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1、初中初中语法综语法综合复习全解合复习全解定语从句学习目标：定语从句学习目标： 能辨认由能辨认由that ,which, whothat ,which, who引导的限定性定语从句，并知引导的限定性定语从句，并知道如何选用关系词。道如何选用关系词。 定语从句定语从句是指在句中作是指在句中作定语的从句。定语的从句。先行词先行词：是：是被定语从句所修饰的词被定语从句所修饰的词 （通常是名词或代词）（通常是名词或代词） 关系词的作用关系词的作用：z xx kz xx k1.1.引导引导定语从句定语从句2.2.在从句中替代先行词，在定语从句在从句中替代先行词，在定语从句中充当一定的成分，通常是主语或宾中
2、充当一定的成分，通常是主语或宾语，作宾语时常可以省略。语，作宾语时常可以省略。 z x x k z x x k定语从句：定语从句：先行词先行词+ +关系词关系词(that/which/who)+(that/which/who)+从句从句修饰修饰先行词先行词关系词关系词指人指人that (作作主语、宾语主语、宾语或或表语表语)who (作作主语、宾语主语、宾语或或表语表语) whom (作作宾语宾语)指物指物that (作作主语、宾语主语、宾语或或表语表语) which (作作主语主语或或宾语宾语) 有时可代替有时可代替whom作宾语作宾语Whoisthegirlthattalkedtoyouy
3、esterday.Attributiveclause关系词在从关系词在从句中做主语句中做主语先行词是人先行词是人Lookatthephotos(that)Itookonmytrip.Attributiveclause关系词在从句关系词在从句中作宾语中作宾语先行词是物先行词是物ItsuccessfullyshowstherichculturewhichmakesBeijingsofamous.Attributiveclause关系词在从关系词在从句中作主语句中作主语先行词是物先行词是物Thephoto(which)welikedbestwastakenbyZhaoMin.Attributivec
4、lause先行词是物先行词是物关系词在从句中作宾语关系词在从句中作宾语Hisfatheristhepersonwhowillbemostunhappy.Attributiveclause先行词是人先行词是人关系词在从句中作主语关系词在从句中作主语Tomistheboy(who/whom)wesawintheshop.Attributiveclause先行词是人先行词是人关系词在从句中作宾语关系词在从句中作宾语Ivebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool_ImetintheEnglishsppechcontestlastyear.（
5、2011湖北十堰）湖北十堰）A.whoB.whereC.whenD.which【解析解析】本题考查引导定语从句的关系本题考查引导定语从句的关系词。先行词是词。先行词是thestudents，指人，观察，指人，观察选项，应用选项，应用who引导，故选引导，故选A。Ilovetheschool_Ihavestudiedinforthreeyears.（2013湖南衡阳）湖南衡阳）A.whereB.whenC.that【解析解析】本题考查引导定语从句的关系本题考查引导定语从句的关系词。先行词是词。先行词是theschool，关系词在从句，关系词在从句中作介词中作介词in的宾语，只能选关系词的宾语，只
6、能选关系词that，即即C。z x x kz x x kWhatareyoulookingfor?Imlookingforthering_myhusbandboughtmelastyear.(2012山东滨州山东滨州)A.thatB.whoC.whomD.it【解析解析】本题考查引导定语从句的关系本题考查引导定语从句的关系词。先行词词。先行词thering指物，观察选项只有指物，观察选项只有A是引导物的关系词，故选是引导物的关系词，故选A。 Successwillbelongtothose_neversay“impossible”.(2012河南河南)A.whomB.whatC.whoD.wh
7、ich【解析解析】考查引导定语从句的关系词。考查引导定语从句的关系词。先行词是先行词是those，根据句意指人，而且，根据句意指人，而且关系词在从句中作主语，符合题意的只关系词在从句中作主语，符合题意的只有选项有选项C。Whatshallwedonext?Taketheadvice_isgivenbyDr.Bloch.(2012福建泉州福建泉州)A.whoB.whichC.whose【解析解析】由先行词由先行词theadvice可知，应可知，应用引导物的关系词，选项用引导物的关系词，选项B符合。符合。Pleasepassmethecartoonbook_hasaMickeyMouseonthe
8、cover.(2012天津天津)A.whomB.whoseC.whoD.which【解析解析】考查考查which引导的定语从句。分引导的定语从句。分析句子结构可知本句为定语从句，先析句子结构可知本句为定语从句，先行词为行词为cartoonbook，指物，所以应该，指物，所以应该用关系词用关系词which。Itsinterestingthattherearemanypeople_speakFrenchinCanada.(2012四川成都四川成都)A.whichB.whereC.who【解析解析】由先行词由先行词people可知，此题考可知，此题考查查who引导的定语从句。句意为：引导的定语从句。
9、句意为：“在加拿大有许多人说法语，真是有趣。在加拿大有许多人说法语，真是有趣。”在先行词是物的定语从句中，一般情在先行词是物的定语从句中，一般情况下况下that和和which都可以通用都可以通用, , 但但在下在下列情况下列情况下, , 一般一般用用that而不用而不用which。Iamsureshehassomethingthatyoucanborrow.1.1.先行词为先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much 等等不定代词时不定代词时。Ivereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.2.先行词被先行
10、词被all,little,much,every,no 等修饰时等修饰时。3.先行词被先行词被序数词或最高级序数词或最高级修饰时修饰时。Thisisthefirstbookthathehasread.E.g:Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.4.先行词被先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时修饰时。5.先行词为先行词为人和物的组合人和物的组合。E.g:Theytalkedforanhourofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.E.g:Whichofthebooksth
11、atyouborrowedfromthelibraryisthemostinteresting?6. 若若主句中有疑问代词主句中有疑问代词who或者或者which, , 为了避免重复为了避免重复, , 关系代词不要再用关系代词不要再用who, , which，而用，而用that。Nowmanypeoplesmokeandgetill.Soweshoulddosomething_canhelpstopsmoking.(2012广西玉林广西玉林)A.whatB.whoC./D.that【解析解析】考查引导定语从句的关系词。考查引导定语从句的关系词。先行词是先行词是something，根据规则，见到
12、，根据规则，见到这类不定代词应用这类不定代词应用that，故选，故选D。Ivefoundsomepicturesofthemostinterestingplaces_youcanvisitduringthewinterholidays.(2009山东烟台山东烟台)A.whereB.whichC.whatD.that【解析解析】考查引导定语从句的关系词。考查引导定语从句的关系词。先行词先行词places在从句中作在从句中作visit的宾语，的宾语，且前有最高级修饰，故用关系代词且前有最高级修饰，故用关系代词that。Individual activity注注: : 另附另附 word word
13、文档。文档。点击此处链接点击此处链接I.单项选择。单项选择。1.-Doyouknowthegirl_isstandingthere?-Sheismylittlesister.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which2.-CouldyoutellmesomethingaboutZhengHe?-Sure.HewasaMingDynastyexplorer_theChinesepeopleareproudof.A.whichB.whoseC.whomD.where3.Thisisthecity_Ivisited10yearsago.A.whereB./C.whoD.why4.Shaoli
14、nTemple_liesinthewestofZhengzhouwelcomesthevisitorsbothathomeandabroad.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.what5.-Whatkindofmusicdoyoulike？-Ilikemusic_Icansingalongwith.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.why6.Imasportsfan.Iminterestedineverything_isaboutsports.A.thatB.thereC.whichD.where7.Wearetalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist_we
15、reintheconcertweattendedlastnight.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that8.Ihatepeople_areonlynicetoyouwhentheywantsomething!A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.whom9.Dontforgettobringthebook_youboughtlastweek.A.whoB.whenC.whichD.what10.Isthegirl_youtalkedwithjustnownewhere?A.howB.whoC.whoseD.whichII.判断下列句子中的关系词是否可以省略。判断下列句子中的关系
16、词是否可以省略。1.Hangzhouisacitywhichhasabeautifullake.2.Thepeoplewhowemetatthepartywereveryfriendlytous.3.Thehouseinwhichweliveisnotlarge.4.ThepersonfromwhomheborrowedthedictionaryisMr.Li.5.ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayisalittleexpensive.可以省略的有：可以省略的有：_ 2, 5.用适当的关系代词用适当的关系代词that,which,who,whom填空。填空。1.Theboy
17、_isplayingpingpongismyclassmate.2.Thee-mail_Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.3.Ihatepeople_talkmuchbutdolittle.4.Thisisthebestnovel_Ihaveread.5.Lucycanteatfood_haschocolateinit.that/whothat/whichthat/whothatthat/which6.Thedetectivefoundthethieves_robbedtheBankofHawaii.7.Myauntworksinauniversity_has
18、overfivethousandstudents.8.Allthewomen_wereworkinginthatfactoryhadadayoffonWomensDay.9.Whichisthemachine_weusedlastSunday.10.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.that/whothat/whichthat/whothatthat.根据汉语提示，补全句子。根据汉语提示，补全句子。1.Theboy_(打破玻璃的打破玻璃的)iscalledMike.2.Isthisthefact
19、ory_(生产相机的生产相机的)?3.Kittydidntwear_(她昨天买的那条她昨天买的那条裙子裙子).4.(正在洗车的那个男人正在洗车的那个男人)_ismyuncle. that/who broke the windowthat/which producesthe skirt that/which/ she bought yesterdayis washing the carThe man who/thatcameras5.Theroom_（吉姆住的）（吉姆住的）looksverynice.6.Thatistheman_（刚才偷我钱包的）（刚才偷我钱包的）.7.Thewoman_（住在
20、隔壁的）（住在隔壁的）isateacher. which/that Jim lives in who/that stole my who/that lives next doorpurse just now8.Ilikethemusic_（我可以随之而唱的）（我可以随之而唱的）.9.Thisisthedoctor_（救了孩子的命）（救了孩子的命）.10.Whoisthegirl_（正站在树下的）（正站在树下的）. which/that I can singalong with who saved thatboys life that is standing under the tree.用适当
21、的关系词填空。用适当的关系词填空。(1)Mygrandfatherisoneofthebestgrandfathersintheworld.Heworkedinafactory_makescars.Helikesreadingandheoftenbuysbooksforme.Thebooks_areinterestingtellmemanythings.Forexample,“Those_havegoodmannerswillberespected”; which/that which/that who“Successwillbelongtothose_neversayimpossible”.
22、Nowmygrandpaisgettingolderandolderandwhatheremembersislessandless.Sometimeshetellsmethepeopleandthings_hestillremembers.Ilikethosestories.AndIlovemygrandpa. who that(2)Thepupils_wenttoMarksschoolworeredjacketsandblacktrousers.Theschoolwasoneofthebestinthecity,andhadoverathousandpupils.Thethings_thes
23、tudentslikedbestatschoolwerethecomputerroomandthedininghall,andthegames_thepupilsenjoyedmostwerefootballandbasketball. who which/that/which/that/Markwastheboy_wasbestatfootball,and_wascaptainoftheschoolteam. Theactivity_thegirlslikedbestwasthedanceclass,andeveryyearthegirlsgaveperformance_everyoneca
24、metowiththeirparents.Theteacher_everyonelikedmostwasMrsBlack. who whowhich/that/which/that/ who/(3)Mike:IsawareallygoodcartoononTVlastnight.Sally:Whichcartoonwasthat?ThereweretwoonTVlastnight.Isawboth.Mike:Itwastheone_hadthemouseinit.Sally:Iknow.Therewasamouse_onlyateaspecialkindofcheese. which/that who/thatMike:Andithadtofindplaces_hadthischeese.Sally:Yes,itwasfunny.ButtherewasacartoonIsawlastweek_wasmuchfunnier.Mike:Whatwasitcalled?Sally:ItwascalledThe mouse _ loved cats. that which/that who/that
