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1、3.Titanic is the ship _ a terrible disaster happened to.1.This is the ship _ name is also Titanic .2.Titanic is the ship _ sank after hitting an iceberg in 1894.whosethat/which4.Titanic is the ship to _ a terrible disaster happened.介词后不能用介词后不能用thatthatthat/whichwhich1.Fill in the blanks using that /
2、 which / whose.I was born in Shanghai.Shanghai is a beautiful city.Shanghai, where I was born, is a beautiful city.Shanghai, in which I was born ,is a beautiful city.2.Combine each pair of sentences using when / where.I still remember the day.I first came to the school on the day.I still remember th
3、e day when I first came to the school.I still remember the day on which I first came to the school.定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰的词后面。定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰的词后面。被定语从句所修饰的被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做叫做“先行先行词词”。引导定语从句的词叫。引导定语从句的词叫“关系词关系词”。关。关系词有两个作用：系词有两个作用：1.引导定语从句。引导定语从句。2.代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。定的句子成分。我们可以用数学的方法我们
4、可以用数学的方法代入法代入法来解来解析定语从句这个难题。析定语从句这个难题。要运用代入法来解释定语从句，首先要要运用代入法来解释定语从句，首先要理清理清定语从句的关系词在句子中能代替什定语从句的关系词在句子中能代替什么和能作什么成分么和能作什么成分。那么，如何才能更好地掌握定语从句呢？那么，如何才能更好地掌握定语从句呢？relativesused forused aswhichthatwhowhomwhenwherewhy表示表示所有格关系所有格关系: :关系代词何时可以省略？关系代词何时可以省略？ 做做宾语宾语时可以省略时可以省略物主语，宾语人，物主语，宾语人主语人宾语时间状语地点状语原因状
5、语whose定语用用“代入法代入法”解析定语从句，大概有如下几解析定语从句，大概有如下几个步骤：个步骤： 1 1：通读全句，找出：通读全句，找出先行词先行词: : （ 即定语从句所修饰的词即定语从句所修饰的词 ）。）。 2 2：判定先行词的：判定先行词的属性属性： 是人，是物，还是人物皆有。是人，是物，还是人物皆有。 3 3：把先行词：把先行词代入代入后面的定语从句中，后面的定语从句中，分分析其所作成分析其所作成分。 4 4：确定：确定引导词引导词。在这四个步骤中，第三点中的在这四个步骤中，第三点中的“分析成分分析成分” 就是解释并确定就是解释并确定定语从句的引导词的定语从句的引导词的关键关键
6、。 注注意意：Example:1949 was the year _ New China was founded.1949 was the year _ the Chinese people cant forget.第一步：确定先行词：两句话的先行词皆为第一步：确定先行词：两句话的先行词皆为 the year 第二步：判定先行词的属性，是物，第二步：判定先行词的属性，是物，（先排除先排除who, whomwho, whom的可能性的可能性）第三步：把先行词代入定语从句中第三步：把先行词代入定语从句中: : New China was founded the year 1949. when /
7、in which which / that / （时间状语）（时间状语） The Chinese people cant forget the year 1949.（宾语）（宾语）第四步：确定引导词。第四步：确定引导词。 in the year 1949.1.The boy who/that lives next door has two dogs.2.The woman (who/whom/that) you visited last week is a famous writer.3.Do you know the boy whose eyes are blue?主语主语宾语宾语定语定语关
8、系代词的用法关系代词的用法1 1. .只用只用thatthat的情况的情况先行词是不定代词（如：先行词是不定代词（如：all, everything, all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much, fewnothing, anything, little, much, few等）或先等）或先行词被行词被all, only, every, no, some, any, all, only, every, no, some, any, little, few, verylittle, few, very（恰好，正是）等修饰时。（恰好，正是）等修
9、饰时。Everything that can be done is done. He is the very man that they are looking for.在在there bethere be句型中。句型中。Theres still a seat that is still free in the corner. 先行词既有人又有物时。先行词既有人又有物时。He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. 先行词是序数词，形容词的最高级或被序先行词是序数词，形容词的最高级或被序数词，形容词的最高级（包括数词
10、，形容词的最高级（包括first, first, last)last)修饰时。修饰时。This is the best book that I have read this year.The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan.关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。Our village is no longer the place that it used to be.主句是以主句是以who / which开头的特殊疑问句或先开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是疑问代词行词是疑问代词who时（以免重复）。时（以免
11、重复）。Which is the room that Mr. Wang lives in?Who that has seen his works doesnt admire him？被被same修饰的先行词后可用修饰的先行词后可用that而而不用不用which.Yesterday I met the same scientist that you met last year.2.不用不用that的情况的情况引导词在定语从句中作介词宾语且引导词在定语从句中作介词宾语且置于该介词之置于该介词之后时后时，先行词如果是，先行词如果是人用人用whomwhom，先行词如果是，先行词如果是物则物则用用whi
12、chwhich，（，（介词后的关系词不可以省略介词后的关系词不可以省略）。）。The person at whom the boys are laughing is my brother.The room in which we live is very clean. 说明说明: : 将介词移至定语从句中或句尾时，将介词移至定语从句中或句尾时，whomwhom可换用可换用whowho或或thatthat也可省去；也可省去；whichwhich可换用可换用thatthat也可省去。也可省去。The person （whom / that ） the boys are laughing at is
13、 my brother.The room （which / that）we live in is very clean. 在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中The sun, which is very hot, gives a lot of energy to man. 先行词是先行词是thatthat时（以免重复）时（以免重复）Whats that which is moving on the table?先行词为先行词为those, he, she, anyone those, he, she, anyone 等等代词表代词表 “人人” 时时, ,关系代词用关系代词用who,who,
14、一一般不用般不用thatthat Those who want to go there must be at the school gate by 7:00 p.m. He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true manwhoseThe house whose window is broken is mine. whose=the houses window the window of the houseThe house is mine.the window of which is brokenof which the window is
15、broken注意：注意：whosewhose只用作定语，既可以用来指人，只用作定语，既可以用来指人，也可以用来指物。指物时可与也可以用来指物。指物时可与of whichof which结构结构互换，但词序不同，即互换，但词序不同，即whose+whose+名词名词=the+=the+名词名词+of which+of which =of which+the+ =of which+the+名词名词whose window is broken1.Hedidall / everything_hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisisthe verything_Iamafter.3.Wetalke
16、daboutthe men and the things_werememberedatschool.4.Heisthe onlyman_candothework.5.Thisisthe firstthing_Iwanttosay.6.Heisthe finestman_Ihaveeverworkedwith.7.Whoistheman_spoketoyouatthegate.8.Whichisthestar_isnearesttotheearth.thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat,which,whose,whomorwho?9.Is there anyt
17、hing else _ you want to say?10.He often speaks the role he played in the play, _ made others upset.11.He opened the door, in front of _ sat a boy.12.The man to _ I spoke is a famous scientist.13.The boy _ mother is dead was brought up by his father.thatwhichwhich whomwhose1. 关系副词和先行词的关系关系副词和先行词的关系I
18、still remember the day when I came here. This is the house where I lived last year. There are many reasons why people like traveling. when = on the day where = in the housewhy = for the reasons 关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词的用法关系副词的用法Can you think of a situation _ you can use the word?注意：注意： where 归
19、纳：归纳：先行词为先行词为situation, case, point 时时, ,使使用用 where.1.Illneverforgetthedays_weworkedtogether.2.Illneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.3.Iwenttotheplace_Iworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace_Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_hegave.when/inwhichwhich/that/where/inwhichwhi
20、ch/that/why/forwhichthat/which/几种易混的情况几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词介词介词+关系代词的特殊情况关系代词的特殊情况Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better . 注意：在固定短语中介词不能提前注意：在固定短语中介词不能提前care for, call on, put off, listen to, look for, look after 下面两句中的介词能提前吗下面两句中的介词能提前吗?1.
21、Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebookshepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?5.Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,standsourteacher.7.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_istheYellowRiver.8.Thetower_peoplecanhaveagoodviewisont
22、hehill.9.Theman_Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_hadntbeencleanedforatleastayear.onwhichforwhichfromwhichaboutwhichthroughwhichunderwhichofwhichfromwhichtowhomofwhich介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况as 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句 (1)(1)This is the same book as I
23、lost.This is the same book that I lost.Please compare:这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。这本书就是我丢的那本。as 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句 (2)(2)This is such an interesting book as we all like.This is so interesting a book as we all like.This is such an interesting book as we all like it.This is so interesting
24、 a book as we all like it.Please comparethe following sentences :这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句结果状语从句)Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.The city where I live is beautiful.Tongxiang,
25、where I live, is beautiful.形式形式作用作用能否省略能否省略 翻译翻译限制性限制性定语从句定语从句非限制性非限制性定语从句定语从句插入成分插入成分修饰限定修饰限定补充解释补充解释不能不能能能.的的限限制制性性定定语语从从句句省省略略后后主主语语所所指指就就不不明明确确，所所以以不不能能省省略略。限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句中非限制性定语从句中asas与与whichwhich的区别：的区别：as ,whichas ,which均可引导非限制性定语从句均可引导非限制性定语从句,as ,as 引导的引导的从句可以放在从句可
26、以放在句首、句中、句末句首、句中、句末；而；而whichwhich只能位只能位于主句于主句之后之后。You always work hard, as / which everyone knows.As is known to all, China is the country with largest population in the world.此外，此外，asas有有“如如，正象，正象”之意，与之连用的词有之意，与之连用的词有 know, see, expect, announce, point out等，常用等，常用被动结构如被动结构如as is announced( (据宣布）；据宣
27、布）；as is reported（据报道）；（据报道）；as is expected( (正如所期待正如所期待/ /料想的那样；不出所料）；料想的那样；不出所料）；as has been explained（正如所解释的那样）（正如所解释的那样）; ;as is mentioned above; （正如上面所提到的正如上面所提到的）; ; as is known to all/ as we all know （众所周知）（众所周知） who, whom, whose 也可以引导非限制性定也可以引导非限制性定语从句。语从句。Bobs father, who worked on the proj
28、ect, spent four years in Egypt.He spoke of a pen-friend, the name of whom / whose name Ive never forgotten. when，where ，介词介词which 也可以引导非限制性定语从句。也可以引导非限制性定语从句。 注意：注意：why不引导非限制性定语从句。不引导非限制性定语从句。We will put off the outing until next week, when we wont be so busy.In 1912， He went to America ，where he wa
29、s noticed by an important film directorI still remember October 2, on which /when he came to see me. 1. They could only read such stories _ had been rewritten in simple English.2. His dog became ill and died, _ made him very lonely.3. _ is known to us all, Taiwan belongs to China.4. My hometown is n
30、o longer the same_ it used to be.5. She is wearing the same hat _ I.6. She is wearing the same hat _ she wore last week.7. It is so good a book _ we all like to read.8. It is so good a book _ we all like to read it.aswhichAsasasthatasthat as / which / that ?在定语从句使用过程中要避免以下几点：在定语从句使用过程中要避免以下几点：1.1.错用
31、、多用或漏用引导词错用、多用或漏用引导词2.2.定语从句中的被替换成份没有去掉定语从句中的被替换成份没有去掉3.3.定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数上与先定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数上与先行词不一致行词不一致4.4.介词搭配错误介词搭配错误1.Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who_in China.A.works B.is working C.are working D.has been workingMake some choices:2 .Tom is the only one of the students who_to Shangha
32、i.A.have gone B.have been C.has been D.had gone3.The old man has two sons,_are lawyers.A.both of them B.both of who C.both of whom D.both of they4.I have many books,the best_was borrowed by Mary.A.about them B.of which C.among them D.in which 5.She showed me the ditionary_she paid a lot of money.A.b
33、y which B.to which C.for which D.on which 6.I can tell you_he told me last week.A.all which B.all what C.that all D.all that7.Please pass me the dictionary _ cover is black.A.which B.its C.whose D.which of8.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D.
34、whose9.This is the museum _ we saw an exhibition the other day.A. that B. which C. where D. in that10.This museum is _ you visited the other day.A. that B. which C. where D. the one11.This is the museum _you saw the other day.A. that B. where C. in which D. in that 12.Matter(物质) is anything _A. that
35、 take up space and have weight B. which take up space and have weightC. that takes up space and has weight D. those take up space and have weight13.That is the office _Lincoln once worked in.A.where B. which C. what D. in which 14.The doctor_is going to Europe next year.A. which the manager is talki
36、ng to B. who the manager is talking C. the manager is talking to him D. the manager is talking to15.He is_everyone respects.A.the person B. the one which C. whom D. who16.When they met again, the two friends talked about lots of things and persons _we could remember in the school.A.who B.whom C.that
37、 D.which17.July 27,1989 is the day_I will never forget, when we had a wonderful time.A.on which B.when C.whom D.that18.Shanghai is the very place _ the foreigners are eager to visit.A. where B. in which C. that D. whose19.I have the same book _ you bought just now.A.which B. that C. as D. whose20._
38、has been announced，we shall have our final exams next month.A. That B. AsC. It D. WhatCorrectmistakes:1.Isawsometreesleavesofwhichwereyellow.2.Hereisthepenyoulostityesterday.3.Thegirltoldmethenewsisnotherenow.4.Thisisthevillagewheremyfatherworkedinthreeyearsago.5.Thebossinwhichcompanymyfatherworkedi
39、saverykindperson. the leaves who told“Chang “where into “which” omitted “in” whose5.The reason why he gave us sounded a little strange. 6.He is the only one of the students who know French.7.Ill never forget the day on which I spent with you.8.Which was planned, we met at the railway station.9.This is the teacher with whom weve learnt a lot.that/whichknowsAsfrom同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全
