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1、高三英语教师培训高三英语教师培训(词汇、写作专题)(词汇、写作专题)1基本词汇的复习和识记基本词汇的复习和识记2写写作作(书书面面表表达达)能能力力的的 培养培养一、基本词汇的复习和识记一、基本词汇的复习和识记(语音、单词、短语)(语音、单词、短语) 总体要求:总体要求:要想方设法增强对基础词汇记忆的准确程度和运用的熟练程度。在记忆单词时,力求结合句子,结合一定语境,逐步建立牢固的上下文情景意识。因为,单词的确切含义是由语境决定的,“辞典意义”只是参考。基础知识(词汇、语法)的复习重在“质”,而不在“量”。哪些单词是重要的单词?哪些单词是重要的单词?高考考试大纲规定的基本词汇 (熟练、准确、应
2、用)与学生学习、生活密切相关的词语与在大学继续学习密切相关的词语与人们日常生活密切相关的词语实词(名、动、形容词和副词),特别是动词;连接词。分散识记:根据单词特点和特征记忆复习和记忆单词的方法:复习和记忆单词的方法:集中识记:车轮战术词性特点(词性、词义转换)词组和特殊结构单词构成特点(构词法) 前缀、词根、后缀、合成词l构词法l1)合成法lblackboard,man-made,overthrow,however,leveryonel2)转换法lhand(n.)hand(v.),break(v.)break(n.)lempty(adj.)-empty(v.)l3)派生法l(1)加前缀:di
3、s-,in-,re-,un-,non-l(2)加后缀:-able,-al,-an,-ful,-ive,-er,-ese,l-st,-ment,-ness,-tion,-fy,-ian,l-ing,-is(z)e,-ly,-teen,-ty,-th,-y利用阅读语境猜测词义。如何对待阅读中出现的生词? 1)克服心理障碍,理性对待生词 2) 忽略、跳过“路障”;只理解能够理解的部分(认识单词) 3)猜测词义(已知未知) 语境,感情色彩、相似句式、 转折、对比、反义词等2008年全国卷(不含听力)“阅读理解”Bl The Queens English is now sounding less upp
4、er-class, a scientific study of the Queens Christmas broadcasts had found. Researchers have studied each of her messages to the Commonwealth countries since 1952 to find out the change in her pronunciation from the noble Upper Received to the Standard Received.(45)l Jonathan Harrington, a professor
5、at Germanys University of Munich, wanted to discover whether accent (口音) changes recorded over the past half century would take place within one person. “As far as I know, there just is nobody else for whom there is this sort of broadcast records,” he said. He said the noble way of pronouncing vowel
6、s (元音) had gradually lost ground as the noble upper-class accent over the past years. “Her accent sounds slightly less noble than it did 50 years ago. But these are very, very small and slow changes that we dont notice from year to year.” “We may be able to relate it to changes in the social classes
7、,” he told The Daily Telegraph, a British newspaper. “In 1952 she would have been hears saying thet men in the bleck het. Now it would be that man in the black hat. Similarly, she would have spoken of the citay and dutay, rather than citee and dutee, and hame rather than home. In the 1950s she would
8、 have been lorst, but by the 1970s lost.”(相同、相似句式)50 years ago (noble, upper-class)Now ( less noble, less upper-class)thet men in the bleck hetthat man in the black hatcitay and dutaycitee and dutee,hamehomelorstlost46. Which of the following is an example of a less noble accent in English?(细节) A. “
9、dutay” *B. “citee” C. “hame” D. “lorst” The Queens broadcast is a personal message to the Commonwealth countries. Each Christmas, the 10-minute broadcast is put on TV at 3 pm in Britain as many families are recovering from their traditional turkey lunch. (传统火鸡午餐).The results were published (发表) in t
10、he Journal of Phonetics.45. The Queens broadcasts were chosen for the study mainly because_. A. she has been Queen for many years B. she has a less upper-class accent now C. her speeches are familiar to many people *D. her speeches have been recorded for 50 years46. Which of the following is an exam
11、ple of a less noble accent in English?(细节) A. “dutay” *B. “citee” C. “hame” D. “lorst”47. We may infer from the text that the Journal of Phonetics is a magazine on _.(概括推测)*A. speech sounds B. Christmas customsC. TV broadcasting D. personal messages48. What is the text mainly about?A. The relationsh
12、ip between accents and social classes.B. The Queens Christmas speeches on TV. *C. The changes in a persons accent.D. The recent development of the English language.“英语写作能力”就是学生综合运用英语进行书面交际的一种能力。 英语“书面表达”包含两方面内容: 一是“书面”;二是“表达”。书面是指字母、单词、句子、段落及文章的书写规范(字母写法,占格位置,倾斜度 、大小比例,字间距等);“表达”是指文章语言表达的正确、得当和规范、内容
13、及结构的完整性。 二、写作(书面表达)能力的培养二、写作(书面表达)能力的培养如何培养学生英语写作能力如何培养学生英语写作能力 1. 1. 在教材单元教学中在教材单元教学中 2. 2. 结合高考结合高考“书面表达书面表达”题型题型 3. 3. 读写结合读写结合l【非课改非课改】 l 根据普通高等学校对新生文化素质的要求,参照教育部2000年颁布的全日制高级中学英语教学大纲(试验修订版)l写作l要求考生根据题示进行书面表达。考生应能:l(1)准确使用语法和词汇;l(2)使用一定的句型、词汇,清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。l【题型】l短文改错l书面表达 词数80-120 高高考考考考试试大大纲纲对对
14、高高中中生生英英语语写作能力的具体要求写作能力的具体要求 l【新课标新课标】l 按普通高中英语课程标准(实验)规定的八八级级要求命题。l写l 要求考生根据题示进行书面表达,例如根据所读文章进行转述或写摘要,根据文字或图表信息写短文或报告,根据提示叙述事情、表达观点和态度等。考生的表达应该:l 内容清楚、连贯; 结构完整; 逻辑性强; 主题突出; 用词及文体恰当。l【题型】书面表达l第一节第一节 阅读表达阅读表达,5个小题,每小题3分,共15分。l 要求 考生阅读所给的一篇短文(总阅读量不少于200词),并根据文章后的题目要求进行简答。l第二节第二节 写写 作作,满分30分。l 要求考生根据题目
15、的提示(包括情景、图画、图表、提纲等)和要求,用英语写一篇120150120150个单词的短文。“单元话题”写作训练要点l围绕单元话题,用Writing或speaking等部分内容作素材。l尽量在文章中使用本单元所学语言知识(词组、句子等稍作改写),选择语言表达方式的原则是“学以致用”。l书写规范、语法正确、语言通顺、内容完整。1.指导学生写作方法2.提出具体写作要求(尽可能具有可操作性)3.教师(或学生)口头示范(开头、中间、结尾等) 4.学生构思、列出提纲或要点、分别组织句子,形成初稿(草稿)。5.展示学生写作的成果(多媒体、黑板书写)。教师和学生一起讨论文章优缺点,一起修改,直到句子语法
16、正确,上下文连接自然通顺,文章中心突出。6.定稿:学生利用剩余时间,改正自己文中错误,通过“变通”,避开自己不熟悉的表达方式,使文章符合基本要求,又具有个性特点。训练步骤l【示例示例1】高二英语(上)高二英语(上)(Page 48)lUnit6LifeinthefuturelWritinglImaginethatyouhavecomebackfromatriptothefuture.Youvisitedtheyear4367andsawawonderfulinventioncalledaMogray.WriteaparagraphinwhichyouexplainwhataMograyis.l
17、Step1:WorkwithyourpartneranddecidewhataMograyis.Youknowthatitisathingoramachine,butyouhavetothinkofwhatitlookslike,howitworksandwhatitcanbeusedfor.lStep 2: Complete the chart below and use it to write yourparagraph.Whatdoesitlooklike?Howdoesitwork?Whatcanitbeusedforlllllllll1、审题:、审题: 要求写一篇简单的说明文,介绍一
18、 种名为Mogray的机器,教师介绍说明文的特点(分层次、方面介绍事物的特点)及一般的写作方法。2、帮助学生列出提纲和要点、帮助学生列出提纲和要点 (四个方面、部分、段落)What is a Mogray? (基本概念)What does it look like?(外形)How does it work? (工作原理)What can it be used for? (主要用途)3.3.提出具体要求:提出具体要求: 包含内容要点(四个方面);字数100左右4.4.教师口头示范:教师口头示范: Ive just returned from a trip to the year of 4357
19、by means of Time Machine, where I saw a wonderful machine called Mogray. I first took it for a man. But then it turned out to be a robot with human intelligence. When I came out of the Time Machine at the airport. Mogray met me and led me to a hotel. Mogray looked like a man. The sunshine provided s
20、olar energy for Mogray and many robots like Mogray served in the hotel. It seems that there were more Mograys than human being.5. 5. 学学生生构构思思、列列出出提提纲纲或或要要点点、分分别别组组织织句句 子,形成初稿(草稿)。子,形成初稿(草稿)。(10分钟左右)(每个要点约3个句子)6. 随即把1-2个同学的习作展示习作展示出来 (多媒体实物投影、黑板),讨论,修改,指出优点、不足,改进意见,学生遇到的表达困难、语言知识存在的问题等。7. 学学生生再再次次修修改
21、改,成成稿稿,要求“书写规范、语法正确、语言通顺、内容完整”。lUnit9SavingtheearthlWriteaparagraphtotellthereaderwhatyouthinkthemost serious environmental problem is. Explain whyyou thinktheproblemis serious, andwhatyou thinkshouldbedonetosolveit.lWriteasentencegivingyouropinion,forexample,“Ithink that _ is the most serious envir
22、onmentalproblem because _.” List as many reasons aspossible and then use the sentence to organize yourparagraph.【示例2】高二英语(上)(Page 71)321Thefollowingwordsandphrasesmayhelpyou.lManyproductsare bad fortheenvironment.lIt is wrong tobuyproductsthatareharmfultotheenvironment.lTothinkthatthereisnothingweca
23、ndoisincorrect.lWhatwedoisimportant becauseit affectstheenvironment.lIsuggest thatwedosomethingabouttheseproblems.lIwouldadvise people not tobuyproductsthatharmtheenvironment.lIrecommend thatallofusthinkaboutwhatwedoandwhatwebuy.l【写作特点写作特点】议论文议论文l【一般方法一般方法】论点、论据、论证过程论点、论据、论证过程l【提纲、要点提纲、要点】Whatisthep
24、roblem?Why?Measures(steps)l示 范 : I think that air pollution is the most seriousenvironmental problem. With the rapid development ofindustry,moreandmorewasteandevenpoisonousgassesarebeingsentintotheairbysomefactories.Theairinmyareusedtobeverycleanandtheskylookedblue.Wecouldseethemountainsinthedistanc
25、eatsunset.Butnowmostofthetime, the sky looks foggy and cloudy. More people aresufferingcoughscausedbythepollutedair.SoIrecommendthatmeasuresbetakenassoonaspossiblebyallofustopreventthematterfromgettingworsebeforeitistoolate.Wecanmakeabigdifferenceifeveryoneofusdoeshisbest.Weneedaction!(126)2. 结合高考结合
26、高考“书面表达书面表达”题型,题型,训练学生英语写作能力训练学生英语写作能力书面表达书面表达题目特点:题目特点: 考生应能:(1)准确使用语法和词汇;(2)使用一定的句型、词汇,清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。密切结合学生实际,适合学生水平,给学生一定的自由发挥空间;要求学生灵活使用学过的英语表达方式。l命题方式: 文字提纲 图表意(多) 表格l文体:记叙文说明文、议论(应用)l格式:书信l内容:学生集体或个人活动,贴近学生实际 生活。内容完整内容完整语法正确语法正确书写规范书写规范写作教学总体要求指导“书面表达”的审题和解题方法及解题步骤。重点在“学以致用” ,关键在坚持“实践”。强调学生必须动
27、手实践,注重基本功训练(书写、书面)。 要求学生将写出的东西,主动找老师当面批改,征求老师意见,并根据意见,重写,以求改进。对于典型或共性问题,老师应给全班示范并讲解,并作针对性训练。学生解题建议l1.认真审题(视图),明确写作目的和文体要求。l2. 理清内容要点,确定写作顺序。l3.依据要点,写出提纲。l4. 选择熟悉句型和用语组织(10-12个)句子,表达意思为准,切忌直译,完成草稿 。l5.校对细节,检查语句和措辞,在草稿纸上完成所有改动。l6.将定稿誊写到在试卷上,不再作任何改动。l写作过程:写作过程:l构思(题目)提纲(文章结构)草稿(100-120词)改错(校正)定稿(誊写)对策提示对策提示 :要求学生要养成借用所学句子表达自己意思(思想)的习惯,学以致用地写出的英语,才是高级的语言表达形式,不要自己生造汉语式的英语,这样学生使用的英语才更地道,文章才会增色和出彩,才能提高“书面表达”的得分档次,成绩才能提高。3.引导学生利用课余时间,引导学生利用课余时间,“读读写结合写结合”,自主培养英语阅读,自主培养英语阅读理解和写作能力理解和写作能力lThank you!