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1、 所谓的语气是指说话人对所指的动作或所谓的语气是指说话人对所指的动作或状态所持有的态度。状态所持有的态度。 和时态、语态一样，语气也是谓语动词的和时态、语态一样，语气也是谓语动词的一种形式，表明说话人讲话的一种形式，表明说话人讲话的目的目的和和意图意图。英语中有四种语气：陈述语气，疑问语气，英语中有四种语气：陈述语气，疑问语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。祈使语气和虚拟语气。语语 气气 MoodMood、陈述语气陈述语气：陈述一个动作或状态，表示所说的是：陈述一个动作或状态，表示所说的是事实。事实。There are two sides to every question.、疑问语气疑问语气：用来提出
2、问题，表示疑问。：用来提出问题，表示疑问。Is this your book?、祈使语气祈使语气：表示讲话人对对方的请求、命令、号：表示讲话人对对方的请求、命令、号召、劝告、警告、禁止等。召、劝告、警告、禁止等。Dont be late for class.Be seated, please.、虚拟语气虚拟语气：用来表示假设、愿望、建议、请求、：用来表示假设、愿望、建议、请求、命令、猜测、可能、空想等命令、猜测、可能、空想等非真实情况非真实情况。句中的谓语。句中的谓语动词需用一种特殊形式，称为虚拟语气。动词需用一种特殊形式，称为虚拟语气。虚拟语气面面观虚拟语气面面观Different face
3、s of the subjunctive mood条件从句条件从句主句主句动词一般过去式动词一般过去式（be常用常用were）would/should/could/might+动词原形动词原形If there were no subjunctive mood , English would be easier.If I had time to spare, I would come too.2. 表示与过去事实相反表示与过去事实相反条件从句条件从句主句主句had过去分词过去分词would/should/could/might +have doneIf he had been warned, h
4、e would not have taken that food.You didnt let me drive. If we had driven in turn, youwouldnt have got so tired.条件从句条件从句主句主句动词一般过去式动词一般过去式should/could +动词原形动词原形were to +动词原形动词原形would/should/could/might动词原形动词原形If I knew his address, I would send the letter to him.If you were to come tomorrow, I shoul
5、d ask you to helpme with my work.If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.条件从句条件从句主句主句与现在与现在事实相事实相反反动词一般过去式动词一般过去式 （be常用常用were）would/should/could/might+动词原形动词原形与过去与过去事实相事实相反反 had过去分词过去分词would/should/could/might +have done与将来与将来现实可现实可能相反能相反动词一般过去式动词一般过去式should/could +动词原形动词原形were to +动词原形动词原形
6、would/should/could/might动动词原形词原形Face 2: 虚拟语气在宾语从句中虚拟语气在宾语从句中wishI wish I were a bird.How I wish you had come to my birthday party.I wish I could try again. 现在现在 过去过去 将来将来 动词的过去式动词的过去式 be 通常用通常用were had过去分词过去分词 could/ would/ might+ 动词原形动词原形 2. would ratherId rather you went home now.I would rather yo
7、u had told me the truth.3. 用在用在suggest（建议）（建议）, advise,recommend, decide, require, request, demand, urge, propose, insist（坚持做）（坚持做）, command, order, ask, instruct（指示、命（指示、命令）令）, prefer等表示提议、要求、命令、意愿、等表示提议、要求、命令、意愿、决定等意义的动词的宾语从句中，常用决定等意义的动词的宾语从句中，常用“should动词原形动词原形”表示虚拟语气，表示虚拟语气，should常可省略。常可省略。nHe su
8、ggested that we should put the meeting off . nShe urged that he write and accept the post. nOur commander ordered that all the wounded soldiers should be sent to hospital at once. nShe asked that she should be sent to work in the countryside. nI propose that he go to the meeting instead of me. nHe i
9、nsisted that this matter be taken over at the meeting. 【注意注意】使用使用 insist, suggest 等动词时，一定要等动词时，一定要注意，它们之后的宾语从句的谓语动词有时用陈述注意，它们之后的宾语从句的谓语动词有时用陈述语气，有时用虚拟语气。当语气，有时用虚拟语气。当insist表示表示“坚持认为坚持认为” “坚持观点坚持观点”; suggest表示表示 “表示、暗示、表示、暗示、表明表明” 时时, 后接的宾语从句用陈述语气。后接的宾语从句用陈述语气。 例如：例如： I insisted that I was right. Her
10、 pale face suggests that she is not healthy. Face 3: 虚拟语气在表语从句虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中和同位语从句中 在在proposal, suggestion, order, requirement, desire, decision, advice, plan, necessity等名词后面的表语从句和同等名词后面的表语从句和同“位语从句中，可用位语从句中，可用(should)”动词原形动词原形表达虚拟语气。表达虚拟语气。His suggestion is that the meeting (should) be put off. H
11、e made the suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off. Face 4: 虚拟语气在主语从句中虚拟语气在主语从句中It +be + suggested/required/requested/ demanded/ that It is ordered that we (should) go at once.It has been instructed that the meeting (should) be put off.2. It +be+ necessary/ essential/ important/ impossible/
12、strange/natural/ a pity/ that带有一种情感带有一种情感(必要、适当、惊奇、遗憾等必要、适当、惊奇、遗憾等) “竟然会竟然会”，从句中的，从句中的should可以省略。可以省略。It is necessary that he (should) listen to the radio frequently.It is strange that he should not have learned English. It is strange that he should have no friends.It is a great pity that he should
13、be so careless. Face 5: 虚拟语气在状语从句中虚拟语气在状语从句中虚拟语气虚拟语气as if/as though在引导的方式在引导的方式状语从句中的用法状语从句中的用法The two strangers talked as if they had been friends for years.It seems as if it were spring.He spoke as though he had known it.2. 虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的用法虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的用法在在in case, for fear that, in order that, so
14、that引导引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词一般用的目的状语从句中，谓语动词一般用“should/could/might表达虚拟语气。表达虚拟语气。”动词原形动词原形In order that she could catch the train, she hurried through her work.I will not make a noise for fear that I might disturb you.Take the umbrella with you in case it should rain. Face 6: It is (high/about) time that 的虚
15、拟形式的虚拟形式在此结构中，从句中谓语动词用一般过去式或在此结构中，从句中谓语动词用一般过去式或should动词原形动词原形,但但should不省略，（不省略，（be动词多用动词多用were到到“）表达劝告或建议，意为）表达劝告或建议，意为。”做某事的时间了做某事的时间了It is (high) time that you studied hard.It is high time that you should study hard.It is about time that we ended the class.4. 错综时间条件句错综时间条件句有时主句和从句的谓语动词表示的动作在时有时主句
16、和从句的谓语动词表示的动作在时间上并不一致，这种条件句叫做混合条件句，间上并不一致，这种条件句叫做混合条件句，又成为错综时间条件句又成为错综时间条件句If the doctor hadnt come, the patient would be dead now.If he had studied harder, he would be able to answer the test questions now. Face 7: 含蓄条件句含蓄条件句非真实条件句中的条件从句有时并不直接表非真实条件句中的条件从句有时并不直接表示出来，只暗含在句子中，这种句子叫做含示出来，只暗含在句子中，这种句子叫
17、做含蓄条件句。具体分为以下几种：蓄条件句。具体分为以下几种：通过不定式短语表达条件通过不定式短语表达条件You would be a fool to refuse his offer. (=If you should refuse his offer, you would be a fool.)It would be a mistake not to help him.(=It would be a mistake if we did not help him.)B. 通过介词短语表达条件（通过介词短语表达条件（without, but for 要是没有要是没有）的话的话Without ele
18、ctricity, human life would be quite different today. (=If there were no electricity, ) But for the storm, I would have arrived much earlier. (=If it had not been for the storm, )通过连词通过连词otherwise, or, but, but that, though, once等表达条件等表达条件She came to town yesterday, otherwise/ or (=if she hadnt come)
19、 I would not have met her.Einstein cared little for money, though (=if he had cared for money) he could have been very rich.Once lost it would be hard to find.We should have come earlier, but that wehad an accident.( 暗含暗含if we hadnt had an accident)I could continue talking about this, but wemust go
20、on to the next topic.(暗含暗含if we didnt have to go on to the next topic)D. 通过分词短语表达条件通过分词短语表达条件Given more attention (=If they had been given more attention), the trees could have grown better.Supposing it should rain (=If it were to /should rain), we would still go.E.无词句来暗示条件无词句来暗示条件Such mistakes coul
21、d have been avoided.(暗示条件从句暗示条件从句if we had been more careful)It was so quiet, you could have heard a pin drop.(暗示条件从句暗示条件从句if it had dropped to the ground)You should have done it better.(暗示条件从句暗示条件从句if you had tried it harder)You might stay here forever.(你可以永远呆你可以永远呆在这儿在这儿. (暗含暗含if you wanted to)We
22、would have succeeded. 我们本来是会我们本来是会成功的成功的. (暗含暗含if we had kept trying)I would appreciate a little of your time.谢谢谢你给我一点时间吧谢你给我一点时间吧. (暗含暗含if you were so kind as to give me a little of your time.)Face 8: If 的省略的省略如果如果if条件从句的谓语动词含有条件从句的谓语动词含有were, had, should, 就可以省略连词就可以省略连词if，把，把were, had, should放在主语前
23、，构成倒装。放在主语前，构成倒装。如果如果if条件条件从句为否定式，倒装时从句为否定式，倒装时not要放在主语之后。要放在主语之后。Were I you ( =If I were you), I would do morepractice.Had you arrived (=If you had arrived) at the station ten minutes earlier, you could have caught the train.Should he come( =If he should come), tell him to ring me up.Had he not dru
24、nk alcohol ( =If he hadnt drunk alcohol), he wouldnt have had such an awful accident.Face 9: If only “”要是就好了要是就好了If only I were a bird.If only I could fly.If only I knew what to do.If only I had followed your advice. Face 10: 在祝愿的话语中，用动词原形在祝愿的话语中，用动词原形表示虚拟语气，表达强烈的愿望或祝愿等。表示虚拟语气，表达强烈的愿望或祝愿等。例如：例如： Lon
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