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1、Module 5 Unit 1Getting along with others(2)1、Football is very important to me,but so is our friendship.足球很重要,但是我足球很重要,但是我们的友的友谊也很重要。也很重要。表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事。肯定用句型:“so助动词或情态动词主语”来表示,前后两句的时态应该一致。否定用句型:“neither/nor助动词或情态动词主语”来表示,前后两句的时态应该一致。Tom is good at maths, and so am I. 汤姆擅长数学,我也一样。如果只是对前面的话表示证实,则不用倒
2、装。注意对比:“So主语 助动词”,前后主语一致,表示对前面提到的事情予以肯定。可以翻译为“的确如此”。Tom says you work hard, so you do, and so does he. 汤姆说你工作努力,你的确如此,他也是一样。B表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事。表示否定用句型:“neither/nor助动词或情态动词主语”来表示,前后两句的时态应该一致。故选择答案B。 Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? I dont know, _. A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care CI don
3、t care neither DI dont care also2、I told my brother about the quarrel, but he said Matthew is just too sensitive and perhaps a little bitter because I am really athletic and good at football, and that I had better find another friend.我把吵架的事情告我把吵架的事情告诉了哥哥,但是他了哥哥,但是他说马修只是修只是太敏感,可能太敏感,可能还有点嫉妒,因有点嫉妒,因为我
4、身体我身体强强壮,足壮,足球踢得好,他球踢得好,他说我最好我最好还是另外找一个朋友。是另外找一个朋友。句子结构分析:本句为but连接的并列复合句。he said后面为两个并列的宾语从句,第一个宾语从句的引导词that省略,其中还含有because引导的原因状语从句,第二个宾语从句是that I had better find another friend.注意事项:句子的谓语动词后接两个及其以上的宾语从句,除第一个外,其他宾语从句的引导词不能够省略。B考查并列的宾语从句that的省略规则。Having checked后第一个that可以省略外,其他宾语从句的引导词that不能够省略,因此可得正
5、确答案为B。Having checked the doors were closed, and _ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. A. why B. that C. when D. where3、boys share activities, while girls share feelings.男孩子共享活男孩子共享活动,而女孩子分享情感。,而女孩子分享情感。while conj. 然而,表示意义的对比。Once people thought that heavy objects fell fa
6、ster while light objects fell slower. 以前人们认为重的物体下落得快而轻的下落得慢。 while还可以引导时间状语从句,表示“当时”,从句的谓语一般为持续性动词;引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管”、“虽然”。另外,在短语after a while, in a while, for a while中,while是名词,表示“一会儿”。C这是时间状语从句,但因为从句用的是瞬间动词,when从句的动词既可为瞬间动词,也可为持续性动词。The opening ceremony was over _ we arrived at the spot. A. while B.
7、as C. when D. sinceB表示意义的对比。It is commonly believed that boys are good at maths _ girls enjoy literature. A. when B. while C. as D. howeverC引导让步状语从句。_ my father doesnt like watching football games, he accompanied me to the gym last weekend. A. When B. Since C. While D. As1. Dsaying nothing about the
8、 argument作状语。1. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _ nothing about the argument.(2011全国大纲卷) A. says B. said C. to say D. saying2. BSo what? 那又会怎么样?2. Her father is very rich. _ She wouldnt accept his help even if it were offered.(2010山东) A. What for? B. So what? C. No doubt. D. No wonder.3. Bwould rath
9、er 后接从句表示对现在或将来的虚拟时,应用一般过去时。3. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he _ more on its culture.(2010江苏) A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused不定式不定式不定式有两种形式:一是带to的不定式;二是不带to的不定式,即所谓的动词原形。不定式的动词性质表现在:可有时态和语态的变化,可有自己的宾语和状语并与其组成不定式短语。主动语态被动语态一般时to doto be d
10、one进行时to be doing完成时to have doneto have been done1不定式的句法功能:(1)作主语,或在形式主语结构中作真正的主语。Its been lucky to meet you.能遇到你是一种幸运。(2)作表语。The important thing is to save lives.救人要紧。(3)作宾语,或在形式宾语结构中作真正的宾语。I thought it wrong to do this thing.我认为做这件事是错的。(4)作定语,通常置于其所修饰的名词或代词之后,与其所修饰的名词或代词可能是主谓关系,也可能是动宾关系。I have a l
11、ot of work to do.我有许多工作要做。(5)作同位语。They had received instructions to watch him.他们收到了监视他的命令。(6)作状语,其逻辑主语通常是全句的主语。We must do everything to help them.我们要尽一切力量帮助他们。(7)作宾语补足语,宾语与用作补足语的不定式构成复合宾语,二者在逻辑上是主谓关系。We believe her to be innocent.我们相信她无罪。(8)作独立成分。To tell the truth, it wasted time to see that film.说实
12、在的,看那样的电影真是浪费时间。2当不定式的动作执行者与句子的主语不一致时,不定式前要加一个名词或代词作不定式的逻辑主语,该名词或代词常由介词for引导。“for名词或代词不定式”称为不定式复合结构,在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语等。She is an example for us to follow.她是我们学习的榜样。3疑问词who, what, which, when, where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语,它在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。When to start has not been decided.何时动身尚未决定。4不定式的语态(1)不定
13、式的一般时所表示的动作和状态发生在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态的同时或以后。Mother believes her son to be excellent.母亲相信儿子是优秀的。(2)不定式的进行时所表示的动作或状态与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态同时发生。They seem to be getting along well.他们似乎相处得很好。(3)不定式的完成时所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态以前。They concluded him to have been dead.他们断定他已死亡。(4)当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动式。不定式的被动
14、式在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语或补语等。To be followed was natural to Tom.汤姆生性要别人听命于他。(5)“be过去分词不定式的被动式”可构成双重被动式。常用于双重被动式的动词有allow,announce,ask,attempt,believe,desire,enable,expect,intend,know,leave,mean, order, permit, report, say等。The books are not allowed to be taken out of the office.不许将书带出办公室。5不定式省略to的几种情况(1
15、)在助动词或情态动词后接不带to的不定式。Must I finish the job today?我今天必须完成这项工作吗?(2)在had better, had best, would rather, would sooner, rather than等结构后接不带to的不定式。We had better treat it as a joke.我们最好把它当作玩笑。(3)当主语从句中或修饰主语的定语从句中有do时,其表语如果是不定式,常省去to。The only thing he could do was wait patiently.他唯一能做的事就是耐心等待。(4)在介词but, exc
16、ept之前如有动词do,其后的不定式不用to;其前如无动词do,其后的不定式则一般带to。She can do everything except cook.除了不会做饭她什么都能做。(5)动词原形go与come等在口语中可接不带to的不定式。Come and read this book!过来读一下这本书!(6)为了避免重复而省去to。但两个不定式若有对照或对比之意,则不可省去to。Teacher came not to scold, but to praise you.老师不是来骂你而是来夸你的。(7)疑问词why引导的省略句中的不定式,在当代英语中一般须省去to。Why not try
17、again?为什么不再试试呢?(8)在let, make, have等使役动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to。My mother wouldnt let me go to the film.我妈妈不会让我去看电影的。(9)在感觉动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to。I watched her get into the car.我看着她上了车。(10)在动词help后用作宾语或宾语补足语的不定式可以不带to。Can I help (to) carry this heavy box?我可以帮忙扛这个重箱子吗?高考湖南卷的单选题中动词不定式必考,每年一题,总计1分。1只能后接不定式的动词和
18、短语归纳:ask, demand(要求), plan, intend, mean(计划), manage, do / try ones best, make an attempt(努力), learn(学习), hope, desire, expect, long, want, would like, would prefer, wish(希望、愿意), agree, promise(同意), decide, determine, choose, make a decision, make up ones mind(决定), offer(主动提出), apply(申请), help(帮助),
19、fail(不能、没有), prepare(准备), pretend(假装), refuse(拒绝), happen(碰巧), afford(负担得起)等。2某些抽象名词需要接不定式作定语。plan, attempt, decision, determination, intention, courage, ambition,promise, chance, opportunity, right, ability, effort等。3序数词和last, few等词后常接不定式作定语。4主动表被动的不定式。(1)不定式to blame, to let, to seek用作表语时,通常用主动表被动意
20、义。Who is to blame?该怪谁呢? A better way is yet to seek.还得找一种更好的办法。(2)在“be 形容词to do”的结构中,即不定式在作表语的形容词后充当状语,同时,主语是不定式结构的逻辑宾语,此时习惯上以主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词通常有difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, enough, sure, fit, nice, dangerous, comfortable, exciting, good, important等。The text is easy to understand.这篇课文容易理解。The
21、chair is very comfortable to sit on.这椅子坐起来很舒服。(3)不定式作定语修饰名词或代词时(此时不定式与其所修饰的名词或代词之间存在动宾关系),如果句子中的另一名词或代词(就是句子的主语)可以充当不定式的逻辑主语,即与该不定式之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,则此时不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。I have a meeting to attend.我有一个会议要参加。(其中I是不定式to attend的逻辑主语)Have you a letter to send?你要去寄信吗?(you是to send的逻辑主语)。但是,当不定式的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,则不定
22、式就需要用被动语态。Have you a letter to be sent? 你有信要我去寄吗? (该句中不定式to be sent与主句主语you之间不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。)(4)在“疑问词what/which/whom不定式”结构中,有时以主动形式表被动意义。 He will advise you what to do.他会建议你们做什么。(5)在“tooto”结构中,用主动形式表示被动意义,此时不定式前面可以加逻辑主语。The box is too heavy (for me) to carry.这盒子太重了,搬不动。 1. Considering the dangerous sit
23、uation, they asked for _ another meeting. A. there be B. there to be C. there being D. there was B此题很容易误选C,因为空格前有介词 for,所以其后的 there be 的非谓语形式应用 there being,而不用 there to be。其实错了,正确答案应是B。在通常情况下,there be 结构出现在介词后时,要用 there being 的形式,但这有一个例外,就是在介词 for之后只能用there to be。2. I havent heard from Henry for a long time. What do you suppose _ to him? A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. had happenedC此题容易误选B,认为动词 suppose 后接动词用不定式。正确答案应是C,其中的 do you suppose 是插入成分。同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全