105、hohaveretired.Theyneedotherscompanysothattheywillnotfeelisolatedorlonely.For a “No” answer: Today many old people like topursue spiritual well-being. They make friends notbecausetheyneedhelpfromeachotherbutbecausetheyappreciateeachothersvirtuesortheyshareacommoninterest.Q:Doyouthinkthatyoungpeople a
106、requicktomakeandbreakfriendships?ExtendedQuestionsforTextA(Para.4)A:Hints:Fora“Yes”answer:Becausechangesincircumstances take place frequently with youngpeople as they grow up, and the changingcircumstancesusuallyaffecttheirfriendships.Or:Itdepends.Iftheirlifedoesnotchangemuchorifthey are truly devot
107、ed to each other, young peoplecanalsodeveloplong-termorevenlifetimefriendshipsdespitethechangingcircumstances.Q:Doyouagreethattruefriendsmustgothroughtrialsandtribulationstogether?Why?ExtendedQuestionsforTextA(Para.5)A:Yes.Oneswishforfriendshipmaydeveloprapidly,butittakestimefortruefriendshiptobloss
108、om,anddifficulttimescantestthetruthfulnessofthings.Q: Do you think it possible to build true friendshipbetweenpeopleofdifferentsocialranks?ExtendedQuestionsforTextA(Para.6)A: Opinions may vary, but according to Cicero, truefriendship happens “between good men, based onvirtue”, which is not affected
109、by ranks or any otherfactor, so its possible to develop true friendshipbetweenpeopleofdifferentsocialpositions.Q:Explainthestatement“Eachcanbesaidtoprovideamirrorinwhichtheothermayseehimself.”ExtendedQuestionsforTextA(Para.7)A:Fortwogenuinefriends,eachislikeamirrortotheother.Knowingyourfriendistokno
110、wyourself;throughunderstanding your friend you can find out whetheryouhaveacommitmenttothegood.友谊的真谛友谊的真谛米歇尔E多伊尔马克K史密斯TranslationforTextAPara.11 我们探讨友谊这个概念时，遇到的第一个问题是，没有一致赞同并获社会公认的择友标准。在某一情境下，我们会把某个人称为朋友；然而，情境一旦变迁，朋友这个称呼就显得没那么贴切。因此，人们对友谊的真谛的理解往往是非常肤浅的。为了帮助我们理解友谊的真正含义，我们需要回顾有关友谊的几种传统的看法。 2 一种传统的友谊观在古
111、希腊著名的哲学家亚里士多德的著作里得以阐述。他将自己心目中真正的友谊同另外两种友谊截然分开。这两种友谊分别是：基于互利的友谊；基于愉悦的友谊。因此，根据亚里士多德的观点，我们可以将友谊分为三类。 TranslationforTextAPara.23 建建立立在在功功利利之之上上的的友友谊谊。功利并非永恒，它依照环境而变化。友谊的根基一旦消失，友谊也随之破灭，因为是功利使其存活。这类友谊似乎在老人之间最为常见，因为上了年纪的人需要的不是愉悦而是实用。基于功利的友谊也同样存在于追逐个人利益的中年人和青年人中。这些人不会在一起消闲时光，因为他们有时甚至不喜欢对方，因而觉得除非可以互相利用，否则没有交
112、往的必要。只有当他们认为彼此有希望相互利用的时候，才会乐于呆在一起。 TranslationforTextAPara.34 建建立立在在愉愉悦悦之之上上的的友友谊谊。年轻人之间的友谊常被看作是建立在愉悦基础之上的，因为年轻人的生活受感情支配，他们感兴趣的主要是自己的快乐和眼前的重要机会。然而，他们的情趣随着自己日渐成长也会变化，他们交友容易，分手也干脆。年轻人的态度变化无常，甚至一日数变，难怪他们的友谊总是迅速地开始，又匆匆地结束。然而年轻人确实喜欢终日作伴，一起生活，他们认为友谊的意义就是如此。 TranslationforTextAPara.45 建建立立在在美美德德之之上上的的友友谊谊。
113、完美无瑕的友谊立足于美德。只有那些品德高尚而且拥有相似美德的人之间建立的友谊才是最完美的。只有那些为朋友着想、渴望朋友具有美德的人才是真正的朋友。这样的朋友彼此喜欢不是因为某种附带的品质，而是对方真实的为人。品行高尚的人，其行为是相同的，或者是类似的。爱和友谊多半在品行高尚的人之间发生，而且以最高雅的形式出现。这种友谊是罕见的，因为品行高尚的人并不多见，而且他们需要时间，需要交往。常言道，真正的朋友必须同甘共苦，历经风雨。只有当两个人互相证明自己值得爱并获得对方的信任之后，彼此方能接受对方为朋友。交友的意愿可能倏忽而至，但真正的友谊却要慢慢培养。 TranslationforTextAPara
114、.56 另一种传统的友谊观可以在古罗马政治家、演说家西塞罗的著作里找到。西塞罗论述伦理、宗教哲学和自然规律的作品影响广泛。西塞罗认为,真正的友谊只能在好人之间发生。他进而将“好人”定义为“那些行为和生活无损于自己的荣誉、纯洁、公平和开明的人；那些摆脱了贪婪、欲念和暴力的人；那些敢于依照自己的信念说话和做事的人。”好人之间建立的这种友谊立足于美德，它确实可以带来物质利益，但决不以追求物质利益为目标。而且在处理朋友关系和其它人际关系时，优越于他人的人必须平等地对待那些没那么幸运的人；同样，后者也不能因为对方的天赋、财富、地位在自己之上而恼怒。 TranslationforTextAPara.67
115、我们由此可以看出，传统的友谊观由三个要素构成：朋友以相伴为乐；朋友必须彼此受益；彼此都有志于崇高的事业。这些传统的友谊观告诉我们，两个品德高尚的朋友是永不分离的，因为彼此认同对方的高尚品德。因此，认识朋友在某种意义上就是认识自我，了解朋友在某种意义上就是了解自我。可以说朋友就好比是一面镜子，每个人都可以从朋友身上看清自己。因此，在具有高尚品德的友谊中，同情心、关心、爱心这些忘我的情感会得以高层次的培养和充分的表达。这类朋友势必会涉及幸福安康这一话题，讨论如何过高尚的生活。 TranslationforTextAPara.7approachthenotionoffirmlyagreedandso
116、ciallyacknowledgedcriteriafordescribeasinonesetting,.inanotheraverythinunderstandingofsomeclassicalviewsof(Para. 1)GoodUsageforTextAPara.1distinguishesbetweenmutualusefulness(Para. 2)GoodUsageforTextAPara.2basedonutilitychangeaccordingtocircumstancesbreakupkeepitalivearepursuingonesownadvantagefeeln
117、oneedofmutuallyusefultakepleasureineachotherscompanyinsofarashavehopesofadvantagefrom(Para. 3)GoodUsageforTextAPara.3begroundedonpleasuretheopportunityofthemomentquicktomakeandtobreakfriendshipsfallinandoutoffriendshipwithinthesamedayrealizetheobjectof.(Para. 4)GoodUsageforTextAPara.4basedongoodness
118、eachlovestheotherforwhatheisinthehighestformasthesayinggoesgothroughtrialsandtribulationstogetherisworthyoflovewonhistrust(Para. 5)GoodUsageforTextAPara.5definesasleavenoquestionastoarefreefromhavethecourageoftheirconvictionspossessanysuperiorityregardasequalsbeannoyedatbeingsurpassedingenius,fortun
119、e,orrank(Para. 6)GoodUsageforTextAPara.6enjoyeachotherscompanyshareacommitmenttovirtuousfriendsareboundtogethermoralexcellencealtruisticemotionsdevelopasharedideaof(Para. 7)GoodUsageforTextAPara.7ReferenceforVoicingYourViewsFriendsmustbeusefultoeachother.A.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.B.Friendshipwi
120、lllastsolongasbothsidescanbenefitfromit.C.Friendshipdemandsalotofgiveandnotsomuchoftake.D.Friendshipdoesoffermaterialbenefits,thoughitdoesnotseekthem.ReferenceforVoicingYourViewsA.Young people value pleasure more than materialbenefits,sotheytendtobasefriendshipsonpleasure.B.Governed by their interes
121、ts and emotions, youngpeopletendtopursuefriendshipsthatcouldbringjoyandpleasure.C.People of any age may have friendships based onpleasure.Friendshipbetweentheyoungisgroundedonpleasure.ReferenceforVoicingYourViewsA.Since true friends appreciate each others goodness andhelpeachothertopursuewhatismoral
122、lyrightorworthyofpraise,theywillfindtherelationshipmostpleasurableandrewarding.B.Inafriendshipbetweengoodpeople,onevaluestheothernotjustformaterialbenefitsorpleasurebutforeachothersmoralexcellence.C.Virtuousfriendsareboundtogetherandhavegonethroughtrialsandtribulationstogether,sotheirfriendshiplasts
123、long.D.It is the good qualities in virtuous friends that makepermanentfriendshippossible.Permanent friendship exists only betweengoodmen.keena.1. (of the mind, the feelings, the senses, etc.) good,strong,quickatunderstanding,etc.（思想、感情、感觉等）良好的；敏锐的；敏捷的Evenattheageof90hestillhadakeenmindhewasquicktoun
124、derstandeverything.Dogs,especiallypolicedogs,haveakeensenseofsmell.KeyWordsforTextB-keenCollocationakeenmind敏捷的头脑keeneyesight敏锐的眼光akeenear灵敏的耳朵akeensenseofsmell灵敏的嗅觉keena.2.(on)(ofaperson)havingastrong,activeinterestinsth.;eagertodosth.常与on连用（人）热衷的，热心的；渴望（做某事）的Shelikesbiology,butshesnottookeenonphys
125、ics.They were very keen to start work as soon aspossible.KeyWordsforTextB-keencorrespondvi.1.(with)exchangelettersregularly常与with连用通信BillwishestocorrespondwithstudentsfromUShewantstomakesomepenfriends.Theyvebeencorrespondingwitheachotheraboutthismatterformonths.KeyWordsforTextB-correspondcorresponde
126、ncen.信件；通信correspondentn.通信者；通讯记者correspondvi.2.(with,to)beinagreement;match常与with或to连用符合；相一致The witnesss statements correspond with theavailableevidence.His first job was as a Lecturer, which roughlycorrespondstoAssociateProfessorhere.KeyWordsforTextB-correspond证人的陈述与现有证据吻合。证人的陈述与现有证据吻合。他第一份工作是做他第一
127、份工作是做“Lecturer”，大概相当于这儿的，大概相当于这儿的“副教授副教授”。graspvt.1.takeorkeepafirmholdof,esp.withthehands抓牢，抓紧Webothgraspedthehandleofthebigboxandtriedtoliftitupontothetruck.Sheisreadytograspanyopportunitytoexpandthebusiness.KeyWordsforTextB-grasp2.succeedinunderstanding理解，领会Anyone who does not grasp the importanc
128、e ofbudgetcontrolwillneverbesuccessfulinbusiness.Veronica has not yet grasped that to pass examsyouhavetoworkveryhard.graspn.1.hold,grip抓住，把握Takeafirmgraspofthehandleandpull.They had fled to America, and were beyond thegraspoftheirenemies.KeyWordsforTextB-grasp2.understanding理解，掌握Shehasagoodgraspoft
129、hesubject.These complex formulae are beyond the grasp oftheaveragepupil.这些复杂公式一般学生是无法理解的。这些复杂公式一般学生是无法理解的。KeyWordsforTextB-graspCollocations:grasponsth.了解agood/firm/thoroughgraspofsth.对很好的理解withinonesgrasp在理解范围内beyondonesgrasp无法理解brillianta.1.verybright,splendid,orshowyinappearance光亮的，光辉夺目的，灿烂的Heclo
130、sedhiseyesagainstthebrilliantlight.Shewasdressedinbrilliantwhite.KeyWordsforTextB-brilliant2.extremelycleverorskilful极聪明的，杰出的Ithinkthatsabrilliantidea.ItwashisbrilliantperformanceinMy Left Footthatestablishedhisreputation.gazevi.look steadily, esp. for a long time and often withoutbeingconsciousofwh
131、atoneisdoing（尤指长时间无意识地）凝视；注视He gazed at me in disbelief when I told him thenews.Nellwasstillgazingoutofthewindow.KeyWordsforTextB-gazesensiblea.havingorshowinggoodsense;reasonable明智的；合理的Its sensible of you to avoid rich foods if you arefeelingill.She is sensible about money and keeps track ofeveryex
132、pense.KeyWordsforTextB-sensible她花钱很理智，总是记录每笔开销。她花钱很理智，总是记录每笔开销。sensible/sensitivesensible“明智的”，是指“能做出好判断的能力”。Itwasntverysensibletogooutonyourownsolateatnight.Thisisasoapforsensitiveskin.KeyWordsforTextB-sensiblesensitive意思是“敏感的”，可能指身体上或情感上的“敏感”。Thismoviemayupsetasensitivechild.unfoldvt.openfromafold
133、edposition展开，打开（折叠之物）Ifweunfoldthetablewecanfiteightpeoplearoundit.As the story unfolds, we learn more about Maxschildhood.KeyWordsforTextB-unfold随着故事的展开，我们会知道更多麦克斯童年的事情。随着故事的展开，我们会知道更多麦克斯童年的事情。appointvt.1.fml arrangeordecide(esp.atimeorplacewhensth.willhappen)正式约定，指定，决定（时间、地点）Our visitors arrived a
134、t the appointed time; so thepartystartedasplanned.The committee appointed a day in June forcelebrations.KeyWordsforTextB-appoint2.(as,to)chooseforapositionorjob常与as或to连用任命；委任Alawyerwasappointedtorepresentthechild.I cant understand why they decided to appointWilsonasmanagingdirector.castan/oneseye(s)
135、overlookthroughorexaminesb./sth.quickly快速地看或查某人（某事物）Iputachequeof1000dollarsonherdeskbutsheturnedawaywithoutevencastinganeyeoverit.Wouldyoucastyoureyeoverthesecalculationstocheckthattheyarecorrect?ExpressionsforTextB-castan/oneseye(s)over你看一下这些计算数字你看一下这些计算数字,检查是否正确检查是否正确,好吗好吗?Verbphraseswitheye(s)ke
136、epaneyeonsth./sb.haveyoureyeonsth.照料某人/某事将某事作为自己的目标或目的shut/closeyoureyeto对某事物视而不见canttakeyoureyesoffsb./sth.目不转睛地看着某人/某物set/lay/clapeyesonsb./sth.看见某人/某物keepaneyeopen/out(forsth.)留心或注意某人/某事物close/shutyoureyestosth.不理会某事物；视而不见ExpressionsforTextB-castan/oneseye(s)overVerbphraseswitheye(s)havea(good)ey
137、eforsth.对某事物有判断力或鉴赏力；有眼光keepyoureyesopen/peeled/skinned警觉；留心candosomethingwithyoureyesshut/closed做事没费多大力气；轻易地haveeyesinthebackofyourhead脑袋后边长着眼睛；能看到一切beuptoyoureyesinsth.（工作）非常忙haveeyesbiggerthanyourbelly眼大肚小；眼馋肚饱ExpressionsforTextB-castan/oneseye(s)overteardown(esp.ofabuilding)pulldown,esp.violentl
138、y;destroy推倒（尤指建筑物）；拆毁Wehavetoteardownanumberofhousessoastobuildanewschoolthere.Alotoftheoldtowerblockshavebeentorndowntomakewayfornewhousing.ExpressionsforTextB-teardownmakea/onesfortuneearnalargeamountofmoney赚一大笔钱；发财He made a fortune by selling second-handcomputerstostudents.Hehadmadeafortuneoutofg
139、ambling,butsoonlostallhismoney.ExpressionsforTextB-makea/onesfortuneturnup1.arrive;makeonesappearance到达，来到Imsureshewillturnupsoon.Shesneverbeenlatebefore.We had arranged tomeet in town but Sam didntturnup.ExpressionsforTextB-turnup2.befound(esp.bychance)afterbeinglost（失去后）被发现或找到（尤指偶然地）Imsureyourwatc
140、hwillturnuponeofthesedays.turnup3.(ofanopportunity)presentitself;happen（指机会）出现,到来ExpressionsforTextB-turnupHesstillhopingsomethingwillturnup. 他仍在期待机会出现。他仍在期待机会出现。losetrackoffailtokeeponeselfinformedaboutaperson,situation,etc.;forget失去的线索；不了解的动态；忘记Ivelosttrackofheraftershegotmarried.Idontknowhowshesg
141、ettingalong.I lost all track of time while I was listening to themusic.ExpressionsforTextB-losetrackofpasson1.moveon继续下去Aftertwodaysrest,wedecideditwastimetopasson.Ifyoudonthaveanyquestionsaboutthistopic,letspassontothenextone.ExpressionsforTextB-passonpassonExpressionsforTextB-passon2.givetoanother
142、person传给（另一人）Shesaidshedpassthemessageontotheotherstudents.She caught my cold and passed it on to herhusband.Anyincreaseinourcostswillhavetobepassedontotheconsumer.我们增加的成本最终都得顾客承担。我们增加的成本最终都得顾客承担。tryforsth./tryoutforsth.makeanattempttogetorwin;competefor,e.g.bytakingpartinatest试图赢得；谋得，争取Leather expo
143、rters are trying for a larger marketshare.Youwontmaketheteamifyoudonttryout.ExpressionsforTextB-tryforsth./tryoutforsth.不参加选拔就不能加入这个队。不参加选拔就不能加入这个队。(as)sureasfateinfmlabsolutelysure非正式的的确确，千真万确Hesagreatfootballfan;hewillnotmissthematch,assureasfate.IfIcouldgetyououtofthere,Isureasfatewould.Expressio
144、nsforTextB-(as)sureasfateallofasuddeninfmlsuddenly非正式突然地，猛然地All of a sudden a man grabbed my bag and ranaway.All of a sudden I was seized with fear. I hadforgottentolockthedoorbeforeIleft.ExpressionsforTextB-allofasuddenbe(placed/put)underarrestbemadeaprisoner被逮捕；被拘捕；成为囚犯He is under arrest and may o
145、nly be seen by hislawyer.Hewasputunderarrestforsmuggling.ExpressionsforTextB-be(placed/put)underarrestcheck(up)ontestorexaminetoseeifsth.iscorrect,true,ingoodcondition,etc.检查，核实The police checked up on some drivers to makesuretheyarenotdrunkdriving.Myneighbourcomesinonceaweektocheckonthingsandfeedth
146、efish.ExpressionsforTextB-check(up)ondropover/bypayacasualvisit(toapersonorplace)偶然访问（某人或某地）；顺便访问Theydroppedovertoseemeontheirwayhomefromamovie.Ijustdroppedbytoseehowyouweregettingon.ExpressionsforTextB-dropover/byComprehensionquestions(Para. 1)Q1: What was thepolicemandoingthatnight?A1:Hewasondutya
147、ndwaswatchfullypatrollingtheavenue.KeytoTextBCQ(Para.1.1)Comprehensionquestions(Para. 1)Q2:Didhelooklikeaqualifiedpoliceman?A2: Yes. He looked strong,whichprovidesagoodimage of a policeman. Inaddition, while on the beat,hewasverywatchful,lookingimportantandmaking a strong impressiononanyoneseeinghim
148、.KeytoTextBCQ(Para.1.2)Comprehensionquestions(Para. 1)Q3: What does “aguardianofthepeace”referto?A3:Itrefersto“apoliceman”, who keeps thepeaceintheregion.KeytoTextBCQ(Para.1.3)Comprehensionquestions(Paras. 2-5)Q1: Why did thepoliceman suddenlyslowhiswalk?A1:Hesawamanstandinginthedoorway of a darkene
149、d hardwarestore. As a policeman, he wasalert to anything or anybodysuspicious.But,aswewillfindoutlater in the text, he probablysloweddownbecausehealsohadinmindhisappointmentwithBobthere.KeytoTextBCQ(Paras.2-5.1)Comprehensionquestions(Paras. 2-5)Q2:Whydidthemanspeakuptothepolicemanquickly?A2:Hewasanx
150、ioustomakeitcleartothepolicemanthathe was doing nothing badthere.KeytoTextBCQ(Paras.2-5.2)Comprehensionquestions(Paras. 2-5)Q3: Why was theman there late thatnight?A3: He was waiting for afriend with whom he hadmade an appointment 20yearsbefore.KeytoTextBCQ(Paras.2-5.3)Comprehensionquestions(Paras.
151、2-5)Q4:Didthepolicemanfinallyseethe face of the manstandinginthedarkness?How?A4: Yes. The man struck amatchtolighthiscigarandthelightshowedhisface.KeytoTextBCQ(Paras.2-5.4)Comprehensionquestions(Para. 6)Q1:Whatisthisparagraphabout?A1: The man talked aboutthefriendshipbetweenhimself and Jimmy Wells,w
152、ithwhomhehadmadetheappointment.KeytoTextBCQ(Para.6.1)Comprehensionquestions(Para. 6)Q2:Whydidthetwofriendspartthatnight?A2: Because the man wasgoing to the West to makehisfortune.KeytoTextBCQ(Para.6.2)Comprehensionquestions(Para. 6)Q3: What did themanmeanbysaying“You couldnt havedragged Jimmy outofN
153、ewYork;hethought it was theonlyplaceonearth”?A3: Jimmy loved New Yorksomuchthathepreferredtolivenowhereelse.KeytoTextBCQ(Para.6.3)Comprehensionquestions(Para. 6)Q4: Why did theyplan to meet againexactly twenty yearsfrom that date andtime?A4:Becausetheythoughtin20 years time they couldhave their fort
154、unes madeand each of them ought tohave their destiny workedout.KeytoTextBCQ(Para.6.4)Comprehensionquestions(Paras. 7-9)Q1: Did the manhave any idea whatJimmy was doing inNewYork?A1: No. They lost track ofeachothershortlyaftertheyparted.KeytoTextBCQ(Paras.7-9.1)Comprehensionquestions(Paras. 7-9)Q2: W
155、hat do youthinkofthemanasafriend?A2:Havingtraveledsofartokeep the appointment, hemustbealoyalandsincerefriend.KeytoTextBCQ(Paras.7-9.2)Comprehensionquestions(Paras. 7-9)Q3: What did themanthinkoftheWest?A3: He thought it was bigandwild.KeytoTextBCQ(Paras.7-9.3)Comprehensionquestions(Paras. 7-9)Q4:Di
156、dthemanfeelcertainthathisfriendJimmywouldturnupandmeethimthere?A4: Yes. He was sure of itbecause he thought JimmyWellswasthetruestfriendintheworld.KeytoTextBCQ(Paras.7-9.4)Comprehensionquestions(Paras. 7-9)Q5: What can youinferfromPara.9?A5:Judgingbytheluxuriouswatch with small diamondssetonthelids,
157、wecanguessthat the waiting man hadindeedmadeafortune.KeytoTextBCQ(Paras.7-9.5)Comprehensionquestions(Paras. 10-16)Q:Whatdidthepoliceman do aftersaying goodbye totheman?A: He went on along hisbeat.KeytoTextBCQ(Paras.10-16)Comprehensionquestions(Para. 17)Q1: What does thisparagraphtellus?A1:Themanfrom
158、theWestwasstillwaitingforhisfriendJimmy.KeytoTextBCQ(Para.17.1)Comprehensionquestions(Para. 17)Q2: Why does theauthor describe theweather?A2:Despitethebadweatherlatethatnight,themankeptwaiting, thus his loyalty tofriendship is once againemphasizedbytheauthor.KeytoTextBCQ(Para.17.2)Comprehensionquest
159、ions(Paras. 18-25)Q1: What happened20minuteslater?A1:Atallmancame.KeytoTextBCQ(Paras.18-25.1)Comprehensionquestions(Paras. 18-25)Q2:Whydidthenewarrivalaskthequestion “doubtfully”(Para.19)?A2:HewantedtomakesurethatthemantherewasBob.KeytoTextBCQ(Paras.18-25.2)Comprehensionquestions(Paras. 18-25)Q3: Wh
160、at does theword “cried” imply inPara.20?A3:BobwasexcitedthathisfriendJimmyhadfinallyturnedupfortheappointment.KeytoTextBCQ(Paras.18-25.3)Comprehensionquestions(Paras. 18-25)Q4: In Bobs eyes,what had been thegreatest change inJimmyWells?A4: Jimmy had becometallerbytwoorthreeinches.KeytoTextBCQ(Paras.
161、18-25.4)Comprehensionquestions(Paras. 26-29)Q1: Why did theysimultaneouslyturnto gaze upon theothers face at thecorner?A1:Eachofthemwaseagerto know what exactly theotherlookedlike.KeytoTextBCQ(Paras.26-29.1)Comprehensionquestions(Paras. 26-29)Q2: Why did Bobstop suddenly andreleasehisarm?A2:Hecameto
162、realizethatthe man walking with himwasnotJimmyWells.KeytoTextBCQ(Paras.26-29.2)Comprehensionquestions(Paras. 26-29)Q3: How did Bobrealize that the manwasnotJimmyWells?A3: Jimmy Wells had aRomannosewhilethemanhadapugnose.KeytoTextBCQ(Paras.26-29.3)Comprehensionquestions(Para. 30)Q1:Whowasthetallman?
163、Why did hecometomeetBob?A1:Hewasapoliceman.HecametoarrestBob.KeytoTextBCQ(Para.30.1)Comprehensionquestions(Para. 30)Q2: How did NewYorkpoliceknowaboutBob?A2:Chicagopolicehadinformed them about Boband asked them to helparresthim.KeytoTextBCQ(Para.30.2)Comprehensionquestions(Para. 30)Q3: Before going
164、tothepolicestation,whatdidthetallmanaskBobtodo?A3:HeaskedBobtoreadanote.KeytoTextBCQ(Para.30.3)Comprehensionquestions(Paras. 31-32)Q1:Bobshandwassteadywhenhebegan to read thenote, but it trembledwhenhehadfinished.Why?A1:Realizingthatitwashisbest friend who had himarrested,hecouldnolongerkeepcalm.Key
165、toTextBCQ(Paras.31-32.1)Comprehensionquestions(Paras. 31-32)Q2:WhendidJimmyWells,thepoliceman,gettoknowthatBobwasthemanwantedbythepolice?A2: When Bob struck amatchtolighthiscigar.KeytoTextBCQ(Paras.31-32.2)Comprehensionquestions(Paras. 31-32)Q3: Why did Jimmydecide to have Bobarrested?A3:Hisloyaltyt
166、othepublicsecurityoverweighedhisloyaltytoafriend.KeytoTextBCQ(Paras.31-32.3)Comprehensionquestions(Paras. 31-32)Q4: Why did Jimmysay“SomehowIcouldntdoitmyself”?A4: Jimmy really valued theirfriendship,sohemighthavebeenin a dilemma as to whether toarrest Bob or tell him to escape.With reason winning o
167、ut overemotion,Jimmyknewpublicsecurity was more important. ButhedidnothavethehearttoarrestBobhimself.Thatswhyheaskedsomebodyelsetodoit.KeytoTextBCQ(Paras.31-32.4)Notation type hereNotation上海外上海外语教育出版社出版教育出版社出版出出 版版 人：庄智象人：庄智象策策划：倪淦英划：倪淦英万中秀万中秀责任任编辑：倪淦英：倪淦英校校对测试：倪淦英：倪淦英成江帆成江帆主主编：杨俊俊副主副主编：时梅梅编者：崔岭者：崔岭金金苏扬时梅梅肖肖锦银杨俊俊制作策划：制作策划：杨俊俊程序程序设计：杨俊俊美美术设计：杨俊俊华南理工大学南理工大学制作制作上海外上海外语教育出版社教育出版社出版出版ISBN978-7-900533-88-3/H59上海外上海外语教育出版社，教育出版社，2014谢谢
