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1、句子成分句子成分v组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分v它包括它包括主，谓，宾，宾补，表（直宾，主，谓，宾，宾补，表（直宾，间宾），定，状间宾），定，状v主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。 表语，宾语和宾补是谓语里的组成部表语，宾语和宾补是谓语里的组成部分。分。 定语和状语是句子的次要部分。定语和状语是句子的次要部分。句子成分的构成句子成分的构成句子的主干成分：句子的主干成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语主语、谓语、宾语、表语句子的次要成分：句子的次要成分：定语、状语、补语、插入语、同位语定语、状语、补语、插入语、同位语主语主语v1. 主语是谓语讲述
2、的对象。主语是谓语讲述的对象。v2. 表示所说的表示所说的“是什麽是什麽”，“是谁是谁”，v3. 一般由名词，代词或相当于名词的词或一般由名词，代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当短语充当。v4. 它在它在句首。句首。 We study in No. 7 Middle School. The classroom is very clean. To teach them English is my job. Surfing, diving and swimming are all water sports.谓语谓语v1. 说明主语说明主语“做什麽做什麽”，“是什麽是什麽”，或或“怎麽样怎麽样”。v2.
3、 必须用动词。必须用动词。v3. 和主语在人称，数两个方面必须一致和主语在人称，数两个方面必须一致（主谓一致）。（主谓一致）。v4. 在在主语后面主语后面。 His parents are doctors. She looks well. We study hard. We have finished reading the book. He can speak English.表语表语v1. 说明主语说明主语“怎麽样怎麽样”，或，或“是什麽是什麽” 。v2. 位于位于在在be动词动词, 系动词系动词后面。后面。 You look younger than before. I am a tea
4、cher. Everybody is here. My job is to teach them English. They are at home now.系动词（必背）系动词（必背）vbe (am is are was were) / seem / keep /是是/好象好象(似乎似乎)是是/保持保持vlook / feel / taste / smell / sound / 看看/感觉感觉/尝尝/闻闻/听起来听起来(上去上去) 感感官动词官动词vbecome / turn / get / grow / 变得变得 宾语宾语v1. 是动作，行为的对象。是动作，行为的对象。v2. 由名，代，或
5、相当于名词的词，短语由名，代，或相当于名词的词，短语来担任。来担任。v3. 它和及物动词一起说明主语做什麽。它和及物动词一起说明主语做什麽。v4. 在谓语在谓语(及物动词后，及物动词后，)之后。分为直接之后。分为直接宾语和间接宾语。宾语和间接宾语。 She is playing the piano. He often helps me. He likes to sleep in the open air. We enjoy living in China.及物动词及物动词和和不及物动词不及物动词v及物动词是及物动词是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词后面可以直接跟宾语的动词: see / hear /
6、drank / eat / vI saw him last week.vWe heard the bad news yesterday.vThey eat bread every day.vHe drank a glass of milk just now.v不及物动词是不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词动词: laugh / smile / look / listen / vShe smiled happily.vThey laughed loudly. v如果要加宾语如果要加宾语,就要靠一个就要靠一个介词介词来帮助来帮助:vShe look at the blac
7、kboard carefully.vHe listened to his teacher in class.vThey laughed at us after the match. 定语定语v用来用来修饰名词或代词修饰名词或代词。定语起类似于形定语起类似于形容词的修饰作用，容词的修饰作用， The black bike is mine. What is your name? They made paper flowers. The boys in the room are in Class Three, Grade Two. I have something to do. 状语状语v1. 修饰
8、动词，形容词或副词修饰动词，形容词或副词, 状语类似于状语类似于副词副词 。v2. 一般表示行为发生的一般表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方时间，地点，目的，方式，程度式，程度等意义。等意义。v3. 一般放句末，有的也可放在句首，句中。一般放句末，有的也可放在句首，句中。 He did it carefully. Without his help, we couldnt work it out. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.英英语语的的句句子子结结构构* *几个简单句用分号或并列连词连接起来构成并列句几个
9、简单句用分号或并列连词连接起来构成并列句; ;* *几个简单句可通过各种方式组合成含有主句和从句几个简单句可通过各种方式组合成含有主句和从句 的复合句。的复合句。简单句简单句简单句简单句 简单句的五种句型简单句的五种句型1）SV 主语谓语主语谓语eg. The telephone rang. His father might have died.2) SVP 主语谓语表语主语谓语表语eg. The plan sounds perfect. Frank is an artist.3) SVO 主语谓语宾语主语谓语宾语eg. I saw a bird. My sister enjoyed the
10、play.简单句的五种句型简单句的五种句型4）SVOiOd 主语谓语主语谓语+间接宾语直接宾语间接宾语直接宾语eg. The lady gave Jack a watch. My father bought me a bicycle.5) SVOC 主语谓语宾语补语主语谓语宾语补语eg. They called him a fool. She found the children fast asleep.* *在阅读句子的时候，第一个任务就是要找到在阅读句子的时候，第一个任务就是要找到谓语谓语! !* *做谓语的动词做谓语的动词有时态、语态和数的变化有时态、语态和数的变化；还；还有有及物动词与
11、不及物动词及物动词与不及物动词的区别。的区别。 基本句型基本句型1 1 + （主谓）（主谓） 此句型的句子有一个共同特此句型的句子有一个共同特点，点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。完整的意思。 这类动词叫做这类动词叫做不及物动词不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。语从句等。 （不及物（不及物动词）1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man4. We all 5. Everbody 6. I 7. They 8. He flies. rose. cook. eat, and drink.laughed? w
12、oke. talked for half an hour.walked yesterday 基本句型基本句型2 2 + + + + （主系表）（主系表） 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思这类动词叫做连系动词这类动词叫做连系动词。（系（系动词）1. This 2. The dinner3. He 4. Everything5. He 6. The book 7
13、. The weather 8. His face is smells(闻)fell looks is is becometurned an English-Chinese dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting.warmer. red. 基本句型基本句型3 + + （主谓宾）（主谓宾） 此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必必须跟有一个宾语，须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受
14、者，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及这类动词叫做及物动词。物动词。（实义动词） 1. Who 2. She 3. He 8. He 5. They 6. Danny 7. I 4. He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. donuts.to have a cup of tea. Good morning. 基本句型基本句型4 + +IO + （主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：此句
15、型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。动作的间接承受者。She lent me a book.-She lent a book to me. He bought me a new bike.-He bought a new bike for me.（及（及物）物）（多（多指人）指人）（多指物）（多指物）1. She2. She 3. He 8. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 8. He passed cooked
16、brought bought showed gave told showed himher husband you her him him mea new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. how to run the machine. that the bus was late. 基本句型基本句型5 + + + （主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补） 此句型的句子的共同特点是：此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，一个宾语还不
17、能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。语，才能使意思完整。（及物）（及物） （宾语）（宾补）1. We 2. They3. They 4. They5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to come back soon. getting on the bus.
18、 主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾 & 主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补 的比较的比较v宾语和宾补有逻辑上的主谓关系；宾语和宾补有逻辑上的主谓关系； 双宾语没有。双宾语没有。 He made the boy laugh. He gave me a book. He calls me Tom. She bought me a pen. We sent them a telegram. 宾语和宾补宾语和宾补双宾语双宾语宾语和宾补宾语和宾补宾语和宾补宾语和宾补双宾语双宾语v1.They work hard. 主主 + 谓谓 (状）状）v2.The flower is dead. 主主 + 系系 + 表表v3.Plant
19、s need water. 主主 + 谓谓 + 宾宾v4.He gives me some seeds. 主主 + 谓谓 + 间宾间宾+ 直宾直宾v5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主主 + 谓谓 + 宾宾 + 宾补宾补v6.Many animals live in trees. 主主 + 谓谓 （状）（状）7. We must keep our classroom clean. 主主+ 谓谓+ 宾宾+ 宾补宾补8. After work he always feels a little tired. （状）（状） 主主+ （状）（状） 系系+
20、 （定）（定） 表表9. They laughed at us after the match. 主主+ 谓谓 宾（状）宾（状）10. She told me a story. 主主 谓间宾直宾谓间宾直宾I. Choose the best answers：1._ some of this juiceperhaps youll like it.2. 3. A. Trying B. Try 4. C. To try D. Having tried2. He sent me an e-mail, _ to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C.
21、 to hope D. hope3. _ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. A. Sleep B. Sleeping C. To sleep D. Having slept4. _ at the door before entering, please. A. Knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock 5. _ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give6. The ma
22、nager, _ his factorys products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training. A. knowing B. known C. to know D. being known 7. It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader. A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interested C. interested; be interesting D.
23、interesting; interest 8. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing 9. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of n
24、ature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smell D. to be smelt10. English has a large vocabulary, hasnt it? -Yes, _ more words and expressions and youll find it easier to read and communicate. A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known 11. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pic
25、tures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formedII. Correct the mistakes in the sentences. (Each sentence has only one mistake.)1.My parents love me dearly of course and will2. do all they can make sure that I get a good 3. education. to2. He said he w
26、as busy. That is, a game of tennis making him very busy. made3. Remembering not to shout at them. Remember4. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain. when5. I was so tired that I felt asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. 6. The main problem was in that I always thought i
27、n Chinese. 7. One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. it8. Clever as she is, but she works very hard. 9. I dream of standing on the platform in the classroom and give lessons to lovely boys and girls. and girls. giving lessons to lovely boys11. I know there is not easy to be a teach
28、er. it10. At weekends, we would play basket ball, swimming in the pool or go for a picnic. swim一一. 利利用用考考生生思思维维定定势势，通通过过从从句句对对句句子子进进行行分隔。分隔。1. Mr. Li made up his mind to devote all he could _ his oral English before going abroad. A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. to improving2. The letter I w
29、as looking forward to _ at last. A. arrived B. arrive C. arriving D. have arrivedDA二二. 将将句句子子变变为为疑疑问问句句或或感感叹叹句句，造造成成句句子子中中动动宾关系的分隔。宾关系的分隔。3. Whom do you want to have _ the parts of the car together? A. fix B. to fix C. fixing D. fixed4. What have I said _ you angry? A. made B. make C. to make D. mak
30、ing5. You can never imagine what great difficulty I have _ your house. A. found B. finding C. to find D. for findingACB三三. 相似结构混在一起，形成对句子的分隔。相似结构混在一起，形成对句子的分隔。6. It was in the house _ he used to live that the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. which D. there四四. 在主谓之间加入介词短语。在主谓之间加入介词短语。7. I thi
31、nk Tom, together with you, _. A. be blamed B. is to blame C. are to be blamed D. are to blameAB五五. 固定搭配被其它词隔开。固定搭配被其它词隔开。8. We waited _ line for the bus. A. for B. in C. on D. withB六六. 添上插入语。添上插入语。9. He has written another scientific report, _ of great importance to science. A. which I think it is B
32、. which I think is C. I think it is D. I think which is10. We havent heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _ to her? A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happenedBC七七.同同位位语语从从句句的的中中心心名名词词与与从从句句被被其其它它成成分分分分隔隔。11. The secret spread out very quickly in the town _ he wi
33、ll be headmaster of our school. A. where B. in that C. that D. which 八八. 用倒装句引起分隔现象。用倒装句引起分隔现象。12. He found on the table next to the armchair _ two pipes, some tobacco and a box of matches. A. was B. is C. are D. wereCD九九. 复合谓语被分隔。复合谓语被分隔指谓复合谓语被分隔。复合谓语被分隔指谓语部分的助动词、系动词或情态动词与主要语部分的助动词、系动词或情态动词与主要动词被分隔
34、的现象。例如动词被分隔的现象。例如:13. An awful accident _, however, occur the other day.A. does B. did C. has to D. had toB巩固练习：巩固练习：1. Bruce spent as much time as he _ over his lessons. A. could go B. could going C. could to go D. went2. A book, as well as a pen and a magazine, _ been left in the reading room. A.
35、have B. are C. has D. isBC3. Who did the manager _ the work? -Maybe _ of the two men. A. have do; the taller B. have done; the older C. have to do; the younger D. let do; taller4. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see washing machine she had had _ went wrong again. A. it B. it repaired C. repaired
36、 D. to be repairedAC5. Thank you for the great trouble youve had _ me with my computer work. -Thats nothing. A. with helping B. helping C. to help D. to have helped6. Thank you for the great trouble youve taken _ me with my computer work. -Thats nothing. A. with helping B. helping C. to help D. to h
37、ave helpedBC7. The professor we referred _ yesterday. A. to came B. to coming C. came D. coming8. Word came in the afternoon _ there would be an English exam. A. when B. that C. which D. every time9. Who would you rather _ with you to the park, John or Mary? A. to go B. have gone C. have go D. going
38、ABC10. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A. while B. that C. when D. as11. The remaining time should be made full use _ well prepared for the college entrance examination. A. of getting B. of to get C. to get D. in gettingBBPractice makes perfect!
