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1、选修7Module 4 Music Born in America课程解读课程解读话题Music Born in America(美国音乐）功能Comparing the present and the past(比较现在和过去）语法Adverbial clauses of time and ellipses(时间状语从句和省略）课程解读课程解读重点词汇及拓展1.approach n.方法；步骤2.decline n.衰退；下降；减少3.touch v.触动；感动；使动心4.arise v.(由）引起（产生）5.boom v.繁荣；兴起；迅速发展6.budget v.制定预算，按预算来安排开支
2、7.schedule n.计划表，进度表，日程表8.quit v.离开，辞去9.protest n.抗议10.technique n.技巧，手法technical adj.技术的technology n.技术11.emerge v.出现emergence n.出现，出来emergency n.事变，紧急关头12.harmony n.融洽，一致harmonize v.和谐，协调harmonious adj.和谐的，协调的13.devote v.为付出时间/努力/金钱等devotion n.贡献14.migrant n.移民migrate v.移居migration n.移居，迁移15.humor
3、ous adj.幽默的humor n.幽默课程解读课程解读重点短语1.side by side并排，并肩2.be bored with厌烦3.take advantage of利用4.rather than而不是5.in order有序地6.try out尝试7.be blessed with有幸；享有e out出版9.far from完全不10.be devoted to对专一，专注；献身于，致力于11.beg for乞求，请求12.make an impression on sb.给某人留下印象重点句型1.As well as attracting huge audiences in it
4、s Hong Kong home，Cantopop has spread offshore，and its stars are known in Beijing，London and New York.粤语流行音乐不仅吸引了香港本地的大量听众，而且传到海外的其他国家，香港的歌星在北京、伦敦和纽约都很有名。2.“My message is that it doesnt matter if youre black,white,fat,thin,old and young-were all the same,its a great world and you can do something wit
5、h your life.”“我想告诉大家的是不管你是黑人还是白人，肥胖还是瘦小，年长还是年幼，这些都不重要我们都是一样的，这是一个美妙的世界，你可以在有生之年做些事情。”知识要点知识要点要点一要点一 单词单词1.decline v.&n.衰退，下降，减少；谢绝，拒绝衰退，下降，减少；谢绝，拒绝归纳拓展（1）fall into (a) decline开始衰退be in decline处于下降、衰退中on the decline在下坡路上；在衰退（减少）（2）decline by下降了decline to do sth.拒绝做某事（3）(反)increase n.&v.增加on the incre
6、ase在增加知识要点知识要点例句：His interest in computer games is now in decline.他对电脑游戏的兴趣开始减退。The number of tourists to the resort declined by 30% because of the terrorist attack last year.去年由于恐怖袭击，到这个旅游胜地旅游的人数减少了30%。Their spokesman declined to comment on the allegations.他们的发言人拒绝对这些指控加以评论。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】The nu
7、mber of the tourists to the resort _ 10%.A.declined byB.declined toC.decline byD.decline to【解析解析】decline by“下降了”。句意为：到这个旅游景点的游客数量下降了10%。decline to“下降到”，不合题意。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点2.harmony n.协调，融洽协调，融洽归纳拓展（1）in harmony with sb./sth.与协调；与相配out of harmony with sb./sth.与不协调live/work in harmony一起生活/工作得融洽（2）har
8、monious adj.和谐的，协调的，和睦的知识要点知识要点例句：His suggestions are in harmony with the aims of this project.他的建议和本项目的目标相符。What you did yesterday was out of harmony with our plan.你昨天的所作所为与我们的计划不一致。Everyone wishes to have a harmonious family.每个人都希望有一个和睦的家庭。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】We had to rely on our own intelligence t
9、o creat _ and balance with the environment during development.A.importanceB.agreementC.effectD.harmony【解析解析】句意为：在发展期间，我们要依靠自己的智慧去创造环境的和谐与平衡。harmony“和谐，协调”，符合题意。【答案答案】D知识要点知识要点3.devote vt.把（时间、精力等）贡献给把（时间、精力等）贡献给，致力于，致力于归纳拓展（1）devote oneself/ones life/time/energy to sth./doing sth.把生命/时间/精力投入到，专心致力于（
10、2）devoted adj.疼爱的；忠实的be devoted to献身于，专心致志于（to是介词，后接名词或动名词形式，不接动词原形）devotion n.深爱，忠诚；奉献，献身知识要点知识要点例句：Net chat may be interesting，but you should not devote all your time to it.网上聊天或许很有趣，但你不应该把所有的时间都用在这上面。The doctor is determined to devote his whole life to his career.那位医生下决心一生都致力于自己的事业。He was at one
11、time so devoted to playing the piano.他曾经那么沉迷于弹钢琴。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】A brilliant idea occurred to him, _ to his research in the lab.A.while devotingB.while devoting himselfC.while he was devotedD.while devoted【解析解析】句意为：他有了一个绝妙的想法，那就是致力于实验室研究。sb. be devoted to sth.或sb. devoted oneself to sth.意为“专心致志于，献
12、身于”。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要点4.quit v.（quitquitquitquitting；quitquittedquittedquitting）离开，离去；停止做某事；）离开，离去；停止做某事；摆脱某人摆脱某人/某物某物归纳拓展（1）quit office/school辞职/退学（2）be quit of sb./sth.摆脱某人/某事物quit doing sth.停止做某事例句：If I dont get more money，Ill quit.如果不给我加薪我就辞职。Quit smoking in this room，please.室内请勿吸烟。Youre well quit
13、of him.你可摆脱他了。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】He decided to _ the job after he quarrelled with the manager.A.stopB.blockC.loosenD.quit【解析解析】句意为：他与经理争吵过后决定辞去工作。quit意为“辞职，放弃”，符合题意。【答案答案】D知识要点知识要点要点二要点二 短语短语1.take advantage of利用利用归纳拓展(1)have/gain/win/get an advantage over比有优势,胜过，优于to sb.s advantage=to the advantage
14、of sb.对某人有利，有利于某人have the advantage of具有的有利条件(2)类似的表达还有：make use of利用，使用make full use of sth.充分利用某物make good use of sth.很好地利用某物make the best use of sth.最好地利用某物make very little use of sth.很少利用某物知识要点知识要点例句：I hope that this library is fully taken advantage of.我希望这座图书馆能被充分利用。He had the advantage over ot
15、her boys of being born into a rich family.他出生于有钱人家，所以比其他男孩子条件优越。This method has the advantage of saving a lot of fuel.这个方法有节省很多燃料的优点。This agreement is to their advantage,in my opinion.依我看，这项协议对他们有利。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】He _ Toms ignorance to sell him a worthless car.A.took advantage ofB.took care ofC.t
16、ook delight inD.took charge of【解析解析】考查take的相关短语。句意为：他利用汤姆的无知卖给了他一辆废车。take advantage of“利用”；take care of“照顾”；take delight in“喜欢，以为乐”；take charge of“掌管”，由句意可知A项正确。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点We should pay much attention to the use we _ our spare time，so that we can make rapid progress in our studies.A.make fromB.m
17、ake upC.make up ofD.make of【解析解析】题中we make of our spare time为定语从句，其先行词为use,即与从句中的make of构成make use of短语。【答案答案】D知识要点知识要点2.rather than而不是而不是归纳拓展（1）rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的词在人称和数上保持一致。（2）or rather与其说不如说；更确切地说other than除之外（常用于否定句中）例句：I prefer to go there on foot rather than take a b
18、us.我宁愿步行去那里而不愿坐车去。She enjoys singing rather than dancing.她喜欢唱歌而不喜欢跳舞。He，rather than you,is to blame.是他，而不是你应受责备。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】_, Mary is sleepy, she insists on finishing her homework rather than _ to sleep. A.While;goingB.Though;goesC.As;goingD.Despite;go【解析解析】空一考查while引导让步状语从句的用法；空二考查rather tha
19、n前后一致的用法，由finishing可知应选going。句意为：尽管玛丽很困了，但是她坚持要完成作业才去睡觉。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点Most people would agree that nuclear science should be developed to benefit the human beings _ harm them.A.rather thanB.other thanC.more thanD.or rather【解析解析】考查短语意义辨析。句意为：大多数人一致认为核实验应该被发展为造福人类而不是祸害人类。rather than而不是；other than“除了”
20、；more than“比多”；or rather“更确切地说”，由题意可知A项正确。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点要点三 句式1.As well as attracting huge audiences in its Hong Kong home，Cantopop has spread offshore，and its stars are known in Beijing，London and New York.粤语流行音乐不仅仅吸引了香港本地的大量听众，而且传到海外的其他国家，香港的歌星在北京、伦敦和纽约都很有名。as well as用于肯定句中，起连接作用，意为“既又，不仅而且”。知识要点
21、知识要点归纳拓展（1）as well as作“和，同”讲，具有连词性质，常用来连接两个并列成分。如果连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词应当与as well as前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。若连接两个动词，第二个as后常用动名词形式。（2）在表达“不但而且”之意时，as well as侧重前者，而not only.but also.侧重后者。连接并列主语时，not only.but also.按照就近原则确定谓语动词的形式。例句：They own a house in Jinan as well as a villa in Qingdao.他们不仅在济南有一栋房子，而且在青岛还有一座别墅。She
22、 is lively as well as healthy.她既健康又活泼。Helen as well as I is eager to see the performance.海伦和我一样急于要看演出。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】Tom as well as his classmates often _ in the library.A.readsB.readC.to readD.reading【解析解析】as well as连接两个并列主语，谓语动词与其前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点_ does he do his own work well，_ h
23、e helps others with their work.A.Either；orB.Not only；but alsoC.Neither；norD.Both；and【解析解析】句意为：他不但把自己的工作做好，而且还帮助其他人。not only.but also.“不但，而且”，且当not only放在句首时，句子要倒装，符合题意。【答案答案】B知识要点知识要点2.“My message is that it doesnt matter if youre black,white,fat,thin,old and youngwere all the same,its a great world
24、 and you can do something with your life.”“我想告诉大家的是不管你是黑人还是白人，肥胖还是瘦我想告诉大家的是不管你是黑人还是白人，肥胖还是瘦小，年长还是年幼，这些都不重要小，年长还是年幼，这些都不重要我们都是一样的，我们都是一样的，这是一个美妙的世界，你可以在有生之年做些事情。这是一个美妙的世界，你可以在有生之年做些事情。”It doesnt matter (+从句从句)/It wont matter(+从句从句)没没关系，不要紧关系，不要紧知识要点知识要点归纳拓展（1）It doesnt matter (to sb.)+从句（对某人来说）没关系，不要
25、紧It matters a lot/a great deal(+从句)非常重要what matters is.唯一要紧的是（2）no matter who/why/what.无论谁/为什么/什么（引导让步状语从句）as a matter of fact实际上，事实上It doesnt matter.没关系，无所谓。to make matters (the matter) worse更糟的是Whats the matter with.？怎么了？知识要点知识要点例句：It doesnt matter what you wear,as long as you look neat and tidy.只
26、要看起来干净整洁，你穿什么都可以。It mattered a great deal to her what other people thought of her.其他人怎么看她对她来说极为重要。As a matter of fact,she was responsible for the accident.实际上，她应对这起事故负责。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】Oh,sorry,Jane.I took your dictionary by mistake._ .A.Thats rightB.It doesnt matterC.Youre welcomeD.Never think ab
27、out it【解析解析】此题考查情景交际。“It doesnt matter.”是用来回答别人的道歉的，意思是“没关系”。【答案答案】B知识要点知识要点I couldnt understand _ with me.A.the matter was whatB.what was the matterC.what the matter wasD.that was the matter【解析解析】what was the matter with me意为“我怎么了”，what作主语。【答案答案】B知识要点知识要点要点四要点四 语法语法1.时间状语从句时间状语从句(1)定义：在句子中起时间状语作用的句
28、子称为时间状语从句，可放在句首，句中和句尾。(2)引导词归纳拓展常用来引导时间状语从句的引导词有：when,while,as,after,before,since,ever since,till,until,once,whenever,every time,each time,by the time,the first time,the next time,as soon as.,no sooner.than.,hardly.when,the moment等。知识要点知识要点（3）as还可译为“随着”，表示事态或状况的变化或发展过程；just as是固定搭配，意为“正当时”。before除意为
29、“在之前”外，还有“还未就”；“不到就”；“才”；“趁着还没就”；“还没来得及就”等意思。例句：We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。Before I could get in a word,he had measured me.我还没来得及插话，他就给我量了尺寸。知识要点知识要点before和since的用法before可构成句型；It will (not) be.before和It was (not).before.,意为“多久之后才”/“不久就”。例句：It will be half a year before I
30、 come back.半年后我才回来。It wont be long before we meet again.不久我们会再相见的。since可构成句型：It is/has been.since.，意为“做某事已有多久了”，这时since从句的谓语为瞬间动词；意为“已有多久没做某事了”时，since从句的谓语为延续性动词或表状态的词。知识要点知识要点例句：Its three years since the war broke out.自从战争爆发，到现在已有三年了。Its one year since she was in our class.她不在我们班有一年了。主句谓语动词为延续性动词时，
31、主句和从句都用肯定句式，意为“一直到”，表示主句动作一直延续到until/till从句表示的时间才终止；主句谓语动词为短暂性动词时，主句用否定式，从句用肯定式，意思是“直到才”，表示主句动作到until/till从句表示的时间才开始。知识要点知识要点例句：He studied until/till it was 9:00.他一直学到九点。He didnt study until/till it was 9:00.他到九点才学习。注意：until可置于句首，而till则不可放在句首；另外，not until位于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。例句：Until you told me I had no
32、idea of it.=Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。知识要点知识要点归纳拓展表达“一就”的短语有no sooner.than.，hardly/scarcely.when.等。例句：No sooner had I begun to talk than he rang off.I had no sooner begun to talk than he rang off.我还未来得及讲话，他就挂断了电话。Hardly had I told him my name when he stopped list
33、ening.I had hardly told him my name when he stopped listening.我还没来得及告诉他我的名字，他就不听了。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】Youd better voice your opinion publicly _ you feel it the best time for it at the meeting.A.thatB.untilC.whenD.where【解析解析】when you feel it the best time for it at the meeting是时间状语从句，意为“在会议上当你觉得是最合适的时候
34、”。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要点The head of the company promised to deal with matters of this sort _ he returned to his office.A.untilB.whileC.by the timeD.the moment【解析解析】句意为：公司的领导许诺说一回到办公室就会解决这种问题。the moment意为“一就”，表时间，在句中引导时间状语从句。故选D。【答案答案】D知识要点知识要点_ time went on,he proved he was suitable for the job.A.AsB.WithC
35、.WhenD.While【解析解析】句意为：随着时间的流逝，他证明了他能胜任这份工作。由句意可排除C、D两项；B项是介词，其后不能接句子，故A项正确。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点It is 3 years _ he left,so he is eager to know what his hometown is like.A.beforeB.sinceC.whenD.as【解析解析】句意为：自从他离开家乡已有3年了，所以他是如此热切的想知道他的家乡是什么样子了。具有干扰性的是A项，试比较：It will be 3 years before he leaves.三年后，他要离开。故B项正确。【
36、答案答案】B知识要点知识要点2.省略省略为了避免重复，省略句中的一个或几个句子成分，这种语法现象称为省略。从句法的角度分析，省略句常有以下三种类型：(1)简单句中的省略人称（有时包括谓语）的省略。例句：How is your mother today?你母亲今天感觉怎么样？(She is) Much better.她好多了。(Are you)tired?你累了吗？Yes,I am(tired).是的，我很累。知识要点知识要点感叹句根据上下文的省略。例句：How beautiful (it is)!真漂亮！How hard (they are working)!真辛苦啊！名词所有格后的名词，如果
37、是表示在住宅、店铺、教室或上下文已经暗示或明确指出过的事物时，常省略。例句：At her mothers (house) she passed many happy days.在她母亲房间里，她度过了许多愉快的日子。Im going to the doctors (clinic).我去诊所。知识要点知识要点表示年龄的years old和表示钟表的oclock等常省略。例句：I am thirteen (years old).我十三岁。介词的省略。在waste,spend,have trouble/difficulty等跟v.-ing时，介词in常省略，在prevent,stop等后的from常
38、省略。例句：Dont waste time (in) quarrelling with him.不要浪费时间和他争吵。Ways must be found to stop them (from) polluting our environment.必须找到让他们停止污染环境的方法。知识要点知识要点不定式的省略。保留不定式符号to，省略动词。有些动词或助动词，如have,ought,want,be going,wish,hope,like,love,try,forget,prefer,mean,expect,be about,be sure,be certain,be likely,be rea
39、dy,be supposed,be obliged,be bound等的后面，为避免重复，只用不定式符号to表示不定式。例句：Are you going to take a course in the summer vacation?暑假期间你要去上课吗？Yes,I have to(take a course) though I dont want to (take a course).是的，尽管不愿意但必须去。Have you ever been to the seaside?你去过海边吗？No,we cant afford to (go to the seaside).没有，我们支付不起（
40、去海边的费用）。知识要点知识要点注意：如承前省略的不定式内容中含有be或作助动词用的have,to后要保留be或have。例句：Are you a teacher?你是教师吗？No,but I used to be.不是，但我过去是。John didnt come,but he ought to have.约翰没来，但他本该来的。知识要点知识要点(2)并列句中的省略在不影响句意的情况下，并列句中后边分句与前边分句相同的部分都可以省略。例句：I take some exercise at weekends and so do my colleagues (take some exercise).
41、周末我做运动，我的同事也做。She was poor but (she was) honest.尽管她贫穷但她很诚实。知识要点知识要点(3)复合句中的省略主句中的省略。常见于句首或回答问题时，只用从句。例句：Why are you late?你为什么迟到了？(Im late)Because my watch doesnt work.因为我的手表停了。知识要点知识要点从句中的省略a.宾语从句主句、从句的谓语相同时，可以省略从句中的全部谓语甚至主语。例句：She didnt attend the concert,but I wonder why (she didnt attend the conc
42、ert).她没有去听音乐会，但我想知道为什么。在宾语从句中常省略连词，但当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词that可以省略。例句：She said (that) I should spend more time with children and that it was a must if I wanted to be a good parent.她说我应该多陪陪孩子并且说如果我想成为一个好的家长这是必须的。知识要点知识要点b.定语从句可以省略作定语的关系代词that,which或whom，当它们在定语从句中作宾语时。例句：Please show me the coat
43、 (that) you bought yesterday.请给我看一下你昨天买的外套。在非正式文体中，关系副词when,why,way后面的that,as后面的主谓结构可以省略。例句：The way (that) he conducted his class impressed me deeply.他管理班级的方式给我留下很深的印象。He gave the same answer as (he had given) before.他给了我同先前一模一样的答案。知识要点知识要点c.状语从句在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，如果主句、从句的主语一致或从句主语是it，从句中谓语动词又包含be
44、动词时，常可以把从句中的主语和be动词一起省略。例句：When (they were) first introduced to the market,these products enjoyed great success.当首批产品投放市场后，它们收到了良好的效果。Ill lend you one if (it is) necessary.如果有必要，我可以借给你一个。在由than,as引导的比较状语从句中，在不造成误解的前提下，任何成分都可能省略。例句：I love you better than he (loves you).我比他爱你。You hate him as much as I
45、 (hate him).我同你一样讨厌他。知识要点知识要点d.在think,expect,hope,believe,guess,imagine,be afraid,suppose后，常用so或not代替从句，作简略的肯定或否定回答。例句：Is it going to rain?天要下雨吗？I guess so./I hope not.我想是这样。/我不希望下。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】I really dont think Tony will be upset，but I will go and see him in case he _ .A.isB.has beenC.will b
46、eD.does【解析解析】该题不但考查句子的省略，而且还考查了句子中的动词时态。in case连接的从句，表示条件，必须使用一般现在时或一般过去时，故首先排除选项B、C。根据句意，从句部分省略了is upset，故用is来代替与前面相同的内容。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点Whats the matter with John？He didnt pass the test but he still _ .A.hopes soB.hopes toC.hopes itD.hopes that【解析解析】该题后一分句中用作宾语的不定式的内容与前一分句相同，这时，常用不定式符号to来代替。该题完整句子应
47、为.but he still hopes to pass the test.。【答案答案】B知识要点知识要点How are you getting on with your English?Oh,great.Things are going as well as _ .A.plansB.planningC.plannedD.to plan【解析解析】考查非谓语动词。as well as planned意思是“如计划的那样”，相当于as well as they are planned。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要点When _ the street,please be careful.A.crossB.crossedC.crossingD.to cross【解析解析】考查状语从句中的省略，补全后应为When you are crossing the street.，故C项正确。【答案答案】CThank you !同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全
