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1、 The special usage of “It”! The special usage of “It”! 要点解读要点解读1.1.作人称代词和非人称代词的用法作人称代词和非人称代词的用法2.2.作先行代词用法作先行代词用法3.3.作引导词的用法作引导词的用法能力解读能力解读在正确运用在正确运用it的基础用法上的基础用法上,重点掌重点掌握握:1.作形式主语作形式主语2.作形式宾语作形式宾语3.引导强调句引导强调句并能在所给题干提示的语境和逻辑关并能在所给题干提示的语境和逻辑关系中灵活运用系中灵活运用.基本概念和用法基本概念和用法 It 是一个特殊的代词，它有两重意义。是一个特殊的代词，它有两
2、重意义。一是作为代词，另一个是当作连接词一是作为代词，另一个是当作连接词(引导词引导词)。它可以用来代替事物和前面提到过的它可以用来代替事物和前面提到过的事事,也可以用来表示时间也可以用来表示时间,天气等天气等.还还可以用作先行代词及引导词可以用作先行代词及引导词.具体用法具体用法一一.作代词作代词:1. 指代事物或前面提到过的事物指代事物或前面提到过的事物:What is this ?It is a picture of a man.Yeah. I wont forget it!It is a lovely and cute panda, isnt it?2. 2. 指与某事有关的人或事指与
3、某事有关的人或事Is it a girl or a boy?3. 指代时间和天气指代时间和天气How is the weather?It is rainy.It is twenty past two.Whats the time now? 4. 指代距离指代距离How far is it from your home to your school?It is only five minutes walk.5. 表示情况或代替表示情况或代替this, that:How is it going on with the girl? It must go on with her very well.
4、She is very happy.Whats this ? It is a cute dog.1.指代人称代词指代人称代词(1)Wheres my book? Have you seen it? (2) The dog is in the garden, isnt it?(3) The baby is crying. It must be hungry. (4)-Someone is ringing. Whos it? -Its me. It 指代指代 动物动物It 指代不确定身份的人指代不确定身份的人 It 指代指代 某物某物 It 指代指代 婴儿婴儿 (3)it表示表示时间时间、天气、距
5、离等。、天气、距离等。 -What time is it now? -Its half past three. It is hot and sunny. Its about ten kilometers from the park to the museum. Time Distance Weather 二二.用作先行代词用作先行代词:1.it作形式主语作形式主语: 2. 英语中不定式、动名词、主语从句在作英语中不定式、动名词、主语从句在作主语时主语往往显得很长，使整个句子看主语时主语往往显得很长，使整个句子看上去有点上去有点 头重脚轻，这样就借助头重脚轻，这样就借助“it”来来作形式上的主语
6、，而把真正的主语移到句作形式上的主语，而把真正的主语移到句子后边去，使全句看上去平稳一些。子后边去，使全句看上去平稳一些。 “it”没有实际的意义。没有实际的意义。 1)It + predicate (be) + adj. / n. +to do 2)It is easy to climb the hill.3)It is his duty to settle the problem.4)2) It +predicate (be) + no use / good + gerund (动名词动名词)5)It is no using arguing with him.6)It is no good
7、 going there. 2.作形式宾语作形式宾语: 这种情况通常只用于能带以名词或这种情况通常只用于能带以名词或形容词作宾语补语的动词后面。常用于形容词作宾语补语的动词后面。常用于下列句型下列句型:feel; think; make; find+it + adj. / n. +to do Eg. I found it not easy to get on with Jim. We all think it vital to English well.Mr. Li has made it very clear that no one is allowed to go swimming alo
8、ne after class. I leave it to you to judge by yourself.三三. 作为强调句的引导词作为强调句的引导词: 为了强调句子的某一成分，把引导词为了强调句子的某一成分，把引导词“it”用在句首，这种强调句的结构是用在句首，这种强调句的结构是“It is （was ）所强调的成分（主语、）所强调的成分（主语、宾语、状语）宾语、状语）that”，表达的意思为表达的意思为“是是，正是，正是，就是，就是”。“it ”在这种句型中本身没什么实际意义。在这种句型中本身没什么实际意义。这里需要说明的是：如被强调的是人，这里需要说明的是：如被强调的是人，则后面用则
9、后面用who或或that， 如被强调的是物如被强调的是物或其他情况，则用或其他情况，则用that。 Peter swept the floor yesterday. (改为强调句改为强调句) It was Peter who / that swept the floor yesterday.(主主) It was yesterday that Peter swept the floor.(时间状语时间状语) It was the floor that Peter swept yesterday.(宾语宾语)*注意点注意点:使用强调句应该注意的问题有下面几点使用强调句应该注意的问题有下面几点:1
10、)无论被强调部分是什么无论被强调部分是什么,总是用总是用that (强调强调指人的主语时指人的主语时,who / that两者皆可用两者皆可用;如如果被强调部分是指物只用果被强调部分是指物只用that, ) It was they who / that built the house last year. 2) 强调主语时强调主语时,谓语动词必须和原有的主语谓语动词必须和原有的主语保持人称数的一致保持人称数的一致: It is he who is going to go abroad. It is I who am to blame. 3) 区别词句与定语从句的异同区别词句与定语从句的异同:
11、It was in the factory that my father used to work.(强调强调) It was the factory where my father used to work. (定语从句定语从句)四四. It 特殊句型特殊句型:1.It + be +一段时间一段时间 + since 1）主句为）主句为It is ( has been) +时段时时段时 , since从句通常用从句通常用一般过去时一般过去时；主；主句为句为It was ( had been) +, since从从句一般为句一般为过去完成时过去完成时。 2）当）当since从句中为延续动词时，从
12、句中为延续动词时，表示从该动作表示从该动作结束结束时算起有多久。时算起有多久。 自从我上次见到他已经有两年了。自从我上次见到他已经有两年了。 It is two years since I last saw him 我有五年不抽烟了。我有五年不抽烟了。 It has been five years since I smoked. It is three years since I was in the school. 我离开学校五年了。我离开学校五年了。 It is three years since I left the school 2. It + seem / appear + as i
13、f / that / since It + look + like / as if It seems as if there will be an election soon. It looks like rain. It looks as if there will be a mistake. It looks as if he were / is ill.。 It seems like years since I last saw you.3. It + be + done ( reported / said / told / announced / thought / believed
14、/ known) + that 据说他已经出国学习了。据说他已经出国学习了。It is said that he has studied abroad.=He is said to have studied abroad.大家都知道这座大桥要提前完工。大家都知道这座大桥要提前完工。 It is well known that the bridge will be completed ahead of time4. It + be + for / of sb. + to do sth. 如果不定式的逻辑主语是由如果不定式的逻辑主语是由of引起，主句中的形容词引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示主语特
15、征的形容词。常见的有：必须是能表示主语特征的形容词。常见的有：bad; brave; careless; clever; foolish 等，这个句型可以改等，这个句型可以改写为：写为：sb. + be + adj. + to do. 如果不定式的逻辑主语如果不定式的逻辑主语是由是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易度等情况的形容词，常见的有：性，频繁程度，难易度等情况的形容词，常见的有：important, safe, common, difficult等。等。 你这么说太好了。你这么说太好了。 Its kind of
16、 you to say so. 做这项工作对我来说很难。做这项工作对我来说很难。 Its difficult for me to do this work.5. It + be + n. + to doIts his duty to attend to the matter.6. It + be + no use / useless + doingIts no use trying to persuade him.7. It + be + n.( a pity / a shame / no wonder + that Its a pity / shame that you are sick.
17、Its a wonder that he is still alive.8. It is time to do something It is time to go to school. It is time for sb. to do something. It is time for me to do homework. It is time for something. It is time for class. It is high time that someone did something. It is high time that we went to bed .一选择填空一选
18、择填空 1.Have you seen my watch? Yes, _is on the desk.A. ItB. thisC. it D. that 2. -I hear the Whites have a new baby. - Oh, is _ lovely?A. he B. sheC. theyD. it 3.-There is a knock at the door. _? - It is me.A.Who is he B. Who is that B. C. Who is it D. Who is sheCCD4. -What is the weather like today?
19、 - _ is very hot, isnt it?A. it B. It C. Weather D. Its 5. -How far is _ from here to the railway station? -_ about ten minutes walk.A. it; It B . it; Its C. It; It D. it; Its6. -Is that a pen or a pencil? - _ is a pencil.A. This B. ThatC. It D. TheyBBC 7. -What is the date today, the 18th or the 19
20、th? -Neither. _ the 20th. A. ItB. That C. This D. Its 8. I bought a knife and lent _ to him.A. itB. that C. oneD. ones 9. -_ is very difficult to remember all their names. -I think so.A. That B. It C. ThisD. ItsDAB10. I found _very difficult to get to sleep last night.A. its B. itC. thats D. this11.
21、 _ was Bob _ I met in your room yesterday.A.It, whom B. That, who C. It, that D. This, who 12._was in your room _ I met Bob yesterday. A. It, who B. It, that C. That, who D. That, that BCB二完成下列句子二完成下列句子：1从深圳到广州大约两个小时的车程。从深圳到广州大约两个小时的车程。 _ _ _ _ from Shenzhen to Guangzhou.2这里的气候是冬暖夏凉。这里的气候是冬暖夏凉。 _ _
22、in winter while hot _ _.3请问谁在敲门。是我。请问谁在敲门。是我。 Who is knocking at the door? _ _. ItstwohoursdriveItswarmin summerIts me4学好英语是不容易的学好英语是不容易的。 _ not easy _ _ _ _.5我们发现打猎很有趣我们发现打猎很有趣。 We found _ interesting _ _ _. 6TOM就是那个帮助老师的人就是那个帮助老师的人。 _ _ Tom _ _ _ _.Its to learnitto It waswhohelped ourteacherEnglishwellgohuntingGood -bye!& Thanks a lot!
