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1、NEVER GIVE IN, NEVER, NEVER, NEVERUnit 1Unit 1NEVER GIVE IN, NEVER, NEVER, NEVERUnit1World War II, or the Second World War, the most widespread war in history, lasted from 1939 to 1945 and involved most of the worlds nations which formed two opposing military alliances, the Allies and the Axis. Cult
2、ural information 1Cultural informationThe war began on 1 September, 1939, with the invasion of Poland by Germany and Slovakia, and subsequent declarations of war on Germany by France and most of the countries of the British Empire and Commonwealth. From late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campai
3、gns and treaties, Germany conquered or subdued much of continental Europe. Britain and the Commonwealth remained the only major force continuing the fight against the Axis in North Africa and in extensive naval warfare. Churchills speech at Harrow as was adapted in the text was delivered in this his
4、torical context. Cultural information 2Audiovisual supplementCultural informationWinston Churchill Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill (30 November 1874 24 January 1965) was a British politician and statesman known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War (WWII) and his
5、 success in leading his country from the brink of defeat to victory. He served as Prime Minister twice (1940 1945 and 1951 1955) and is widely regarded as one of the great wartime leaders. He is a noted statesman and orator, historian, writer, and an artist. To date, he is the only British prime min
6、ister to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature, and the first person to have been recognized as an honorary citizen of the United States.Cultural information 3Audiovisual supplementCultural information Winston Churchill was born to an aristocratic family, with renowned ancestors and a politici
7、an father. As a prolific writer, he wrote a novel, two biographies, three volumes of memoirs, and several histories in addition to his many newspaper articles. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1953 “for hisCultural information4mastery of historical and biographical description as well
8、 as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values”.Audiovisual supplementCultural informationStructural analysis This text is an inspiring speech made by Winston Churchill, Great Britains then Prime Minister, when he visited Harrow School on 29 October, 1941. The whole speech can be divide
9、d into three parts.Part I (Paragraph 1): Some opening remarks, in which Churchill summarized the events that had happened since his last visit to Harrow. Rhetorical featuresStructural analysisPart II (Paragraphs 2 5): The body of the speech, in which Churchill drew the lessons to be learned from the
10、 past year. Structural analysisRhetorical featuresStructural analysisPart III (Paragraphs 6 8): The concluding part, in which, by changing a word in the additional verse of the school song, Churchill expressed his conviction that the entire nation was blessed with the chance to display its courage t
11、o the full in what was, as he elsewhere put it, its finest hour. Rhetorical Features 1 As a representative piece of oration by the great orator Churchill, this speech was made eloquent and encouraging by employing many rhetorical devices. With generally short (in length) and simple (in structure) se
12、ntences, the message conveyed by the speech was highlighted by constant repetition, e.g. “Never, Never, Never” in the title, and strengthened by the use of antonyms, e.g. “ups/downs” and “short/long”.Rhetorical featuresStructural analysisPractice: Find more examples of repetition and pairs of antony
13、ms in the speech.Detailed reading 1Detailed readingNEVER GIVE IN, NEVER, NEVER, NEVERWinston Churchill 1 Almost a year has passed since I came down here at your Head Masters kind invitation in order to cheer myself and cheer the hearts of a few of my friends by singing some of our own songs. The ten
14、 months that have passed have seen very terrible catastrophic events in the world ups and downs, misfortunes but can anyone sitting here this afternoon, this October afternoon, not feel deeply thankful for what has happened in the time that has passed and for the very great improvement in the positi
15、on of our country and of our home? Why, when I was here last time we were quite alone, desperately alone, and we had been so for fiveDetailed reading 2Detailed readingor six months. We were poorly armed. We are not so poorly armed today; but then we were very poorly armed. We had the unmeasured mena
16、ce of the enemy and their air attack still beating upon us, and you yourselves had had experience of this attack; and I expect you are beginning to feel impatient that there has been this long lull with nothing particular turning up!2 But we must learn to be equally good at what is short and sharp a
17、nd what is long and tough. It is generally said that the British are often better at the last. They do not expect to move from crisis to crisis; they do not always expect that each day will bring up some noble chance of war; but when they very slowly make up their minds that the thing has to be done
18、 and the job put through and finished, then, even if it takes months if it takes years they do it.Detailed reading3-43 Another lesson I think we may take, just throwing our minds back to our meeting here ten months ago and now, is that appearances are often very deceptive, and as Kipling well says,
19、we must “ meet with Triumph and Disaster. And treat those two impostors just the same.”4 You cannot tell from appearances how things will go. Sometimes imagination makes things out far worse than they are; yet without imagination not much can be done. Those people who are imaginative see many more d
20、angers than perhaps exist; certainly many more will happen; but then they must also pray to be given that extra courage to carry this far-reaching imagination. But for everyone, surely, what we have gone through in this period I am addressing Detailed readingDetailed reading4myself to the school sur
21、ely from this period of ten months this is the lesson: never give in, never give in, never, never, never, never in nothing, great or small, large or petty never give in except to convictions of honour and good sense. Never yield to force; never yield to the apparently overwhelming might of the enemy
22、. We stood all alone a year ago, and to many countries it seemed that our account was closed, we were finished. All this tradition of ours, our songs, our school history, this part of the history of this country, were gone and finished and liquidated.Detailed readingDetailed reading5-65 Very differe
23、nt is the mood today. Britain, other nations thought, had drawn a sponge across her slate. But instead our country stood in the gap. There was no flinching and no thought of giving in; and by what seemed almost a miracle to those outside these islands, though we ourselves never doubted it, we now fi
24、nd ourselves in a position where I say that we can be sure that we have only to persevere to conquer.6 You sang here a verse of a school song: you sang that extra verse written in my honour, which I was very greatly complimented by and which you have repeated today. But there is one word in it I wan
25、t to alter I wanted to do so last year, but I did not venture to. It is the line: “Not less we praise in darker days.”Detailed readingDetailed reading7-87 I have obtained the Head Masters permission to alter darker to sterner. “Not less we praise in sterner days.”8 Do not let us speak of darker days
26、: let us speak rather of sterner days. These are not dark days; these are great days the greatest days our country has ever lived; and we must all thank God that we have been allowed, each of us according to our stations, to play a part in making these days memorable in the history of our race. Deta
27、iled readingWhat was the difference between the present situation and the situation when Churchill came to Harrow School ten months ago? (Paragraph 1)Detailed reading1-QuesionTen months ago, Britain was poorly armed, fighting alone, and faced with unmeasured menace of the enemy. Now, Britain was not
28、 that poorly armed, and the situation was improving.Detailed readingWhat did Churchill mean by saying “we must learn to be equally good at what is short and sharp and what is long and tough”? (Paragraph 2)Detailed reading2-QuesionBy saying this he meant to make his audience fully aware that they sho
29、uld not only be able to fight and win short and quick battles but also be ready to fight and win hard and enduring wars.Detailed readingWhat lesson had they learnt? (Paragraphs 3 4)Detailed reading3-4-QuesionThe lesson learnt throughout the past ten months was that one should not be deceived by appe
30、arances and should never give in to the apparently overwhelming might of the enemy. With a combination of imagination and courage, the British people could overcome any kind of difficulties and smash any attack of the enemy.Detailed readingWhy did Churchill replace the word darker with sterner? (Par
31、agraphs 7 8)Detailed reading7-8-QuesionBecause he had a strong conviction of victory. The word darker carries a pessimistic tone, for it usually indicates “a period of unpleasant and frightening time” and implies hopelessness in a difficult period. But the word sterner, although it has the identical
32、 referent, suggests a time that is testing, but testing in a way that offers the British the opportunity to display their courage to the full.Detailed readingDetailed reading8 ActivityGroup discussions Topic A: How does the speaker Churchill impress you in the speech? Does it contribute to your unde
33、rstanding of the WWII?Topic B: Have you learned anything from Churchills oration about making a powerful speech? Detailed readingat your Head Masters kind invitationat: in response toDetailed reading1 at your Head Masters kind invitation 1e.g.A meeting was arranged at the ambassadors request.At my s
34、uggestion, Mrs. Carey wrote to her former employer.Collocations:at ones invitation/request/suggestion, etc.Detailed readingTranslation:应胡锦涛主席之邀，美国总统将对中国进行国事访问。应胡锦涛主席之邀，美国总统将对中国进行国事访问。At the invitation of President Hu Jintao, President of the United States will pay a state visit to China._catastrophi
35、c: a. involving or causing sudden great damage or sufferingDetailed reading1 catastrophicSynonym:disastrousDetailed readingCollocations:catastrophic floods/losses/effects/resultsDerivation:catastrophe n. Detailed reading1- ups and downsups and downs: a mixture of good things and bad thingse.g. Sitti
36、ng beside the window, he recalled the ups and downs of his parenthood.Detailed readingTranslation:从从1999年建立以来，公司历经盛衰浮沉。年建立以来，公司历经盛衰浮沉。The organization has experienced its ups and downs since it was founded in 1999._Detailed reading1- positionposition: situation at a particular time Synonym:situation
37、Detailed readinge.g. It is time those companies revealed more about their financial position.Their soccer team is going to be in a very difficult position if nothing particular shows up.Detailed reading2- throwing our throwing our minds back to our meeting here ten months ago: recollecting our meeti
38、ng at Harrow School ten months agoe.g.Please throw your mind back to 1945, when people all over the world were engaged in a great war against the Fascists.Detailed readingDetailed reading3- meet withmeet with: experience; undergoDetailed readinge.g.Attempts to find civilian volunteers have met with
39、embarrassing failure. Efforts to put the Russian space programme into market have met with little success. She was worried that he might have met with an accident.Detailed reading3- imagination . imagination makes things out far worse .: . what one imagines tends to be worse than reality .e.g. How d
40、o you make that out (= what are your reasons for thinking that)? + wh- I cant make out what she wants.Detailed readingmake out: see or understand Paraphrase:I cant make out how to put it back. I dont know/understand how to put it back._Detailed reading3- far-reachingfar-reaching: a. having important
41、 and widely applicable effects or implications e.g. The consequences of the decision will be far-reaching.They decided to carry on far-reaching constitutional reforms.Collocations:far-reaching consequences/implications/changes/reformsDetailed readingconviction: n. Detailed reading5 convictione.g. Sh
42、e was motivated by deep religious convictions. In face of difficulty, he held a conviction that all would be well in the end. Detailed reading(1) a strong opinion or belief (2) U the feeling or appearance of believing sth. strongly or of being sure about ite.g. He said he agreed but his voice lacked
43、 conviction. The leaders speech in defense of the policy didnt carry much conviction.Collocations: political/moral convictionsnever give in or surrender to the seemingly strong enemynever yield to the apparently overwhelming might of the enemy_Detailed reading5yieldDetailed readingyield: v. yield (t
44、o sth./sb.): (formal or literary) give up control (of)e.g. After a long siege, the town was forced to yield. He reluctantly yielded to their demands. If the newly founded regime does not yield, it should face sufficient military force to ensure its certain defeat.I yielded to temptation and had a ch
45、ocolate bar.Synonym: surrenderParaphrase:Detailed reading5overwhelming The evidence against him was overwhelming. She had the almost overwhelming desire to tell him the truth. e.g.Detailed readingoverwhelming: a. very great in amount Derivation: overwhelm: v. defeat or make powerless (usu. a group o
46、f people) by much greater force of numbers; e.g. to overwhelm the opposing armyTranslation:压倒性的大多数表决反对这个提议。压倒性的大多数表决反对这个提议。An overwhelming majority voted against the proposal._Detailed reading6 persevereDetailed readingpersevere: v. continue in a course of action even in the face of difficulty or wi
47、th little or no indication of successCollocations:persevere (in sth. / in doing sth.); persevere (with sth./sb.)Despite a number of setbacks, they persevered in their attempts to fly around the world in a balloon. She persevered with her violin lessons.e.g.Derivations: persevering a.; perseverance n
48、.Detailed reading7 compliment 1compliment: v. politely congratulate or praise (sb.) for sth.e.g. She complimented him on his excellent German.Detailed readingCollocation:compliment sb. (on sth.) These words have similar spellings but completely different meanings. If you compliment someone, you say
49、something very nice to them. If one thing complements another, the two things work or look better because they are together. Comparison: compliment & complement Detailed reading7 compliment 2A. The different flavors each other perfectly. B. She me on my English. complement_Detailed readingcompliment
50、ed_Blank filling:Detailed reading8 venture to do sthCollocations:venture sth.; venture to do sth.; venture + speech; venture that Detailed readingventure to do sth.: be brave enough to say sth.e.g. She hardly dared to venture an opinion.She would never venture to ask for a raise.“And if I say no?” s
51、he ventured. Translation:我小心翼翼地说她可能犯了个错误。我小心翼翼地说她可能犯了个错误。I ventured to suggest that she might have made a mistake. _Detailed reading1 you are beginning you are beginning to feel impatient that there has been this long lull (Paragraph 1)Paraphrase:You are beginning to be anxious because there has bee
52、n no progress of the war in such a long quiet period.Detailed readingDetailed reading3 appearances appearances are often very deceptive (Paragraph 3)Paraphrase:Surface phenomena tend to be misleading.Detailed readingDetailed reading3 but then but then they must also pray to be given that extra coura
53、ge to carry this far-reaching imagination. (Paragraph 4)Paraphrase:They wish to be equipped with excessive courage to accomplish or realize this effective and influential blueprint. Detailed readingDetailed reading10. our account . our account was closed . (Paragraph 4)Rhetorical device and explanat
54、ion:Here the author uses a metaphor of “opening/closing a bank account” to mean that Britain is regarded by many as doomed and completely defeated by the enemy. The word “liquidated” in the next sentence implies the same. Originally, it means to close a business and sell everything it owns, usually
55、in order to pay money that is owed. Detailed readingDetailed reading11 Britain other Britain, other nations thought, had drawn a sponge across her slate. But instead our country stood in the gap. (Paragraph 5)Explanation:This sentence uses metaphor for rhetorical effects. It means that, although it
56、was believed our country had been virtually wiped out, we were in fact still holding out and shouldered the responsibility in isolation.draw a sponge across her slate: a metaphor, meaning to completely wipe outstand in the gap: to expose ones self for the protection of sth., take the place of a fall
57、en defender Detailed readingAt the critical moment of world economic recession, a powerful government is needed to stand in the gap.e.g.Detailed reading11 we have only . we have only to persevere to conquer. (Paragraph 5)Paraphrase:We have no choice but to hold on until victory comes.Detailed readin
58、gTranslation:我们别无选择，只有坚持不懈，直到胜利。我们别无选择，只有坚持不懈，直到胜利。Consolidation Activities- Vocabulary mainPhrase practice Word derivationSynonym / AntonymVocabularyTranslation GrammarConsolidation Activities-Phrase practice 11) She wouldnt want to them the suffering of a huge ceremony.VocabularyTranslation Integr
59、ated skillsOral activitiesGrammarput2) The famous orator the public to promote his newly published book. addressed himself to _3) At that time, South Africa a period of big events as the Blacks fought for equality.was going through _through _WritingFill in the blank(s) in each sentence with a word o
60、r phrase from the text in its appropriate form.Consolidation Activities- put sb. through sth.VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesGrammare.g. 你最近让你的家人受了不少苦。你最近让你的家人受了不少苦。You have put your family through a lot recently.put sb. through sth.: make sb. experience sth. very difficult or
61、unpleasantWritingConsolidation Activities- address oneself toVocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesGrammare.g. 我们必须要致力于解决交通污染问题。我们必须要致力于解决交通污染问题。We must address ourselves to the problem of traffic pollution.address oneself to: (formal) think about a problem or a situation and decide
62、how you are going to deal with itWritingConsolidation Activities- go throughVocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesGrammare.g. 我钦佩她经历了那么多苦难以后，依然这样开朗快乐。我钦佩她经历了那么多苦难以后，依然这样开朗快乐。I admire the way shes still so cheerful after all shes gone through.go through: experience or suffer sth.Writi
63、ngConsolidation Activities- Word derivation 1.1VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesGrammar1) catastrophe n. catastrophic a. catastrophically ad.e.g.那场地震是个大灾难，夺去了许多人的生命。那场地震是个大灾难，夺去了许多人的生命。战争的灾难性后果很快显现出来。战争的灾难性后果很快显现出来。关键时刻，预警系统灾难性地崩溃了。关键时刻，预警系统灾难性地崩溃了。The earthquake was a major cat
64、astrophe, causing heavy loss of life.The catastrophic consequences of the war soon unfolded.The Warning System catastrophically collapsed at that critical moment.WritingConsolidation Activities- Word derivation 1.2VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesGrammar2) deceive v. deceptive a
65、. deceptively ad. deception n. e.g.他们骗她在文件上签了字。他们骗她在文件上签了字。外表往往是靠不住的。外表往往是靠不住的。房子从外面看起来很小（实际上很大）。房子从外面看起来很小（实际上很大）。他通过欺骗手段获取了那份资产。他通过欺骗手段获取了那份资产。They deceived her into signing the paper. Appearances can often be deceptive.The house looks deceptively small from the outside.He obtained that property b
66、y deception. WritingConsolidation Activities- Word derivation 1.3VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesGrammar3) convict v. conviction n.e.g. 他被判犯有他被判犯有谋杀罪。罪。她是一个道德信念坚定的女子。她是一个道德信念坚定的女子。He was convicted of murder.She is a woman of strong moral convictions.WritingConsolidation Activit
67、ies- Word derivation 1.4VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesGrammar4) apparent a. apparently ad.e.g.今今年年的的利利润润表表面面上上有有所所增增加加，是是因因为为出出售售了了公公司司的的一一部分财产。部分财产。看来他们要提高电费了。看来他们要提高电费了。The apparent improvement in this years profits is due to the selling off of some of the companys property
68、.Apparently, they are intending to put up the price of electricity.WritingConsolidation Activities- Word derivation 1.5VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesGrammar5) persevere v. persevering a. perseverance n.e.g. 如果你把工作坚持下去，最终会取得成功的。如果你把工作坚持下去，最终会取得成功的。玛丽是一位锲而不舍的学生。玛丽是一位锲而不舍的学生。他学得
69、慢，但面对困难却表现出坚忍不拔的毅力。他学得慢，但面对困难却表现出坚忍不拔的毅力。If you persevere with your work, you will succeed in the end.Mary is a persevering student.He is slow to learn, but shows great perseverance in the face of difficulty.WritingConsolidation Activities- Word derivation 1.6VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsO
70、ral activitiesGrammar6) desperate a. desperately ad. desperation n.e.g. 国家正遭受严重的食物短缺。国家正遭受严重的食物短缺。因为缺乏食物，他病得奄奄一息。因为缺乏食物，他病得奄奄一息。他不顾一切地拼命踢门，企图逃出去。他不顾一切地拼命踢门，企图逃出去。The country is suffering from a desperate shortage of food.Due to the lack of food, he became desperately ill.In desperation, he kicked at
71、 the door, hoping to escape.WritingConsolidation Activities- Word derivation 1.7VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesGrammar7) flinch v. flinching a. Ant. unflinching a. unflinchingly ad.e.g. 看到血，他畏缩了。看到血，他畏缩了。在最艰难的时期，她忠贞不移地陪伴着他。在最艰难的时期，她忠贞不移地陪伴着他。他毫不畏惧地直面我的注视。他毫不畏惧地直面我的注视。He flinch
72、ed at the sight of blood.In the hardest time, she accompanied him with unflinching loyalty.He met my gaze unflinchingly.WritingConsolidation Activities- Word derivation 1.8VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesGrammar8) courage n. courageous a. encourage v. encouraging a.e.g.她听到这个坏消息
73、时，表现出了非凡的勇气。她听到这个坏消息时，表现出了非凡的勇气。你坦白承认自己的错误，真是勇敢。你坦白承认自己的错误，真是勇敢。你应该鼓励她去追逐自己的梦想，而不应该将你自己的你应该鼓励她去追逐自己的梦想，而不应该将你自己的想法强加于她。想法强加于她。最近的贸易数字非常令人鼓舞。最近的贸易数字非常令人鼓舞。She showed remarkable courage when she heard the bad news.It was courageous of you to frankly admit your mistake.You should encourage her in pursu
74、it of her dreams, instead of imposing your own thoughts upon her.The latest trade figures are very encouraging.Writinghappy, successfulConsolidation Activities- Synonym / Antonym11. We had the unmeasured menace of the enemy.Synonym: threat, danger2. The ten months that have passed have seen very ter
75、rible catastrophic events in the world ups and downs.Antonym: VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesGrammarWritingConsolidation Activities- Synonym / Antonym23. , each of us according to our stations, to play a part in making these days memorable in the history of our race.Synonyms:
76、position4. Never yield to force; never yield to the apparently overwhelming might of the enemy.Synonym:seeminglyVocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesGrammarWritingConsolidation Activities- Synonym / Antonym35. As Kipling well says, we must “ meet with Triumph and Disaster. And treat
77、 those two imposters just the same.”Antonym:defeat, failure6. There was no flinching and no thought of giving in.Synonym:retreat, shrink, withdrawVocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesGrammarWritingConsolidation Activities- Synonym / Antonym48. All this tradition of ours, our songs,
78、our school history, this part of the history of this country, were gone and finished and liquidated.Synonym:destroyVocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesGrammarWriting7. You sang that extra verse written in my honour, which I was very greatly complimented by.Synonym: praise, commend,
79、 laudConsolidation Activities- Grammar mainVocabularyGrammarTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesCoordinationTenseWritingConsolidation Activities- Grammar1.1Coordination A coordinate construction is a sequence of semantically-related grammatical units that are similar in form, equal in rank o
80、f structure, identical in function and are connected by coordinators such as “and”, “or”, and “but”. The coordinate construction can be a sequence of coordinated words, phrases, or clauses. When two or more independent clauses are coordinated, they form a compound sentence.VocabularyGrammarTranslati
81、on Integrated skillsOral activitiesFor example:triumph and disaster (coordinated words)large or petty (coordinated words)with strength but without confidence (coordinated phrases)The children can go with us, or they can stay at home. (coordinated clauses / compound sentence)WritingConsolidation Acti
82、vities- Grammar1.2VocabularyGrammarTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesPractice: 1. Combine the sentences in each of the following groups into one sentence, using parallel constructions (coordination) wherever possible.A. Tom speaks Chinese fluently. B. He cant write in it.Tom speaks Chinese
83、 fluently, but he cant write in it.A.I have nothing to offer.B. I can offer blood.C. I can offer toil.D. I can offer tears.E. I can offer sweat. I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.WritingConsolidation Activities- Grammar1.3VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesG
84、rammarA. Ruel went into the forest. B. Cameron went into the forest too.C. They collected a lot of insect specimens.Ruel and Cameron went into the forest and collected a lot of insect specimens.A. No matter how you measure it, education is the largest “industry” in the nation.B. You can measure it i
85、n terms of dollars spent. C. You can measure it in terms of people involved.Education is the largest “industry” in the nation either in terms of dollars spent or in terms of people involved.WritingConsolidation Activities- Grammar1.4VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesGrammar2. Imp
86、rove the following sentences.1) Marian could not decide whether she should start college right after high school or to get a job first.Marian could not decide whether to start college right after high school or to get a job first.2) The requirements for a chemistry degree are not as strict as a medi
87、cal degree.The requirements for a chemistry degree are not as strict as the requirements/those for a medical degree.3) Either he is an absolute coward or a fool.He is either an absolute coward or a fool.WritingConsolidation Activities- Grammar1.5VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activities
88、Grammar4) The students are not only organizing social activities, but also are interested in political questions.The students are not only organizing social activities, but also showing an interest in political questions.WritingConsolidation Activities- Grammar2.1VocabularyTranslation Integrated ski
89、llsOral activitiesGrammarTense Tense is a grammatical form associated with verbs that tells of the distinctions of time. English verbs have three tenses: the past, the present and the future tenses. Tenses often combine with aspects (the progressive aspect for incomplete actions and the perfective a
90、spect for complete actions) in daily expressions.For example:She plays the piano very well. (simple present)She played the piano very well when she was young. (simple past)She will play the piano later. (simple future)She was playing the piano at 6 pm. (past progressive)She has been playing the pian
91、o since 6 pm. (present perfective progressive)Writing4. Several times the train (take) me nearly two hours to get home whereas in normal conditions it (take) me half the time. Consolidation Activities- Grammar2.2VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesGrammarPractice1. I will make sure
92、 that everything (be) in order.Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs given. is_2. Mr. Smith (step) into his office, (sit) down and (begin) to fill in the forms.stepped_sat_began_3. Trains (run) very badly since the railway staff (begin) a “go-slow” last month. have run / have been r
93、unning_has taken_began_takes_WritingConsolidation Activities- Translation11. 我安排他们在小酒吧见面，但那个小伙子一直都没有来。我安排他们在小酒吧见面，但那个小伙子一直都没有来。(turn up)If sb. turns up, he or she arrives or makes his or her appearance.VocabularyGrammarTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesTranslate the following sentences int
94、o English.I had arranged for them to meet each other at the pub, but the young man never turned up.WritingConsolidation Activities- Translation2Practice： 她什么事情都迟到。她什么事情都迟到。她儿子已经失踪五年了，她还在期望儿子有一天会出现。她儿子已经失踪五年了，她还在期望儿子有一天会出现。VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesGrammarShe turns up late
95、 for everything.It had been five years since her son disappeared, but she still hoped her son would turn up one day.WritingConsolidation Activities- Translation32. 你无法仅凭表象判断形势是否会变得对我们不利。你无法仅凭表象判断形势是否会变得对我们不利。(tell from appearance)VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesGrammarIf you tell from appearance, you are making judgment from the outside qualities or the way a person or thing looks to other people, which can be wrong.You cannot tell merely from appearances whether things will turn out unfavourable to us or not.Writing
