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1、话题 Which English？(英英语种种种种)语法法 Review of adverbials & adverbial clauses(复复习状状语和状和状语从句从句)重点重点词汇及拓及拓展展1.instantly adv.立即，立即，马上上2.matter v重要，要重要，要紧；有关系；有关系3.count v很重要；很有价很重要；很有价值4.unique adj.独一无二的；独特的独一无二的；独特的5.splendid adj.极好的；极好的；优秀的秀的6.relevant adj.有关的；切有关的；切题的的7.convey v传达，达，传递8.clarify v弄明白；澄清弄明白；
2、澄清9.vague adj.不明确的；含糊的不明确的；含糊的10.select v挑挑选，选择11.withdraw v收回；撤收回；撤销(说过的的话)12.potential adj.潜在的；可能的潜在的；可能的13.overcome v征服；征服；战胜14.oppose v反反对15.superior adj.更好的；更更好的；更强强的的16.classif y v将将分分类plain_ v抱怨抱怨complaintn.埋怨；埋怨；抱怨抱怨18. significance n意意义；含；含义sig_nificant adj.有重大意有重大意义的的19.approval n赞许；赞成成app
3、rovev.赞成，同意成，同意20.reject v拒拒绝接受接受rejection n拒拒绝refuse/decline(同同义词)n.拒拒绝，婉拒，婉拒21.convinced adj.确信的，信服的确信的，信服的convince v信服，确信信服，确信22.tendency n趋向，向，倾向向tend v趋向向重点重点短短语1.tell.apart区分开区分开2.as long as只要只要3.lie in在于在于4.in conclusion总之之5.get down to sth.开始做某开始做某事事6.let sb.down让某人失望某人失望7.in particular特特别，尤
4、其，尤其8.trade with与与做生意做生意9.regard as看作，看作，认为10.or rather更精确地更精确地说11.in case以防万一以防万一12.be_relevant_to与与相相关关13.date_from回溯到回溯到14.agree_on对达成共达成共识重点重点句型句型1.Not all idioms have been common for many years.并不并不是所有的是所有的习语多年都常多年都常见。2.English has a huge number of colourful and splendid expressions which may b
5、e difficult to understand.英英语中有大量丰富的、极好的、也可能很中有大量丰富的、极好的、也可能很难懂的短懂的短语。1debate n讨讨论论，争争论论，辩辩论论 vi.&vt.辩辩论论，讨讨论论，争争论论归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)debate about/on/over sth.with sb.与某人争论与某人争论debate sth. with sb.与某人讨论某事与某人讨论某事debate whether/what/how etc. to do sth.讨论讨论(2)hold a debate举行辩论会举行辩论会beyond debate无可争辩无可争辩under d
6、ebate在辩论中在辩论中例例句句：We must debate the question with the rest of the members.我我们必必须和其他委和其他委员讨论这个个问题。The two sides debated fiercely whether to raise the price of school meals.双方就是否提高学校用餐价格双方就是否提高学校用餐价格进行了激烈的行了激烈的辩论。The proposal is under debate.那个提那个提议还在在讨论当中。当中。同类辨析同类辨析debate，argue与与discuss(1)debate辩论的
7、目的在于说服对方。辩论的目的在于说服对方。(2)argue指条理清晰地陈述赞成或反对的理由。指条理清晰地陈述赞成或反对的理由。(3)discuss从不同的观点出发与某人讨论某事。从不同的观点出发与某人讨论某事。【链接训练链接训练】这是关于如何惩治罪犯的争论。这是关于如何惩治罪犯的争论。(翻译句子翻译句子)This_is_a_debate_about_the_punishment_for_criminals.2clarify vt.澄清，讲清楚，阐明；澄清，讲清楚，阐明；(加热加热)净化净化归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)clarify matters澄清真相澄清真相clarify ones remark
8、s把话说清楚把话说清楚clarify ones stand/position阐明某人的立场阐明某人的立场(2)clarification n澄清澄清clarity n清澈，透明清澈，透明例句：例句：He clarified his stand on the issue.他澄清了他在该问题上的立场。他澄清了他在该问题上的立场。My mind was clarified on this issue.对这个问题我的头脑变得清楚了。对这个问题我的头脑变得清楚了。She asked him to clarify what he meant.她要他说清楚他是什么意思。她要他说清楚他是什么意思。【链接训练链
9、接训练】Chinese government_on the matters to Taiwan.Aclarify it stand Bclarifies its standCclarify its stand Dclarifies it stand【解解析析】句句意意为为：中中国国政政府府针针对对台台湾湾问问题题阐阐明明了了自自己己的的立立场场。故故应应用用短短语语clarify ones stand“阐阐明明某某人人的的立立场场”，谓谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。语动词用第三人称单数形式。【答案答案】B3complain vi.抱怨；不满；发牢骚抱怨；不满；发牢骚归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)comp
10、lain (to sb.)about/of.(向某人向某人)抱怨抱怨complain (to sb.)thatclause(向某人向某人)抱怨抱怨complain to sb.向某人申诉；诉说向某人申诉；诉说病痛病痛(2)complaint n抱怨；申诉；投诉抱怨；申诉；投诉make a complaint about/of/of/against抱怨；投诉抱怨；投诉a letter of complaint一封投诉信一封投诉信(3)cant complain 口口 还还算算好好(总总体体上上还还是是满满意意的的，虽虽然然有有些不如意些不如意)例例句句：She often complains t
11、o her boss about/of her low pay.She often complains to her boss that she gets paid too little.She often complains to to her boss about/of getting paid too little.她她经常向她老板抱怨常向她老板抱怨说她的她的报酬太低。酬太低。Why dont you make a complaint against your noisy neighbour？你？你为什么不投什么不投诉那位喧那位喧闹的的邻居呢？居呢？ 【链接训练链接训练】句型转换句型转换
12、Some Iraqi common people complained of being robbed and beaten often by American soldiers in Iraq. Some Iraqi common people complained that_they_were_robbed_beaten often by American soldiers in Iraq.句句意意为为：一一些些伊伊拉拉克克平平民民控控诉诉说说他他们们经经常常遭遭到到驻驻伊伊美美军军的抢劫和殴打。的抢劫和殴打。4approval n批准；认可；赞成；同意批准；认可；赞成；同意归纳拓展归纳拓
13、展(1)general approval一致同意一致同意with approval of经经的批准的批准in approval同意地，支持地同意地，支持地give (ones) approval给予批准给予批准meet with ones approval得得到到某某人人的的赞赞许许，得得到到某某人人的的认可认可(2)approve v批准，批准，赞成成approve of sb./sth./sth.赞成某人成某人/ /事事例例 句句 ： She desperately wanted to win her fathers approval.她急不可待地想她急不可待地想赢得她父得她父亲的的赞同。
14、同。I cant agree to anything without my partners approval.没有合伙人的没有合伙人的认可我什么也不能答可我什么也不能答应。He doesnt approve of me leaving school this year.他不同意我今年离校。他不同意我今年离校。【链接训练链接训练】The mayor has_the new building plan and the construction of the new Broadcasting Center will begin in a few days.Aappreciated Bapproac
15、hedCappointed Dapproved【解解析析】句句意意为为：市市长长批批准准了了新新的的建建造造计计划划，建建造造新新的的广广播播中中心心的的工工程程几几天天之之内内就就开开工工。approve“批批准准，赞赞成成”，符符合合题题意意。appreciate“感感激激”；approach“接接近近”；appoint“任任命；委派；指定命；委派；指定”。【答案答案】D例句：例句：I am convinced of his innocence.I am convinced that he was innocent.我相信他是无辜的。我相信他是无辜的。What she said convi
16、nced me that I was mistaken.她的一番她的一番话使我使我认识到我到我错了。了。What convinced you to vote for them?究竟是什么使得你愿意投他究竟是什么使得你愿意投他们的票呢？的票呢？【链接训练链接训练】The couple tried every effort to _ the judges，who tried the case of their innocence， resulting in the contrary.Aprove Bcharge Cconvince Dconfirm【解解析析】句句意意为为：那那对对夫夫妇妇尽尽力力
17、使使审审讯讯那那宗宗案案件件的的法法官官相相信信他他们们是是清清白白的的，但但结结果果正正相相反反。prove“证证明明”；charge sb. with.“指指控控某某人人”；convince sb. of sth.“使使某某人人相相信信”；confirm sth.“证证实实”。由由句句意意及及convince sb. of sth.的搭配可知正确答案为的搭配可知正确答案为C。【答案答案】C_that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis, people are optimistic about the future
18、 of the country.AConvincing BConvincedCTo convince DHaving convinced【解解析析】考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词的的用用法法。句句子子的的逻逻辑辑主主语语是是people与与convince之之间间是是主主动动关关系系，故故用用v.ing形形式式，排排除除B项项；C项项动动词词不不定定式式置置于于句句首首，一一般般作作目目的的状状语语，与与题题意意不不符符，故故排排除除；convince这这一一动动作作与与主主句句谓谓语语动动作作同同时时发发生生，故故排排除除D项项完完成成时时。选选A。句句意意为为：人人们们确确信信政政府府能能带
19、带领领他他们们走走出出经经济济危机，他们对国家的未来很乐观。危机，他们对国家的未来很乐观。【答案答案】A6oppose vt.反抗，反对反抗，反对归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)oppose (doing) sth.反对干某事反对干某事be opposed to (doing) sth.反对干某事反对干某事(2)opposition n反对，对立反对，对立meet with opposition遭到反对遭到反对in opposition to sb. on sth.在某事上与某人意见相反在某事上与某人意见相反注注意意：be opposed to中中的的to是是介介词词，不不是是不不定定式式符符号号，后后
20、加加名名词词/代代词词或或v.ing形形式式，不不加加to do，其其同同义义词词组组是是be against和和object to。例句：例句：Most people are opposed to war and for peace.大多数人反大多数人反对战争，支持和平。争，支持和平。The President opposes giving military aid to this country.总统反反对向向该国提供国提供军事援助。事援助。【链接训练链接训练】翻翻译句子句子我我们强强烈反烈反对种族歧种族歧视。We_are_bitterly_opposed_to_the_racial_di
21、scrimination.1tell.apart把把区分开区分开归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)tell A and B apart tell A from B tell the difference(s) between A and B 把把A与与B区区分分开开 tellthat./wh辨别，识别辨别，识别(2)tell sb. about/of sth.告诉某人有关某事告诉某人有关某事tell a lie/lies撒谎撒谎to tell the truth说实话说实话例例句句：It is also quite easy to tell British and American English apa
22、rt.要将英国英语和美国英语分辨开来也很容易。要将英国英语和美国英语分辨开来也很容易。I cant tell whether it is him or not.我认不清是不是他。我认不清是不是他。It is very important for us to tell true friends from false ones in society.在社会上辨别出真假朋友对我们来说是非常重要的。在社会上辨别出真假朋友对我们来说是非常重要的。 【链接训练链接训练】The twins are so much alike that their own mother can hardly _.Atell
23、them apart Btell apart themCsay them apart Dsay apart them【解解析析】tell apart是是动动词词短短语语(v.adv.)，代代词词常常常常放放在在tell和和apart之间，故选之间，故选A。【答案答案】A2let sb./sth.down使使某某人人失失望望，辜辜负负；(使使)略略逊逊一一筹筹，美中不足美中不足归纳拓展归纳拓展let alone更不必说更不必说let off宽恕；开宽恕；开(枪枪)，放，放(炮、烟火等炮、烟火等)；让；让下车下车let out放走，释放；泄露，放出；放宽，放大放走，释放；泄露，放出；放宽，放大(衣
24、服衣服)let go放开，松手放开，松手let sb./sth. in/sth. in/into让让进来，放进来，放进来进来注意：注意：let.alonelet.be/leave.alone不干涉；对不干涉；对置置之不理；而之不理；而let alone是是“更不必说更不必说”，需作插入语。，需作插入语。 例句：例句：This machine wont let you down.你尽管放心，你尽管放心，这台机器不会出毛病。台机器不会出毛病。She speaks French very fluently，but her pronunciation lets her down.她法她法语讲得很流利，
25、但美中不足的是得很流利，但美中不足的是发音不太好。音不太好。There isnt enough room for us，let alone any guests.连我我们都没有足都没有足够的空的空间，更不用，更不用说客人了。客人了。【链接训练链接训练】If you dont bring a present to Lucy， you may _.Thank you for reminding me. Surely Ill buy her one this evening.Aleave her along Blet her downChold her back Dcheer her up【解解析析
26、】句句意意为为：如如果果你你不不给给露露西西带带生生日日礼礼物物，你你可可能能会会使使她她失失望望的的。谢谢谢谢你你提提醒醒我我。我我今今晚晚肯肯定定就就去去给给她她买买一一件件生生日日礼礼物物。leave sb.alone“不不理理会会某某人人”；let sb.down“使使某某人人失失望望”；hold sb.back“阻阻止止某某人人”；cheer sb.up“使使某某人人振作起来振作起来”。由句意可知答案为。由句意可知答案为B项。项。【答案答案】B3be relevant to.与与有关有关归纳拓展拓展(2)relevance n. 关联关联relevantly adv.相关联地相关联地
27、例例 句句 ： Do you have any relevant experience in advertising?你有广告行你有广告行业的相关的相关经验吗？What they are discussing is not relevant to the present question.他他们所所讨论的事情与目前的的事情与目前的问题无关。无关。【链接训练链接训练】完成句子完成句子The judge ruled that the evidence wasnt_relevant_to/had/had_ _nono_ _relevancerelevance_ _to/to/wasnt_relate
28、d_to/wa/was snt_ _connectedconnected_ _with/with/had_nothing_to_do_with(与与无关无关)the case.Not all idioms have been common for many years.并非所有的习语很多年都常见。并非所有的习语很多年都常见。not all.意意为为“并并非非所所有有的的都都”，是是部部分分否否定定。not的的位置比较灵活，可置于句首，也可放在句中。位置比较灵活，可置于句首，也可放在句中。例句：例句：Not all the people present agreed with you.All t
29、he people present didnt agree with you.不是所有在不是所有在场的人都的人都赞成你成你(的看法的看法)。归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)与与not连用构成部分否定的词有：连用构成部分否定的词有：all，everyone，everywhere，both，everybody，always，every，everything，altogether(全体全体)，entirely(全部地全部地)，wholly(全部地全部地)(2)表表示示全全部部否否定定的的词词有有：none，nobody，no one，neither，never，nothing，nowhere等。等。例句：例句
30、：None of the people present agreed with you.所有在场的人都不赞成你。所有在场的人都不赞成你。Both of Tom and Jack are not fond of op music.Not both of Tom and Jack are fond of pop music.汤姆和杰克二人不全喜欢流行音乐。汤姆和杰克二人不全喜欢流行音乐。Tom and Jack are not fond of pop music.汤姆和杰克都不喜欢流行音乐。汤姆和杰克都不喜欢流行音乐。【链接训练链接训练】I havent read _ of his books，b
31、ut judging from others comments，I think hes a very promising writer.Aany Bnone Cboth Deither【解解析析】any与与not连连用用表表全全部部否否定定；not与与none of连连用用，双双重重否否定定表表肯肯定定；not与与both和和either连连用用表表部部分分否否定定，根根据据题题意，选意，选A。【答案答案】AThe boys and girls had walked for hours.They _ got very tired，but _ of them would stop to take
32、 a rest.Aall；neither Bboth；none Call；none Dboth；everyone【解解析析】both只只能能用用于于两两者者之之间间，此此题题中中是是说说the boys and the girls，故故用用all，作作they的的同同位位语语；空空二二考考查查全全部部否否定定，故用故用none。【答案答案】C复习状语和状语从句复习状语和状语从句1状语状语定定义：修修饰动词、形形容容词、副副词或或整整个个句句子子，说明明动作作或状或状态特征的句子成分。特征的句子成分。位位置置：修修饰形形容容词或或副副词的的状状语一一般般放放在在被被修修饰词的的前前面面；修修饰动
33、词的的状状语一一般般放放在在被被修修饰词的的后后面面。特特殊殊情情况况除除外。外。(1)状状语的表的表现形式形式副副词及副及副词短短语例句：例句：Light travels fast.光光传播得很快。播得很快。介介词短短语例句：例句：We have lived in this city for 10 years.我我们在在这座城市已生活了十年。座城市已生活了十年。分分词短短语ing及及ed形式形式例例句句：Encouraged by the teacher，I decided to learn English well.在老在老师的鼓励下，我决心把英的鼓励下，我决心把英语学好。学好。动词不定式
34、不定式例句：例句：He worked hard to pass the exam.他努力学他努力学习，想通，想通过考考试。从句从句例例句句：So long as you can promise to return it on time，I will lend you my bike.只要你能保只要你能保证准准时归还，我可以把自行，我可以把自行车借借给你。你。独立主格形式：独立主格形式：例例句句：The teacher entered the classroom，ruler in hand.老老师手里拿着一把尺子手里拿着一把尺子进了教室。了教室。(2)状状语的种的种类时间状状语原原因因状状语条条
35、件件状状语地地点点状状语方方式式状状语伴伴随随状状语目目的的状状语(常常位位于于句句末末，强强调时可可位位于于句句首首)让步步状状语程程度度状状语(单个个副副词时，常常前前置置)比比较状状语(通常有固定形式，不可随意改通常有固定形式，不可随意改变)例例句句：When it rains，I usually go to pick up my daughter in my car.下雨下雨时，我通常开，我通常开车去接我的女儿。去接我的女儿。I didnt go to the party because of the heavy snow.因因为下下大雪我没有去参加聚会。大雪我没有去参加聚会。As l
36、ong as you work hard，you can make great progress.只要你努力，就能取得很大的只要你努力，就能取得很大的进步。步。He was sent where he was most needed.他被派往最需要他的地方去了。他被派往最需要他的地方去了。2状语从句状语从句通通常常来来说明明主主句句中中某某一一动词、形形容容词、副副词的的起起状状语作作用用的的从从句句，叫叫做做状状语从从句句。状状语从从句句位位置置较灵灵活活，可可以以放放在在主主句句之之前前、之之后后或或中中间。状状语从从句句包包括括时间、地地点点、原原因因、目的、目的、结果、条件、方式、比果
37、、条件、方式、比较、让步状步状语从句。从句。各各个个类型型的的状状语从从句句在在前前面面单元元的的语法法中中已已经一一一一讲到到过，这里我里我们只将其引只将其引导词进行行归纳总结。种种类常用引常用引导词时间when，as，while，after，before，since，as soon as，ever since，till，until，once，whenever，no sooner.than.，hardly/scarcely.when，the moment，every time，each time，next time，instantly，immediately，by the time，once
38、地点地点where，wherever原因原因because，as，since(既然既然)，for，now (that)条件条件if，unless，so/as long as/as long as，suppose/suppose/supposing(that)，in case (万一，如果万一，如果)，as far as，on condition (that)，provided/providing (that)，if only目的目的so that，in order that，for fear (that)，in case (以免，以防以免，以防)，lest等。从句中的等。从句中的谓语动词may
39、(might)，can(could)，should等情等情态动词。结果果so.that.，such.that.，so that，such that，in such a way that，with the result that方式方式as，as if (though)比比较as.as.，not as/so.as.，than，the more.the more.让步步as(尽管尽管)，though，although，no matter疑疑问词，even if (though)，however，whatever；whenever，wherever.【链接训练链接训练】After a long wa
40、lk，she was _ tired that she had to go upstairs and rest.Amuch Benough Ctoo Dthat【解解析析】句句中中that可可作作为为副副词词，相相当当于于so，与与后后面面的的that构成结果状语从句，其余选项均无这种用法。构成结果状语从句，其余选项均无这种用法。【答案答案】D_ online shopping attracts a certain group of the people，there will always be some who enjoy shopping for their own groceries.A
41、When BAs CIf DWhile【解解析析】句句意意为为：虽虽然然网网上上购购物物吸吸引引了了一一定定群群体体的的人人，但但总总有有一一些些人人喜喜欢欢上上街街购购买买自自己己的的杂杂货货。此此处处while表表示示“虽虽然然；尽管尽管”，引导让步状语从句。，引导让步状语从句。【答案答案】DWe have decided to go for a picnic tomorrow，Dick.Are you going with us?Well，_ you are going，so will I.Awhen Bsince Cif Dwhile【解解析析】句句意意为为：我我们们已已决决定定明明天
42、天出出去去野野炊炊，迪迪克克，你你和和我我们们一一起起去去吗吗？哦哦，既既然然你你们们去去，那那我我也也要要去去。此此题题极极易易误误选选C。if “假假如如你你们们去去，那那我我也也去去。”显显然然不不符符合合前前文文逻辑。逻辑。【答案答案】BJenny was reading a piece of science fiction，completely _ to the outside world.Ahaving lost Bbeing lostClosing Dlost【解解析析】lost是是形形容容词词，be lost to the world(全全神神贯贯注注于某事而不注意周围的事情于
43、某事而不注意周围的事情)。形容词短语表示状态，作状语。形容词短语表示状态，作状语。【答案答案】D_， the people in Sichuan Province are recovering from the effects of the terrible earthquake on May 12th,2008.AStrongly and unitedlyBStrong and unitedCBe strong and unite DBeing strongly and united【解解析析】strong and united“坚坚强强并并团团结结”，为为形形容容词词短短语作状语。语作状语。【答案答案】BLoading 同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全来学校和回家的路上要注意安全
