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1、What is a robot?A robot is basically a computer-controlled machine that is programmed to move, manipulate (操纵操纵) objects, and accomplish(完成完成) work for us human beings. It is able to perform repetitive tasks more quickly, cheaply, and accurately than humans.All robots are made up of 3 elements:Body
2、Control BehaviorThese definitions includes many objects that we encounter in our everyday lives. For example:RobotNon-RobotAlarm ClockWalkmanTraffic Light (timed)CarMicrowave (cook for 2 min)TypewriterPhotocopier (make 100)BicycleVCR (recording)FlashlightSometimes,afewoftheobjectsweveclassifiedabove
3、canbeconsideredbothrobotandnon-robot.Thosethatcanfallintobothcategories(种类)includingthecar(itsarobotwithcruisecontrol),theTV(itsarobotifithasalarmcapabilities),andtheVCR(itsanon-robotifyourejustplayingatape).WarmingUpLets look at some pictures and see what robots can look like.huge armhumanssnake(ma
4、ntis)spider螳螂Robotscanbemadeintoallkindsofthings.Robotsn nMobilen nHumanoidn nLeggedn nIndustrialWarmingupWhat can robots do ?humans, snake, huge arm, spiderhomeworkplay with me play football What can robots look like?RobotsPlaywithhumanLookforhumanTalkwithhumanHouseworkAndsoonWhat kinds of work are
5、 robots usually used for?Robots are made to perform different tasks. Many of them are used for tasks that areeither dangerous or unpleasant for us human beings. In medical laboratories, robots handle potentially hazardous(dangerous) materials, such as blood or urine samples (尿样尿样). In other cases, r
6、obots are used in repetitive, monotonous(boring) tasks in which human performance might degrade (降低价值降低价值) over time. Robots can perform these repetitive, high-precision operations 24 hours a day without fatigue.WhyweuseRobots?Therearemanybenefitstouserobotsinsteadofhumans.Canyouimagineworkinginafac
7、toryallday,everyday,doingtheexactsamethingoverandoveragain?Thegoodthingaboutrobotsisthattheywillnevergetbored,andtheywilldothingsmoreefficientlythanpeople.Also, robots never get sick, or need to rest. This means they can work for 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.They will never need time off, or lunch
8、breaks. Sometimes, when a task is too dangerous or difficult for a human, a robot will be able to do it without any risks or problems. (Robots in the Real World will focus on these tasks) Why we study robots?SearchenginesLaborScienceMedicine/DiagnosisAppliancesWhat else?诊断Honda Humanoid RobotWalkTur
9、nStairsSony AIBORobot TeamsUSC robotics LabHistoryofRobotsThiswasoneofthefirstrobots-TherobotsnamewasElektroandhisdogsnamewasSparko.TheyappearedattheNewYorkWorldsFairin1939.Whilepluggedin,Elektrocouldsay77wordsandmovebackwardsandforwards.When did the first robot appear?Inthe1920s,KarlCapekfromCzecho
10、slovakiaintroducedtheworldsfirstrobotonstage.HisplaywasentitledRossumsUniversalRobots.Thethemeoftheplaywasrobotscontrollinghumansinsociety.Althoughheintroducedtheideaofrobots,KarlCapekwasskepticalabouthowmuchofanimpactrobotscouldhave.Herejectedallsuggestionsthatarobotcouldeverreplaceahumanbeing,orha
11、vefeelingssuchasloveorrebellion.LawsofRoboticsTheRussian/Americanscientistandauthor,IsaacAsimov,whowrotesciencefiction,proposedthree(andthenheaddedLawZero)LawsofRobotics(inthe1940s):LawZero:Arobotmaynotinjurehumanity,or,throughinaction,allowhumanitytocometoharm.LawOne:Arobotmaynotinjureahumanbeingor
12、throughinactionallowahumanbeingtocometoharm.LawTwo:Arobotmustobeytheordersgivenitbyhumanbeings,exceptwheresuchorderswouldconflictwiththeFirstLaw.LawThree:Arobotmustprotectitsownexistence,aslongassuchprotectiondoesnotconflictwiththeFirstorSecondLaws.1.WhichoneofthefollowingisNOTarobot?A.BicycleB.Traf
13、ficlightC.MicrowaveD.Photocopier2.Whichofthefollowingcanbeconsideredbotharobotandanon-robot?A.AlarmClockB.MotorBikeC.MicrowaveD.VCR3.Whywouldacompanychoosetouserobotsinsteadofhumans?A.TheynevergetsickB.TheydontneedalunchbreakC.TheyllneverbeboredD.AlloftheaboveRobot Quiz4.Robotscandoworkthatistoo_for
14、humans.A.FunB.ScaryC.DangerousD.Predictable5.Arobotwouldbeusedinsteadofahumaninwhichsituation?A. AnelephantescapedfromthecircusB. AterroristplantedabombinanofficebuildingC. AcatwasstuckinatreeD. Yourfriendfellintothelakeandcouldntswim6.Wheredoyouthinkrobotswillshowupinthefuture?A.OurhomesB. Ourschoo
15、lsC. OurbodiesD. Alloftheabove7.Whatisthehardestthingforarobottodo?A.EatB.WalkC.TalkD.Alloftheabove8.Whointroducedtheworldsfirstrobot?A.ThomasEdisonB.MarieCurieC.KarlCapekD.NeilArmstrong9.WhatisarobotNOTallowedtodoaccordingtothe3LawsofRobotics?A.HavefunB.DriveacarC.InjureahumanbeingD.Gotothemovies13.Whatwasthenameoftherobot-camerainvolvedinthediscoveryandexplorationoftheTitanicshipwreck?A.FrankB.JasonC.BillD.Scott14.Whatwasthenameoftherobot-dogthatyoureadaboutintheHistoryofRobots?A.Fido B.Sparko C.SpotD.FluffyI robot 2046同学们同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全
