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1、语态：表示语态：表示主语主语和和谓语动词谓语动词之间的关系。之间的关系。英语有英语有两种语态两种语态，即，即主动语态主动语态和和被动语态被动语态。 主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。如：如：Many students study English.(主动语态主动语态) English is studied by many students. (被动语态被动语态)语态语态 be动词动词有人称、数的变化有人称、数的变化如：如：The desk is made of wood. The desks a
2、re made of wood.He is asked a question by the teacher.被动语态的结构被动语态的结构be动词动词+及物动词及物动词的过去分词的过去分词不同的时态有不同的被动语态结构不同的时态有不同的被动语态结构1.1.一般现在时的被动语态结构：一般现在时的被动语态结构：by many students.1.Many students study English.English is studied2.They make shoes in that factory.Shoes are madeby themin that factory.1.把主动语态的把主动
3、语态的宾语宾语变为被动语态的变为被动语态的主语主语。2.把主动语态的把主动语态的谓语谓语变为被动语态的变为被动语态的谓语谓语。3.把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的by 短语。（短语。（ by短语可以省。短语可以省。 by短语短语 后跟代词的宾格。）后跟代词的宾格。）by the teacher.3.The teacher often asks him questions.Heis asked questions1. 找宾语找宾语 -即动作的承受者即动作的承受者They make shoes in that factory. Shoes2. 判断宾语的单复数判断宾语的
4、单复数 -即即be动词的单复数动词的单复数.are made3. 判断动词的时态判断动词的时态 -即即be动词的时态动词的时态.4. 修改谓语的形式修改谓语的形式 -即原句动词改为过去分词即原句动词改为过去分词 5. 修改原句的主语修改原句的主语 -即即by+ 宾语（原主语）宾语（原主语）. by them.主变被解题步骤主变被解题步骤主变宾主变宾, ,宾变主宾变主, , 谓动谓动be done be done 时不变时不变, ,人称、数、格随着变人称、数、格随着变They play football on Sunday.Lucy does the homework in the evenin
5、g.They often use computers in class.We make these machines in Beijing.Football is played by them on Sunday.The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Computers are often used by them in class.These machines are made in Beijing.Practice肯定句肯定句：主语：主语be + 过去分词过去分词(by )否定句否定句：主语：主语be not 过去分词过去分词(by )一般
6、疑问句一般疑问句：Be 主语过去分词主语过去分词(by )? 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句： 疑问词疑问词be主语过去分词主语过去分词 (by ) by many students.English is studiedby many students.English is not studied句式句式Is English studied by many students?Who is English studied by?The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Computers are often used by them in class.Thes
7、e machines are made in Beijing.Football is played by them on Sunday. Practice 1. They bought ten computers last term by them last term.2.2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：一般过去时的被动语态结构：was/were +过去分词过去分词last year.2.We planted many trees last year.Many trees were plantedTen computerswere boughtThey built the tall buildi
8、ng last year.He took good care of his little brother yesterday.We cleaned our classroom just now.They used this room for resting.The tall building was built by them last year.His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.This room was used for re
9、sting by them.3.3.一般将来时的被动语态结构：一般将来时的被动语态结构：will be+过去分词过去分词1.They will finish the work in ten days.by them in ten days.The work will be finished2.Tom will clean the room tomorrow.The room will be cleaned by Tom tomorrow.We will have a sports meeting next week.Children will take some photos in the s
10、choolyard tomorrow.The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon.A sports meeting will be had by us next week.Some photos will be taken by children in the school tomorrow.A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.4.4.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：含有情态动词的被动语态结构：can/may/must/should + be+过去分词过去分词1.Amy can
11、 take good care of Gina by Amy.Ginacan be taken good care of2.You should drink more water.More water should be drunkby you.1.He can take care of the baby.2.Lucy may draw the pictures.3.You must turn off the lights.4.They should learn English well. The baby can be taken care of by him.The picture may
12、 be drawn by Lucy.The lights must be turned off by you.English should be learned well by them.5.5.现在进行时的被动语态的结构现在进行时的被动语态的结构is / am / are + being 过去分词过去分词1.Some workers are painting the rooms nowby some workers now.The rooms are being painted2.He is watching TV.TVis being watched by him.6.6.现在完成时的被动
13、语态的结构现在完成时的被动语态的结构have / has been 过去分词过去分词1.We have made twenty more keysby us.Twenty more keys have been made2.We have finished our compositions.Our compositions have been finished by us.表格：被动态基本结构时态时态被动语态结构被动语态结构一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时am/is/
14、are donewas/were doneam/is/are being donewas/were being doneshall/will/be going to be donewould be donehave/has been donehad been doneSuch books are written for children. Such books are written for children. 这些书是为儿童写的。这些书是为儿童写的。这些书是为儿童写的。这些书是为儿童写的。I havent been told about it . I havent been told abo
15、ut it . 没有人告诉我这件事没有人告诉我这件事没有人告诉我这件事没有人告诉我这件事被动语态的用法被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁.Its / was said / believed / reported / + that Its reported that about three hundred people were killed in this earthquake. 据报道，这次地震中大约有三百人死亡。据报道，这次地震中大约有三百人死亡。 （2）强调动作的承受者，这时应用）强调动作的承受者，这时应用by短语。短语。The
16、 cup was broken by David.（3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型.如：如：如：如：1.He gave 1.He gave meme a book. a book. I I was given a book by him. was given a book by him. （以（以（以（以I I做主语）做主语）做主语）做主语） A bookA book was given to me by Tom. was given to me by Tom. （以物（以物（以物（以物bookbook作主语）作主语）作主语）作主语） 2.He
17、teaches 2.He teaches usus EnglishEnglish. . WeWe are taught English by him. are taught English by him. （以人当主语）（以人当主语）（以人当主语）（以人当主语） EnglishEnglish is taught to us by him. is taught to us by him. （以物作主语）（以物作主语）（以物作主语）（以物作主语）被动语态的几种类型被动语态的几种类型1. 1.带双宾语句子的被动语态带双宾语句子的被动语态. .（指物的宾语叫直接宾语，（指物的宾语叫直接宾语， 指人的宾
18、语叫间接宾语）指人的宾语叫间接宾语）常见的接双宾语的动词有常见的接双宾语的动词有常见的接双宾语的动词有常见的接双宾语的动词有: : to: pass, give, teach, show, bring, hand to: pass, give, teach, show, bring, hand for: make, buy, draw, sing, get, for: make, buy, draw, sing, get,以以以以“ “人人人人” ”当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；以以以以“ “物物
19、物物” ”当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加toto或或或或for.for.keep, make 三类的动词常常有宾语补足三类的动词常常有宾语补足 语，语，在被动语态中，宾语补足语位置不变。在被动语态中，宾语补足语位置不变。 We keep food fresh in the fridge. 主主 谓谓 宾宾 宾补宾补 Food is kept fresh in the fridge. I saw him go into the office building. He was seen to
20、go into the office building. 2.含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态 不及物动词没有宾语，因此没有被动语态。不及物动词没有宾语，因此没有被动语态。但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动词之后，其作用相当于及物词类构成短语动词之后，其作用相当于及物动词，可以接宾语，因而也可以变为被动语动词，可以接宾语，因而也可以变为被动语态。在变成被动语态时，不能去掉构成短语态。在变成被动语态时，不能去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词动词的介词或副词.They take good care of my child
21、. My child is taken good care of .I turned off the radio. The radio was turned off (by me) 3.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态含有短语的主动语态变被动语态下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式，不需再加形式，不需再加by be covered with 用用覆盖着覆盖着 be interested in 对对感兴趣感兴趣 be surprised at 对对感到惊奇感到惊奇 be made of （from）用）用制造的制造的动词短语的被动语态动词短语的被动语态 take care
22、 of be taken care of cut down be cut down laugh at be laughed at look afterbe looked after即即feel , hear , listen , have , make , let , look , watch , see , notice ，这些词在主动，这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不定式不加句中，其后的动词不定式不加to，但变被，但变被动句时必须加动句时必须加to. 1.I saw him play basketball last Sunday.He was seen to play basketball
23、last Sunday.2.We heard them sing in the classroom.They was heard to sing in the classroom.4.4.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态感官动词和使役动词的被动语态（1）当主动结构中的宾语是反身代词和相互代词）当主动结构中的宾语是反身代词和相互代词 时，不能改为被动语态。时，不能改为被动语态。 We often help each other. 我们常常互相帮助。我们常常互相帮助。 （2）当谓语是表状态的及物动词时（如）当谓语是表状态的及物动词时（如have , like , take place , belong
24、 to ） 如：如： I like these flowers. 我喜欢这些花。我喜欢这些花。 I will have a meeting. 不说不说A meeting will be had. 应说应说A meeting will be held . 5.5.不能用于被动语态的几种情况不能用于被动语态的几种情况填空（完成被动语态填空）填空（完成被动语态填空） 1. They often clean their classroom after school . （改为被动语态）（改为被动语态） Their classroom _ often _ by them after school. 2.
25、 Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week . （同上）（同上） A new pen _ _ _ Tom last week . iscleanedwas given byPractice3. A lot of people in China can speak English now . （同上）（同上） English _ _ _ by a lot of people in China now. 4. I have learned English for about two years. （同上）（同上） English _ _ _ for about two
26、 years. 5. They will publish these story-books next month. （同上）（同上） These story-books _ _ _ next month. can be spokenhas been learnedwill be published6. Another man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week (济南市中考题）济南市中考题） another man-made satellite into space last week.变主动语态变主动语态7.Peo
27、ple there planted many trees last year. Trees _ _ by people there last year. (青岛市中考题）青岛市中考题）8. They grow vegetables on the farm. The vegetables _ _on the farm（上（上海市中考题）海市中考题）They sent upwere planted are grown中考题中考题1. In some countries , tea _ with milk and sugar. 1. In some countries , tea _ with mi
28、lk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served C. serves D. served 2. Great changes _ in my hometown since 1980. 2. Great changes _ in my hometown since 1980. A. have been taken place B. took place A. have been taken place B. took place C. have taken place D.
29、 were taken place C. have taken place D. were taken place3. The new type of car is going to _ in three years. 3. The new type of car is going to _ in three years. A. turn out B. be turned out A. turn out B. be turned out C. has turned out D. have been turned out C. has turned out D. have been turned
30、 out4. The woman murdered her friend and _ to _. 4. The woman murdered her friend and _ to _. A. was sentenced , death B. sentencing , die A. was sentenced , death B. sentencing , die C. sentenced , death D. sentenced , die C. sentenced , death D. sentenced , die被动语态专项练习：选择填空被动语态专项练习：选择填空5. 5. Do yo
31、u like the skirt ? Do you like the skirt ? It _ soft. It _ soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt6. Are you still here ? You were here an hour ago . 6. Are you still here ? You were here an hour ago . Who _ for ? Who _ for ? A. are you waiting B. di
32、d you wait A. are you waiting B. did you wait C. were you waiting D. do you wait C. were you waiting D. do you wait 7. _ to know Professor Zhang. 7. _ to know Professor Zhang. A. He said B. I said A. He said B. I said C. He is said D. It says C. He is said D. It says 8. 8. I want to sit at the table
33、 near the window. I want to sit at the table near the window. Sorry , _ already. Sorry , _ already. A. it took B. it takes A. it took B. it takes C. it is taking D. it has been taken C. it is taking D. it has been taken9. The letter _ three days ago and it_ yesterday. 9. The letter _ three days ago
34、and it_ yesterday. A. had post , had arrived B. was posted , arrived A. had post , had arrived B. was posted , arrived C. posted , arrived D. had been posted , was arrived C. posted , arrived D. had been posted , was arrived10. He told me that the final examination _ next 10. He told me that the fin
35、al examination _ next Thursday. Thursday. A. is given B. will be given A. is given B. will be given C. would have given D. would be given C. would have given D. would be given11. Water _ into ice. 11. Water _ into ice. A. will changed B. must be changed A. will changed B. must be changed C. should c
36、hange D. can be changed C. should change D. can be changed 12. Plays _ twice a month in that theatre. 12. Plays _ twice a month in that theatre. A. put on B. are put on A. put on B. are put on C. was put on D. often put on C. was put on D. often put on 13. The birds _ fly away last Saturday. 13. The
37、 birds _ fly away last Saturday. A. let to B. is let to C. was let D. were let to A. let to B. is let to C. was let D. were let to 14. A strange sound _ yesterday evening. 14. A strange sound _ yesterday evening. A. was heard B. hears C. heard D. is heard A. was heard B. hears C. heard D. is heard 1
38、5. A beautiful bike _ him by his classmates. 15. A beautiful bike _ him by his classmates. A. sent to B. will sent to A. sent to B. will sent to C. was sent to D. will be sent for C. was sent to D. will be sent for 16. Miss Chen _ just _ to speak at the meeting. 16. Miss Chen _ just _ to speak at th
39、e meeting. A. has been asked B. has been asked A. has been asked B. has been asked C. Have been asked D. have been asked C. Have been asked D. have been asked17. Meat _ out in this shop . We can _ now. 17. Meat _ out in this shop . We can _ now. A. have been sold , get nothing A. have been sold , ge
40、t nothing B. has been sold , get nothing B. has been sold , get nothing C. has been sold , get some C. has been sold , get some D. have been sold , get some D. have been sold , get some18. The new play _ in theatre now . Why dont you 18. The new play _ in theatre now . Why dont you go in and see it
41、? go in and see it ? A. is being shown B. is showing A. is being shown B. is showing C. is shown D. shows C. is shown D. shows19. Can you tell _ ? 19. Can you tell _ ? A. when did it happen B. when was it happened A. when did it happen B. when was it happened C. when it happened D. when it was happe
42、ned C. when it happened D. when it was happened 20. _ the job _ by Lucy or by John ? 20. _ the job _ by Lucy or by John ? Tell me the truth , please. Tell me the truth , please. A. Has finished A. Has finished B. Has being finished B. Has being finished C. Is finish C. Is finish D. Has been finished
43、 D. Has been finished 1.Our school _in 2002.(开办)2.The young trees must_ _ _ well. (照顾)3. _ this building_(建成)last year?4.The book _ _(写)by him last year.5. The bridge _ _(不建造)in1989.6.The 29th Olympic Games will_ _ (举行) in UK in 2012.was openedbe looked afterWas built was writtenwasnt builtbe held完成
44、下列句子：完成下列句子：用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空 1. When _ the first man-made satellite _ 1. When _ the first man-made satellite _ （sendsend）up into space ? up into space ? 2. Last year vegetables _ (grow 2. Last year vegetables _ (grow）in the garden by in the garden by Tom a
45、nd he _ (sellTom and he _ (sell）them himself. them himself. 3. She _ 3. She _ （helphelp）him with his homework tomorrow him with his homework tomorrow evening. evening. 4. How many magazines _4. How many magazines _（ can borrowcan borrow）in your in your library every week ? library every week ? 5. John _5. John _（hearhear）to go upstairs two hours ago. to go upstairs two hours ago. 6. 6. Who _ Who _ （savesave）her father ? her father ? He _ He _ （savesave）by that policeman. by that policeman.
