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1、初中定语从句讲解 育才学校育才学校 吴海霞吴海霞Match the two sentences1.Im reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates. _2.He is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese._ 3.I dont like the man. He is smoking._4.Where is the picture? You bought it last week._ Im reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.He is a teac
2、her who/ that teaches us Chinese.I dont like the man who is smoking.Where is the picture that you bought last week?什么是定语从句呢？什么是定语从句呢？答案：修饰前面某一名词或代词答案：修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。的从句叫定语从句。结构：结构： 先行词先行词 + 关系词关系词 + 句子句子 定语从句定语从句：由一个句子充当定语由一个句子充当定语从句的位置：从句的位置：在名词或代词后在名词或代词后先先 行行 词词： 被定语从句修饰的词被定语从句修饰的词引引 导导 词词：引
3、导定语从句的词引导定语从句的词 关系代词关系代词 关系副词关系副词 引导词的作用引导词的作用: (1)引导定语从句引导定语从句 (2)在从句中作一成份在从句中作一成份 (3)代替先行词在从句中的位代替先行词在从句中的位置置 The man who lives next to us is a policeman.先行词先行词_ 关系词关系词_ 定语从句定语从句先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句Mary is a girl who has long hair.关系关系代词代词关系副词关系副词which, who, whom, whose, thatWhere, when关系词关系词关系代词关
4、系代词: that, which, who, whom, whose关系副词关系副词: when, where, why关系代词：关系代词： 指物：指物：that which 指人：指人：who (主主/宾格宾格) that whom（宾格）（宾格） 关系词关系词判判 断断 步步 骤骤 :v 首先，要看先行词。首先，要看先行词。 如果先行词是指人如果先行词是指人,关系代词关系代词 可用可用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物如果先行词指物,关系关系 代词可用代词可用which或或that;v 然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下
5、表先行词先行词 主主语语 宾宾语语 所有格所有格 人人who,thatwho(m),that whose 物物which,thatwhich,thatwhose, of which关系代词用法关系代词用法 关系代关系代词 指代指代 在从句中在从句中 的作用的作用 that which who whom whose(=of which)人物人物 主宾主宾 主宾主宾 主宾主宾 宾宾 定定 人人 人人人物人物 物物 关系代词关系代词that, which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句: 如果如果先行词先行词是表示物的是表示物的名词或代词名词或代词，关系，关系代词应用代词应用that、which. (作
6、作主语主语或或宾语宾语)Which house is mine? ?房顶是棕色的房子是我的。The house is mine.whose roof is brownMy houseThis is a dream.The dream will never come true.This is a dream which/that will never come true.The dog has been found.The dog was lost.The dog which was lost has been found.Practise: 1.This is the house which
7、is for sale.2. The book which is lying on the floor is mine.which / that 作主语作主语. (不能省不能省)（作主语）（作主语）which / that 作宾语作宾语 ： （可省略）可省略）This is the card.Ive just received the card.This is the card which / that Ive just received.Practise:1.This is the mistake which /that I always make.2. I still keep the l
8、etters which she wrote to me.3. I lost the pen which my father bought me.( ) （作宾语）（作宾语）关系代词关系代词who, that, whom引导的定语从引导的定语从句句: 如果如果先行词先行词是表示人的名词或代词，是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用关系代词应用who, that (作作主语主语或或宾语宾语)whom (作作宾语宾语)who / that 作主语作主语. (不能省不能省)This is the film star.The film star is very popular in China.This
9、is the film star who is very popular in China. (作主语作主语)1.The boy who broke the window is called Roy.2. Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting yesterday?3. The girl who is watering the flowers is my cousin./ thatwho / whom / that 作宾语：作宾语：( 可省略可省略)The man is a famous writer. He described the man
10、 just now.The man ( who/ whom/ that ) he described just now is a famous writer. (作宾语）作宾语）1.The boy who(m) I m looking for is my friend.2. The thief has been sent to prison. The police caught the thief last night. The thief whom the police caught last night has been sent to prison.小结：小结：that 既可指人，也可指
11、物，作主语，既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。which指物，作主语，不能省略；作指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略宾语，可以省略. who 指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略可以省略,（常用（常用whom）注注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。有时只能用有时只能用 that , 不用不用 which, 常见的情况有六种：常见的情况有六种：1.当先行词是当先行词是 all, any, few, littl
12、e, none, anything, everything, nothing , everybody,nobody, everyone, no one 或被它们修饰时。或被它们修饰时。 Thats all that I know. Is there anything that I can do for you? He answered few questions that the teacher asked.2. 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 That is the most interesting book that I have ever rea
13、d.The first thing that I should do is to review my lessons.3. 当先行词有当先行词有the very, the only, the same,the last等修饰时。等修饰时。Thats the only thing that I can do now.These are the very words that he used.4. 当主句以当主句以 who 或或 which开头时，定语从句的开头时，定语从句的关系词用关系词用 that, 而不用而不用 which 或或 who.Who is the girl that spoke
14、to you just now?Which is the pen that you lost ?5. 先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.只能用that 的情况：1先行词被最高级 、序数词修饰时； 2先行词有all, only, very, last, few, little, much, none, some, any, every, no 等修饰时； 3先行词是all, anything, everything, someth
15、ing, nothing 时；4 先行词既有人, 又有物；5 由who和which提问的句子；6 主句是There be 结构时.只能用which的情况：1.介词提到关系代词前The city in which she lives is far away.The city whichthat she lives in is far away.2.引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句I am reading Harry Porter, which is an interesting book.3.整个句子是先行词，从句前面往往有逗号。整个句子是先行词，从句前面往往有逗号。He failed
16、in the exam, which made his parents angry.注注: who、that在指人可以通用，但下列在指人可以通用，但下列宜用宜用 who,禁禁用用that 1).先行词是先行词是anyone, someone, those时，关系词使用时，关系词使用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. Is there anyone who wants to go there? 2).在在there be 句型中，先行词指人句型中，先行词指人,关系关系词用词用who There is an old ma
17、n who wants to see you. There are many young men who are against him.whose 作定语作定语,表示所属关系。表示所属关系。 The boy is my classmate. The boys father is a policeman.The boy whose father is a policeman is my classmate.A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan( 孤儿孤儿).A. who B. whose C. whos D. which 例句赏析例句赏析
18、Its an invention which /that is used for keeping off the rain .飘飘Its a book that/which was written by Margaret Mitchell. Gone with the windIts the Wall that /which was built by Chinese people.Its an animal that/which.Its an animal that / which has big nose.Exercise 1 :用关系代词填空用关系代词填空1.The boy _ is pl
19、aying ping-pong is my classmate.2.The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.3.I hate people _ talk much but do little.4.The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.who / thatwhich/ thatwho / thatwhich / that5. The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.6. Is there a student _
20、father is a business man?7. This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years.8.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.whosewhosewhich that当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.Exercise 2. 1.My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things _ they couldnt remember.2
21、.Say all _ you know.3.Is there anything _ I can do for you?thatthatthat当先行词是something, anything, nothing, all 等词时，关系代词只能用that.4.This is the first play _ I have seen since I came here.5. This is the best novel _ I have read.thatthat当先行词被序数词，最高级序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.6.Who is the girl _is standing under the tree?7. Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.当主句是who或或which 引导的特殊疑问句引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.thatthat挑战高难度！挑战高难度！ 谢谢谢谢
