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1、欢迎来到英语课堂欢迎来到英语课堂1straightforward adj.简单的,易懂的简单的,易懂的The issue is not quite straightforward as it seems.这个个问题不像看上去那么不像看上去那么简单。This article is written in straightforward language.这篇文章用易懂的文字写成。篇文章用易懂的文字写成。知识拓展知识拓展straightforward adj.坦率的;直截了当的坦率的;直截了当的2association nC,U联系;联想联系;联想He has no association with
2、 foreigners.他和外国人没有他和外国人没有联系。系。Scotland has all kinds of happy associations for me.苏格格兰给我各种各我各种各样愉快的愉快的联想。想。知识拓展知识拓展in association with 与与合作合作associate v. 将将联系起来;交往;联合;联想。联系起来;交往;联合;联想。3ambiguous adj. 歧义的;含糊的歧义的;含糊的All the ambiguous phrases should be removed from the writing.所有可能引起歧所有可能引起歧义的短的短语都要从文
3、章中都要从文章中删掉。掉。词语辨析词语辨析ambiguous,vagueambiguous 意意为“歧歧义的的;含含糊糊的的”,指指因因字字、词、句句有有歧歧义而使人感到模糊不清,而使人感到模糊不清,难以理解和把握。以理解和把握。vague 意意为“不不明明确确的的;含含糊糊的的”,多多用用于于比比喻意意义,用用来来表表示示因因逻辑关关系系不不清清、言言辞辞笼统而而导致致的的意意义不不清清楚楚、不明了。不明了。His ambiguous directions confused us;we did not know which of the two roads to take.他他的的模模棱棱两
4、两可可的的指指导使使我我们很很迷迷惑惑,以以至至于于我我们不不知知道道两条路两条路该走哪条了。走哪条了。He has some vague ideas about what to do, but nothing specific.他大概知道他要做什么,但没有具体的他大概知道他要做什么,但没有具体的计划。划。4dilemma n. C进退两难的境地;困难的抉择进退两难的境地;困难的抉择Mary is facing the dilemma of obeying her father or marrying the man she loves.是服从父是服从父亲还是嫁是嫁给自己所自己所爱的人是的人是
5、玛丽面面临的的难题。She is in a dilemma about the job offer.对于于这份工作她不知道是接受份工作她不知道是接受还是不接受。是不接受。知识拓展知识拓展be in a dilemma 在进退两难中在进退两难中put sb. in a dilemma 使某人左右为难使某人左右为难5explicit adj. 清楚明白的;易于理解的清楚明白的;易于理解的They gave explicit reasons for leaving.他他们明确地明确地说出了离开的原因。出了离开的原因。He gave his opinion in explicit terms.他直截了
6、当地提出了自己的意他直截了当地提出了自己的意见。知识拓展知识拓展explicitness nU明确性;直言不明确性;直言不讳6concept n. C概念;观念概念;观念He presented a new concept of the beginning of the universe.他提出了一种宇宙起源的新概念。他提出了一种宇宙起源的新概念。知识拓展知识拓展conception nU,C概念;概念;观念;思想念;思想词语辨析词语辨析concept(ion),idea,thoughtconcept(ion) “概概念念;观念念;计划划”,可可指指观念念的的形形成成、构想或构想或设计的的产物
7、。物。idea “想想法法,主主意意”,指指基基于于理理解解、思思维、推推理理、想想象象而而产生的思想、念生的思想、念头等。等。thought “思思想想,想想法法;概概念念”指指经过思思考考或或推推理理后后形形成成的想法。的想法。7furthermore adv. 而且,此外。而且,此外。He lost his way; furthermore, his car broke down.他迷了路,而且他的汽他迷了路,而且他的汽车坏了。坏了。即学即用即学即用The house isnt big enough, and_, its too far from the town.AthoughBthe
8、reforeCfurthermoreDnevertheless答答案案:C句句意意:这这栋栋房房子子不不够够大大,而而且且,它它离离市市区区太太远远。furthemore在在此此表表示示“此此外外,而而且且”。though尽尽管管;therefore因此;因此;nevertheless然而。然而。8thus adv.如此,如此,这样;因此。;因此。He sold his farm and thus he had enough money for his journey.他他卖掉了掉了农场,这样他就有足他就有足够的的钱旅行了。旅行了。He forgot to turn on the radio
9、and thus missed the program.他忘了打开收音机,因此他忘了打开收音机,因此错过了那个了那个节目。目。特别提示特别提示thus 位于句中时,后常跟现在分词位于句中时,后常跟现在分词(短语短语)作结果状语。作结果状语。词语辨析词语辨析thus/so/therefore(1)thus adv.因此,所以。可放在句首或句中。因此,所以。可放在句首或句中。We do not own the building. Thus, it would be impossible for us to make any major changes to it.我我们不是不是这栋楼房的房主,因此
10、不能楼房的房主,因此不能对它它进行大的改行大的改动。(2)so因因此此,所所以以。它它是是一一个个并并列列连词,连接接前前后后两两个个分分句。句。He was sick, so he went to see a doctor.他病了,所以他去看医生了。他病了,所以他去看医生了。(3)therefore adv.因因此此,所所以以。常常放放在在句句首首,表表示示结果果。可以可以单独使用,也可以和独使用,也可以和and连用。用。He has broken his leg and therefore he cant walk.他摔断了腿,因此不能走路了。他摔断了腿,因此不能走路了。即学即用即学即用T
11、hey added much water in the drug,_reducing its effectiveness.Aand Bthus Crather Dotherwise答答案案:B句句意意:他他们们往往药药里里加加了了很很多多水水,结结果果降降低低了了药效。药效。thus后一般跟现在分词作结果状语。后一般跟现在分词作结果状语。9rejectvt. 拒拒绝,不不接接受受;不不录用用;驳回回。reject表表示示“拒拒绝,不不接接受受”时后后面面常常接接gift,offer,opinion,suggestion等等名名词。Its up to you to accept or rejec
12、t the proposal.对该建建议是接受是接受还是拒是拒绝由你决定。由你决定。One of my papers was rejected.我的一篇我的一篇论文被退回来了。文被退回来了。词语辨析词语辨析reject/refuse/object(1)reject“拒拒绝,不不接接受受”,其其后后直直接接跟跟名名词、代代词作作宾语,不接不定式,不接不定式,语气气较强强。The proposal was rejected.这项提提议被否决了。被否决了。(2)refuse“拒拒绝,回回绝”,主主要要用用于于拒拒绝别人人的的请求求、要要求、邀求、邀请求或帮助,其后可以接求或帮助,其后可以接动词不定式
13、。不定式。They were refused admittance.他他们被拒被拒绝入内。入内。(3)object表示表示“反反对”,后常跟介,后常跟介词to.However, others strongly object to developing private cars.然而,另外一些人然而,另外一些人强强烈反烈反对发展私人小汽展私人小汽车。即学即用即学即用He _for the job vacancy because he couldnt be punctual even for the interview.Arejected Bwas rejectedCrefused Dwas re
14、fused答答案案:B本本题题考考查查refuse与与feject的的区区别别。reject表表示示“拒拒绝绝,不不录录用用”;而而refuse 表表示示“拒拒绝绝(别别人人的的邀邀请请或或帮帮助等助等)”。由语境可知答案为。由语境可知答案为B。10abuse1)v.虐待;辱虐待;辱骂;滥用,妄用。用,妄用。I promised not to abuse their kindness.我答我答应不辜不辜负他他们的一片好心。的一片好心。Dont abuse your friends.不要辱不要辱骂你的朋友。你的朋友。2)n.滥用,妄用;虐待;用,妄用;虐待;恶语。Drug abuse led t
15、o his early death.滥用用药物物导致了他的早亡。致了他的早亡。They gave me much abuse for no fault.他他们无无缘无故地大无故地大骂我。我。11superior1)adj.职位位较高高的的;上上乘乘的的,占占优势的的。无无比比较级和和最最高高级。This skirt is made of superior cloth.这条裙子是用上等条裙子是用上等质地的料子做的。地的料子做的。We defeated the enemy by our superior forces.我我们以以优势兵力兵力击败敌人。人。2)n.上上级,长官。官。He had a
16、good working relationship with his superior.他与他的上司有良好的工作关系。他与他的上司有良好的工作关系。知识拓展知识拓展1)superiority n优势,优越性优势,优越性2)英英语语中中某某些些(形形容容)词词在在表表示示比比较较的的时时候候不不用用“than”,而而用用“to”,这这类类常常用用的的(形形容容)词词有有:prior较较早早的的,较较重重要要的的;inferior下下等等的的,次次的的;senior年年长长的的,地地位位高的;高的;preferable更好的,更胜一筹的。更好的,更胜一筹的。The task is prior to
17、 all others.这项任务比其他所有的任务都重要。这项任务比其他所有的任务都重要。These apples are inferior in flavour to those.这些苹果的味道不如那些苹果的味道。这些苹果的味道不如那些苹果的味道。He is two years senior to me.他比我大两岁。他比我大两岁。12curiosityn. U好奇心;好奇心;C古玩;珍品古玩;珍品What the scientist mentioned in his speech excited our curiosity.那那位位科科学学家家在在他他的的演演讲中中所所提提到到的的事事情情引
18、引起起了了我我们的的好好奇心。奇心。The young girl has a collection of curiosities.这个年个年轻的女孩收藏了一批古玩。的女孩收藏了一批古玩。知识拓展知识拓展curious adj. 好奇的;奇怪的好奇的;奇怪的curiously adv. 奇异地;好奇地奇异地;好奇地即学即用即学即用People have always been curious_how living things on the earth exactly began.Ain BatCof Dabout答答案案:D句句意意:人人们们一一直直对对地地球球上上的的生生物物是是如如何何起起
19、源源的感到好奇。的感到好奇。be curious about意为意为“对对感到好奇感到好奇”。13clarify v弄明白;澄清弄明白;澄清Would you please clarify your last point?请你你说明你的最后一个要点好明你的最后一个要点好吗?He clarified his stand on his issue.他澄清了他在他澄清了他在该问题上的立上的立场。知识拓展知识拓展clarification. nU澄清澄清14tendency nC趋向;倾向趋向;倾向There is a growing tendency for people to work at ho
20、me instead of in office.人人们在家里而不是在在家里而不是在办公室里工作的公室里工作的趋向日益增向日益增长。Bob has a tendency to exaggerate things.鲍勃有勃有爱夸夸张的的倾向。向。知识拓展知识拓展have a tendency to 趋向于趋向于tend v倾向,趋向倾向,趋向15significance n. U意义;含义意义;含义Few people realized the significance of the discovery.几乎没人意识到这个发现的意义。几乎没人意识到这个发现的意义。What was the sign
21、ificance of her look?她那种表情有什么含义?她那种表情有什么含义?知识拓展知识拓展be of great/major/little significance有重大意义有重大意义/无意义无意义significant adj. 重要的,有意义的重要的,有意义的16withdraw v. 收回;撤销收回;撤销(说过的话说过的话)I insist that you withdraw your offensive remarks immediately.我要求你必我要求你必须立刻收回那些立刻收回那些过头的的话。知识拓展知识拓展withdrawal n. C,U收回;撤回收回;撤回17
22、status nU地位地位Doctors have great/high status in most countries.医生在大多数国家里享有很高的地位。医生在大多数国家里享有很高的地位。词语辨析词语辨析status,statue,stature,statutestatus 是是站立的位置站立的位置“地位地位”之之义。statue 是是站着的姿站着的姿态“塑像塑像”之之义。stature 是是站立的高度站立的高度“身高身高”之之义。statute 是是已确立之物已确立之物“法令法令”之之义。18potential adj. 潜在的;可能的潜在的;可能的She was the first t
23、o realize the potential danger of the situation.她第一个意她第一个意识到了到了处境潜在的危境潜在的危险。The book is a potential bestseller.该书或或许会成会成为一部一部畅销书。注意:注意:potential 无比无比较级形式。形式。知识拓展知识拓展potential nU潜力,可能性潜力,可能性potentially adv. 潜在地潜在地19approval nU赞许;赞成赞许;赞成We went to the party with our parents approval.我我们取得父母同意后去参加聚会。取得
24、父母同意后去参加聚会。He nodded in approval.他点他点头表示表示赞成。成。知识拓展知识拓展express/show approval 表示表示赞成成on approval(商品商品)供供试用的用的注意:注意:approve表示表示“赞成赞成”时常与时常与of连用。连用。20offence/nse nU得罪;使伤感情得罪;使伤感情He took offence when I said that.当我当我说到那个到那个问题时,他生气了。,他生气了。Im sure he didnt mean to cause offence to you.我肯定他并非有意得罪你。我肯定他并非有意
25、得罪你。知识拓展知识拓展commit an offence 犯罪犯罪give/cause offence 使使受受伤害害take offence at 对生气生气offend v得罪;得罪;伤害害的感情;使不舒服;的感情;使不舒服;违反反21betray v对对不忠,背叛,出卖不忠,背叛,出卖He betrayed his leaders.他背叛了他的他背叛了他的领导。She betrayed all the members of the group to the enemy.她把她把组织的所有成的所有成员都出都出卖给了了敌人。人。知识拓展知识拓展betray onself 无意中露出本性无意
26、中露出本性betray 分有意识的和无意识的两种用法:分有意识的和无意识的两种用法:betraybetrayal n. U,C出卖,背叛出卖,背叛22oppose v反对反对The planned new airport will be strongly opposed by the residents.修建新机修建新机场的的计划将会遭到当地居民的划将会遭到当地居民的强强烈反烈反对。They opposed the new tax law. 他他们反反对新税法。新税法。注意:注意:be opposed to 后接后接(动动)名词。名词。译译我非常反对让他一个人走。我非常反对让他一个人走。误误I
27、 am very much opposed to permit him to go alone.正正I am very much opposed to permitting him to go alone.23prejudice nU,C偏见;歧视偏见;歧视He has a prejudice against career women.他他对职业妇女有偏女有偏见。A judge must be free from prejudice.法官必法官必须不抱成不抱成见。知识拓展知识拓展prejudice v. 怀有偏见;损害怀有偏见;损害24resist v反抗;抵抗反抗;抵抗If he has a
28、 gun, dont try to resist.如果他有如果他有枪就不要反抗。就不要反抗。I cant resist strawberries.我我挡不住草莓的不住草莓的诱惑。惑。我的利益与你的冲突。我的利益与你的冲突。The hours of the two meetings conflict.这两个会两个会议时间冲突。冲突。知识拓展知识拓展conflict with 与与相冲突相冲突in conflict with 与与相冲突相冲突1a(huge/large)number of(huge/large)numbers of许许多多,大大量量(修修饰饰可可数数名名词词复复数数;句句中中作作主
29、主语语时时,谓谓语语动动词词用复数用复数)the number of的的数数目目;修修饰可可数数名名词复复数数;句句中中作作主主语,谓语动词用用单数。数。There are a large number of people there.那里有很多人。那里有很多人。Numbers of people visited the fair.许多人参多人参观了展了展览会。会。Birds gather in large numbers beside the river.鸟儿一群群地聚在河儿一群群地聚在河边。The number of girls in this class is large.这个班个班级的
30、女孩人数多。的女孩人数多。The number of skilled workers is small.熟熟练工人人数工人人数较少。少。知识拓展知识拓展1)只修饰可数名词的有:只修饰可数名词的有:many(of the), a great/good many (of the), a large/big/great number of, large/big/great numbers of,many a 2)只修饰不可数名词的有:只修饰不可数名词的有:much (of the), a great/good deal of, a great/good amount of,large/big/gre
31、at amounts of3)既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的有:既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的有:a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a large quantity of,large quantities of即学即用即学即用_of the students in our school is larger than that in their school.ANumbers BThe numberCA number DThe numbers答案:答案:B2be relevant to 与与有关有关What you have said is not relevan
32、t to the present question.你你说的的话和目前的和目前的问题无关。无关。The scientist corresponds with colleagues in order to learn about matters relevant to her own research.那那个个科科学学家家和和同同事事们相相互互通通信信了了解解和和她她自自己己的的研研究究有有关关的事。的事。即学即用即学即用完成句子完成句子The judge ruled that the evidence_(与与无无关关)the case.答案:答案:was not relevant to3get
33、 down to sth./doing sth.开始做某事开始做某事Lets first have a drink before we get down to business.我我们做正事之前,先喝杯酒吧。做正事之前,先喝杯酒吧。It is high time you got down to some serious work.你你该认真干点正事了。真干点正事了。即学即用即学即用As soon as we got there, we_repairing the machine.Astarted to Bbegan toCdecide to Dgot down to答案:答案:D4let sb
34、. down 使某人失望;辜负某人使某人失望;辜负某人Please come and support me. Dont let me down.请来支持我,来支持我,别让我失望。我失望。This machine wont let you down.这部机器不会出毛病,你尽管放心。部机器不会出毛病,你尽管放心。即学即用即学即用完成句子完成句子What he has done_(使我很失望使我很失望)答案:答案:let me down1The demand for Chinese as a foreign languge is growing fast, both in Englishspeaki
35、ng countries, such as Britain and the USA, and in other countries like France, where the number of students studying Chinese has increased by 15% each year in recent years.把把汉汉语语作作为为外外语语的的要要求求正正迅迅速速增增长长,例例如如,在在英英国国、美美国国等等说说英英语语的的国国家家和和法法国国等等不不说说英英语语的的国国家家,近近年年来来,学习汉语的学生的数目正以每年学习汉语的学生的数目正以每年15%的速度递增。
36、的速度递增。1)demand n. 要求;需要要求;需要They tried hard to meet the workers demand for better working conditions.他他们想方想方设法法满足了工人足了工人们提出的改善工作条件的要求。提出的改善工作条件的要求。知识拓展知识拓展demand v. 要求要求常用搭配:常用搭配:demand名词名词demand宾语从句宾语从句(从句中用虚拟语气从句中用虚拟语气)He demanded an early reply.他要求尽早做出答复。他要求尽早做出答复。He demanded that the workers(sho
37、uld)be back to their posts.他要求工人们回到工作岗位上去。他要求工人们回到工作岗位上去。2)by 15%by可用来表示增减幅度;表示可用来表示增减幅度;表示“增加到增加到”则用用“to”。Because of the flood, the water in the river has increased by 10 metres.由于由于发生了洪水,河水上生了洪水,河水上涨了了10米。米。This year the output of that car factory has increased to 10 000.那个汽那个汽车厂的厂的产量今年增加到量今年增加到10
38、, 000台。台。即学即用即学即用(1)I demanded that John_there at once.Ago Bgoes Cwent Dwould go答案:答案:A(2)Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain_an inch.Aby Bat Cto Dfrom答案:答案:A2As one American student says,“The biggest problem about learning Chinese is often fearsometimes caused by the teachers.”正正如如一一位位美
39、美国国学学生生说说的的:“学学习习汉汉语语最最大大的的问问题题常常常常是是害害怕怕有时是由老师引起的有时是由老师引起的”。as是是关关系系代代词,引引导定定语从从句句,在在定定语从从句句中中作作say的的宾语,意思是,意思是“正如;正像正如;正像”。As is known to us all, the earth is round.正如我正如我们所知,地球是所知,地球是圆的。的。关系代关系代词as引引导的定的定语从句与从句与which引引导的定的定语从句从句as和和which引引导非非限限制制性性定定语从从句句时,其其用用法法有有相相同同之之处,也有不同之也有不同之处。具体情况是:。具体情况是
40、:1)as和和which都都可可以以在在定定语从从句句中中作作主主语或或宾语,代代表表前前面整个句子。面整个句子。He married her, as/which was natural.他娶了她,那是很自然的。他娶了她,那是很自然的。2)as引引导的的非非限限制制性性定定语从从句句可可以以放放在在主主句句之之前前或或主主句句之之后后,甚甚至至还可可分分割割主主句句,且且常常见于于as is known, as sb. can know, as sb. know, as its well known, as it is, as is said above等等句句型型中中。which引引导的的非
41、非限限制制性性定定语从从句句只只可放在主句之后。另外,可放在主句之后。另外,as常有常有“正如;正像正如;正像”的含的含义。John, as you know, is a famous writer.正如你所知道的,正如你所知道的,约翰是一个著名作家。翰是一个著名作家。Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I dont believe.我不相信我不相信张华已已经去巴黎超去巴黎超过10次了。次了。3)当先行当先行词被被such, the same修修饰时,关系代,关系代词常用常用as。This is the same dic
42、tionary as I lost last week.这是和我上周是和我上周丢失的一失的一样的的词典。典。注注意意:当当先先行行词被被the same修修饰时,偶偶尔尔也也用用that引引导定定语从句,但与从句,但与as引引导的定的定语从句意思有区从句意思有区别。She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding.她穿着她在她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿婚礼上穿过的那条的那条连衣裙。衣裙。She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.她穿着跟她妹妹一她穿着跟她妹妹一样的的连衣裙。衣裙。即
43、学即用即学即用_is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.AWhich BWhen CWhat DAs答答案案:Das引引导导定定语语从从句句,在在定定语语从从句句中中作作主主语语,代代表后面的整个句子。表后面的整个句子。3I remember the first time I heard a native of Beijing speaking, it was so clear!我记得第一次听到北京当地话,太地道了!我记得第一次听到北京当地话,太地道了!the first time连 词 , 引引 导 时 间 状状 语
44、 从从 句句 , 相相 当当 于于when.for the first time。The first time I met him, he was a child.我第一次我第一次见到他到他时,他,他还是个孩子是个孩子 。词语辨析词语辨析the first time从句与从句与Its the first time从句从句1)the first time从从句句,表表示示“第第一一次次做做时”,从从句句的的时态用一般用一般过去去时态。2)Its the first time从从句句,表表示示“这是是我我第第一一次次做做”,从从句的句的时态用完成用完成时态。The first time I rea
45、d the book, I liked it.我初次我初次读这本本书就喜就喜欢上了它。上了它。Its the first time I have seen such a beautiful lake.这是我第一次看是我第一次看见这么美么美丽的湖。的湖。It was the first time he had been to Beijing.那是他第一次去北京。那是他第一次去北京。即学即用即学即用I thought of her nice and honest_I met her.Afirst time Bfor the first timeCthe first time Dby the fir
46、st time答案:答案:C4Established in 1990, the HSK test was initially meant for those learners who regard Chinese as a second or foreign language.HSK测测试试创创立立于于1990年年,起起初初是是为为面面向向那那些些把把汉汉语语作作为为第二语言或外语的学习者成立的。第二语言或外语的学习者成立的。be meant for为而而有有;注注定定要要成成为;计划划被被给予予某人某人The magazine was meant for young girls.那份那份杂志
47、是志是编给年年轻女孩看的。女孩看的。He was meant for a painter.他注定要当画家。他注定要当画家。I was never meant for the army.我根本不是当兵的材料。我根本不是当兵的材料。即学即用即学即用In some parts of London, missing a bus means_for another hour.Awaiting Bto waitCwait Dto be waiting答答案案:Amean doing表表示示“意意味味着着”;句句意意:在在伦伦敦敦的部分地区,错过一班车意味着要再等上一个小时。的部分地区,错过一班车意味着要再等上一个小时。