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1、语态语态时态时态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式完成式完成式(not) doing(not) being done(not)having done(not)having been done1、V-ing可具有时态意义可具有时态意义一般式（一般式（doing）完成式完成式（havingdone）1)Sheisproudofbeingbeautiful她为自己的美丽而骄傲。（同时）她为自己的美丽而骄傲。（同时）2)IamthinkingofgoingtotheIndustrialExhibitionthisafternoon我想下午去看工业展览。（在其后）我想下午去看工业展览。（在其后
2、）A)V-ing一般式（一般式（doing）的）的语法功能语法功能His hobby is painting.Im proud of being a Chinese.习惯习惯抽象抽象 Her hobby is painting. 她的业余爱好是画画。她的业余爱好是画画。 My job is looking after the children. 我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。 -ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后，用来泛指形式作表语时放在系动词之后，用来泛指某种动作或行为，以说明主语的身份、性质或情某种动作或行为，以说明主语的身份、性质或情况。况。 They lived i
3、n a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 他们住在一间面朝街的房子。他们住在一间面朝街的房子。 The man standing there is Peters father. = The man who is standing there is Peters father. -ing形式短语作定语时形式短语作定语时,放在所修饰的名词之放在所修饰的名词之后后,并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。 His brother, working as a teacher
4、, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。 -ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。分用逗号分开。 When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. 当我们回到学校时当我们回到学
5、校时, 发现一个陌生人发现一个陌生人站在大门口。站在大门口。 -ing形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语 动词动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。强调一个过程或一种状态。全析提示：全析提示：接现在分析作宾语补足语的动词有接现在分析作宾语补足语的动词有feel, hear, listen to, see, look at, watch, observe, notice, find, smell, set, have, keep, start, leave, get ,ca
6、tch等。等。 We saw a light burning in the window. I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder. Can you smell anything burning? As he spoke, he observed everybody looking at him curiously. Listen to the birds singing. I didnt notice him waiting. I wont have you doing that. This set me thinking.Im sorry to
7、 have kept you waiting. I cant get the clock going again.You wont catch me doing that again.你看吧，我决不会做那种事了。你看吧，我决不会做那种事了。 -ing form 做状语做状语Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying.When they heard the bad newsGiven more attention, the trees could have grown better.If they had been given more atte
8、ntionBeing so angry, he couldnt go to sleep.Because he was so angryThey came into the classroom,singing and laughing.and they were singing laughing将下列状语从句改为非谓语将下列状语从句改为非谓语短语作状语：短语作状语：1. Because she was moved by the hero, she decided to study harder.Moved by the hero,2. When he found the door locked,
9、 he went home.Finding the door locked,B)V-ing完成式（完成式（having done）的用）的用 法法Thank you for having helped me so much.He is praised for having devoted his life for his country.Before being used, the machinemust be checked.我为没能遵守诺言表示歉意。我为没能遵守诺言表示歉意。I apologize for not having kept my promise （之前发生）（之前发生） 他因
10、对国家做了这样大的贡献而受到表他因对国家做了这样大的贡献而受到表扬。扬。 He was praised for having made such a contribution to the country （之前发生）（之前发生） 2、V-ing可具有语态意义可具有语态意义 如果如果-ing与句中的逻辑主语构成被动关与句中的逻辑主语构成被动关系，需用其被动形式系，需用其被动形式（beingdone，havingbeendone）。其否定形式是：其否定形式是：notbeingdone,nothavingbeendone例如：例如：他们无法忍受这样的待遇。他们无法忍受这样的待遇。Theycould
11、ntstandbeingtreatedlikethat（与其逻辑主语（与其逻辑主语They构成被动关系构成被动关系)被动语态被动语态 一、动名词的被动形式一、动名词的被动形式 1当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这个动作的对象时，这个动名词一般要用被动这个动作的对象时，这个动名词一般要用被动形式。形式。Being killed by sharks was a common occurrence 因此那时被鲨鱼吃掉是常有的事。因此那时被鲨鱼吃掉是常有的事。 He could not bear _ like that 人家这样开他的玩笑他受不了。人家这样开他的玩笑
12、他受不了。 He didnt mind _ 把他留在家里他并不在意。把他留在家里他并不在意。 being made fun ofbeing left at homeThis question is_ 这问题远远没有解决。这问题远远没有解决。 He did it without being asked 没有谁请他做，他自己做的。没有谁请他做，他自己做的。 You cant eat anything before_ 在动手术之前在动手术之前你不能你不能.吃任何东西。吃任何东西。far from being settledbeing operated on二、现在分词的被动形式二、现在分词的被动形式
13、 现在动作是一个被动动作时，要用现在现在动作是一个被动动作时，要用现在分词的被动形式。包括其一般形式分词的被动形式。包括其一般形式“(not)beingdone”和完成式和完成式“(not) having beendone”这种形式可以这种形式可以用来：用来： 1作状语作状语 Being asked who stole the salt，the poor young man put his hands under his clothes.当被问及谁偷了盐时，这个可怜的年轻人当被问及谁偷了盐时，这个可怜的年轻人把手藏到了衣服里。把手藏到了衣服里。(时间状语。时间状语。)_, the trees
14、are growing better and better. 由于受到了很好的照顾，这些树长得越来由于受到了很好的照顾，这些树长得越来越壮越壮(原因状语原因状语)John, _ for many years, had recently been set free.约翰被关在监狱许多年后，最近获释。约翰被关在监狱许多年后，最近获释。(时时间状语间状语)_to the wrong address, the letter did not reach her.由于那封信的地址投错了，她没有收到。由于那封信的地址投错了，她没有收到。(原因状语原因状语)Being taken good care of h
15、aving been kept a prisoner Having been sent2作定语作定语 The large house_ is a new shopping mall.正在施工的大楼是一座新的综合商店正在施工的大楼是一座新的综合商店 3作宾语补足语作宾语补足语 I saw a baby_ by two men.我看见一个婴儿被两个男人抓走了我看见一个婴儿被两个男人抓走了being builtbeing caught away我听说他被选为那个队的教练。我听说他被选为那个队的教练。 I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach
16、of the team（与其逻辑主语（与其逻辑主语his构成被动关系构成被动关系)因为没收到他父亲的来信，因为没收到他父亲的来信，他决定给他打个电话。他决定给他打个电话。Not having received his fathers letter, he decided to make a call to him.注意1)在want，need，require，deserve等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义，但如果用不定式则用被动式。例如： The flowers in the garden want watering花园里的花需要浇水了。（比较：The flowers in
17、the garden want to be watered） Thats one of those questions that really dont need answering那是一个那种真的不需回答的问题。（比较：The questions dont need to be answered）2） 在（在（be）worth后面只能用动名词的后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。主动态来表示被动意义。例如：例如： 他的提议值得考虑他的提议值得考虑His suggestion is worth considering.此句可转换成：此句可转换成：His suggestion is wort
18、hy to be considered. 3） allow, advise, forbid, permit等动词后直接跟所有格及动词作宾等动词后直接跟所有格及动词作宾语时，要用语时，要用V-ing形式；如果后面有名词或形式；如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后再跟宾语补足语（即构成代词作宾语，然后再跟宾语补足语（即构成复合宾语），其宾语补足语用带复合宾语），其宾语补足语用带to的不定式。的不定式。 我不允许他在此地游泳。我不允许他在此地游泳。 I dont allow him to swim here.Some foods are eaten without _. A. well absorbin
19、g B. being well absorbed C. absorbing D .well absorbed .Articles(物品物品) used by patients must be disinfected(消毒消毒) before _ others. A. using B. being used by C. used by D. being using.He attended the party without _. A. invited B. inviting C. having invited D. being invited Rebecca was unhappy for _
20、the first chance to go abroad. A. not having been given B. not having given C. not giving D. having not been given5.By_,watercanbechangedintogas.A.heatingB.beingheatedC.havingheatedD.heated6.Theclassroomwants_.A.cleanB.cleanedC.tocleanD.cleaning7.Thoughitsoundsabittoodear,itisworth_.A.beingboughtB.b
21、uyingC.tobuyD.buyingit8.ThisX-raymachineneeds_.A.repairingB.torepairC.repairedD.beingrepaired9.Theofficersnarrowlyescaped_inthehotbattle.A.havekilledB.tokillC.tobekilledD.beingkilled10.Didyouenjoyyourselflastnight?Itsveryniceofyou.Iappreciated_totheparty.A.tobeinvitedB.tohaveinvitedC.beinginvitedD.h
22、avingbeeninvited11.Whileweredevelopingagricultureandindustry,wemustpreventtheearth_.A.frompollutingB.pollutedC.pollutingD.beingpolluted12.Do you mind _ alone at home? A. Jane leaving B. Jane having left C. Janes being left D. Jane to be left13.How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? A. To
23、take B. take C. taking D. to be taking 14. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercises. A. Having taught B. Having been taught C. Taught D. Teaching 3、V-ing可带有自己的逻辑主语可带有自己的逻辑主语一般情况下，动名词的逻辑主语可泛指任何一般情况下，动名词的逻辑主语可泛指任何人或与句中主语一致。例如：人或与句中主语一致。例如：但出于句意表达的需要，但出于句意表达的需要，V-ing常常带有自己常常带有自己的逻
24、辑主语。的逻辑主语。V-ing自己带的逻辑主语有两自己带的逻辑主语有两种形式：种形式：a）在）在V-ing前加前加“物主代词或名词物主代词或名词的所有格的所有格”；b）在）在V-ing前加前加“名词的普通名词的普通格或人称代词的宾格格或人称代词的宾格”。两者的区别是：前两者的区别是：前者为正式语体，后者多用于非正式语体，多者为正式语体，后者多用于非正式语体，多见于口语和动名词位于句中时。因此，在书见于口语和动名词位于句中时。因此，在书面文体中，尽量用前者，不用后者；但在口面文体中，尽量用前者，不用后者；但在口语中使用后者更为自然。语中使用后者更为自然。Doyoumindmysmokingint
25、heroom？你介意我在室内吸烟吗？你介意我在室内吸烟吗？Idontremembermymothercomplaining我不记得我母亲抱怨过。我不记得我母亲抱怨过。Iobjecttohimmakingprivatecallsontheofficephone我反对他为私事我反对他为私事使用办公室电话。使用办公室电话。1._ ill worried my parents greatly.A. I fell B. Me falling C. My falling D. I falling2. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon. （NET 1992） Ayou to call Byou call Cyou calling Dyoure calling其他情况1.gowithoutsaying表示不用说、毫无疑义或不成问题。Itgoeswithoutsayingthatyourewelcometovisitmeatanytime.还用得着说,你什么时候来看我都欢迎。2).No+动名词动名词用于表示禁止或不准的简短命令或法规,其后不可接受词。Noparking!Nosmoking!禁止吸烟!禁止泊车!同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全
