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1、专项复习之动词动词-三单形式1、动词第三人称单数 在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es 动词第三人称单数变化有三种形式: 1)一般动词在词尾直接加s,s在清辅音之后读/s/,在浊辅音或元音后读/z/,ds读/dz/,ts读/ts/。如:help-helps/helps/,get-gets/gets/,read-reads/ri:dz/ 2) 以字母x、s、ch、sh或有以o结尾的词加es,es读/iz/。如:teach-teaches/ti: t iz/, wash-washes/wiz/ 动词-三单形式 3) 以辅音字母加y结尾
2、的动词,变y为i加es,ies读/iz/。如:carry-carries/kriz/,fly-flies/flaiz/ 注:在play-plays/pleiz/,say-says/sez/中,字母y前为元音字母,第三人称单数直接在y后加s即可 4)以不发音e结尾的,直接加s,如果尾音是/s/z/的,加s后字母“e”与“s”一起读作/iz/ 5)特殊词例外。如:be-is/iz/,have-has/hz/动词-现在分词ing形式 2、动词现在分词形式 1)一般情况在动词原形后直接加ing。如:go-going,stand-standing 2)以不发音e结尾的动词,去掉e再加ing。如:danc
3、e-dancing,ride-riding 3)以重读闭音节结尾的,末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,双写最后一个辅音字母再加ing。如:swim-swimming,run-running,get-getting 4) 少数几个以ie结尾的,须将ie变为y再加ing。如:die-dying,lie-lying 动词-过去式3、动词过去式 1)动词过去式的变化规则 (1)一般情况下,动词词尾加 ed ,如:worked played wanted acted (2)以不发音的 e 结尾动词,动词词尾加 d,如: lived moved decided declined hoped judged (3)以
4、辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,把y变为i 再加ed,如: studied tried copied cried carried 动词-过去式(4)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加 ed,如:stopped begged dropped planned (5)注:不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。 go - went,make - made,get - got ,buy - bought ,come - came ,fly-flew ,is/am-was,are-were ,see-saw ,bring-brought,do-did,teach-taught,
5、 think-thought, say-said,sit-sat. read-read,spend-spent,eat-ate,give-gave,sit-sat,tell-told,write-wrote,feel-felt,find-found,hear-heard,know-knew put-put,grow-grew,take-took,catch-caught,come-came,become-became,swim-swam,sweepswept,singsang,drawdrew 动词-过去式不规则动词的过去式大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法: 以t结尾的词,过去式与原形相同。如:pu
6、tput, letlet, cutcut, beatbeat 以d结尾的词,把d变成t。如:buildbuilt, lendlent, sendsent, spendspent 以n结尾的词,在词后加t。如:meanmeant, burnburnt, learnlearnt 以ow / aw结尾的词,把ow / aw变成ew。如:blowblew, drawdrew, knowknew, growgrew 含有双写字母的词,将双写改为单写,在词尾加t。如:keepkept, sleepslept, feelfelt, smellsmelt 含有元音字母o / i的词,将o / i变成a。如:singsang, givegave, sitsat, drinkdrank 动词-过去式规则动词词尾加ed的读音 (1)在清辅音后读作t。如:asked, helped, watched, stopped (2)在浊辅音和元音后读作d如:enjoyed, studied, moved,(3) 在t / d后读作id。如:wanted, needed同学们同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全