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1、高考总复习一轮用书英 语必修1Module 5 A Lesson in a Lab课程解读课程解读话题A Lesson in a Lab(一堂实验课）功能Using sequence(表达顺序）语法Degrees of comparison(比较等级）课程解读课程解读重点词汇及拓展1.contract vi.& n.收缩；（订）合约2.float vi.漂浮3.expand vi.膨胀expansion n.膨胀4.mixture n.混合物mix v.混合5.electricity n.电electrical adj.电的，和电有关的electric adj.发电的，用电的6.reactio
2、n n.反应react vi.反应7.equipment n.设备，装备equip vt.装置8.astonished adj.吃惊的；惊愕的astonishing adj.令人吃惊的astonish vt.惊讶，吃惊astonishment n.惊讶，惊奇9.aim n.& v.目标；以为目标aimless adj.漫无目的的10.balance n.天平；平衡balanced adj.平衡的重点短语1.react with与反应2.add .to往加入3.used to过去常常4.be proud of因而自豪5.be supposed to理应；应该6.put.in order 使整齐；
3、使有条理7.keep . out of 防止进入；不让靠近重点句型1.It is hard to think of a world without metals.很难想象一个没有金属的世界。2.Here is a table with the metals that react most at the top，and the metals that react least at the bottom.这儿有一个图表，那些反应最强烈的金属在上部，反应最不强烈的在下部。3.The closer you are,the more youll see.你靠得越近，你看到的就越多。知识要点知识要点要点一
4、 单词1. exist vi. 存在；生存（无被动式和进行时）归纳拓展（1）There exists/existed.某地有；存在exist in在于exist on=live on靠生活/生存（2）existence n.存在；生存be in existence存在come into existence开始产生，成立bring into existence使产生（3）existent adj.存在的；现行的知识要点知识要点例句：We cant exist without food or water.没有食物和水我们就不能生存。I can hardly exist on the wage th
5、at Im getting.我靠我挣的工资简直难以糊口。When did the world come into existence？世界是什么时候开始存在的？知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】He doesnt believe in the _ of God.A.lifeB.existC.existenceD.exhibition【解析解析】句意为：他不相信有上帝的存在。life“生命”；exist (v.)“存在，生存”；existence（n.）“存在”；exhibition“展览”。根据句意选C。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要点As everyone knows,since the C
6、ommunist Party of China _ in 1921,great changes have taken place in China.A.came into effectB.came into existC.came into existenceD.came into power【解析解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意为：众所周知，自从1921年中国共产党成立后，中国发生了巨大的变化。come into existence“开始产生，成立”，符合题意。come into effect“生效，执行”；come into exist短语本身错误；come into power“上台，掌权”
7、。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要点2. conclusion n .结论，决定；结束，结局；协定，协议结论，决定；结束，结局；协定，协议归纳拓展（1）come to/arrive at/reach/draw a conclusion得出结论make a conclusion下结论bring.to a conclusion使结束in conclusion总而言之；最后（2）conclude v.结束，断定，推断出conclude sth. (from sth.)(from sth.) that 推断，断定出to conclude 最后（一句话）知识要点知识要点例句：Ive come to the
8、conclusion that hes not the right person for the job.我断定他不适合做这项工作。In conclusion, I would like to thank you for your coming to the meeting.最后，我对各位出席这次会议表示感谢。After waiting for half an hour, I concluded that he wouldnt come at all.等了半个小时后，我得出结论，他不会来了。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】The _, I think，he drew from his si
9、mple experiment is not scientific.A.conclusionB.chargeC.promiseD.relation【解析解析】考查名词区别及动词搭配。这里考查draw a conclusion“得出结论”这一固定短语，此题中conclusion提前了。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点3. aim n.C目标，目的；目标，目的；U瞄准瞄准vt.瞄准，对准，瞄准，对准，目标在于目标在于归纳拓展（1）take aim at瞄准，对准achieve/attain ones aim达到目的miss ones aim打不中目标/达不到目的without aim漫无目的地（2）
10、aim at瞄准，对准；目的在于aim gun at把枪瞄准aim to do sth.旨在做某事be aimed at针对；目的是，旨在（3）aimless adj.无目的的；无目标的；aimlessly adv.无目的地；无目标地知识要点知识要点例句：Teamwork is required in order to achieve these aims.要达到这些目标需要团队合作。He aimed the gun at the bird.他用枪瞄准那只鸟。My sister aims to be a pilot when she leaves school.我姐姐立志毕业后要成为飞行员。知
11、识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】The farmer built long fences, _ keeping the wild dogs out of them.A.aim atB.aim forC.aiming atD.aiming for【解析解析】aim at“目标在于”，此题中用现在分词形式作伴随状语。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要点4. form n. 表格；形式；外形；状态，精神表格；形式；外形；状态，精神vt. & vi.形成；形成；构成；组织；养成；培养构成；组织；养成；培养归纳拓展（1）fill in/out the form填表be in/out of form状态良好/
12、不好in the form of.用的形式take the form of.采取的形式（2）form a good habit of形成一种的好习惯form in line排好队form (=set up) a company创办公司form into组成；编成知识要点知识要点例句：He is filling in the application form.他正在填申请表。The team were in excellent form throughout the whole competition.这个队在整个比赛过程中一直处于良好的状态。The cookies were all in th
13、e form of stars.那些饼干的形状像星星。They formed the habit of getting up early when in high school.中学时，他们养成了早起的习惯。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】_, the house is like the letter S.A.In formB.In the formC.With formD.In a form【解析解析】in form“在形式上”。句意为：形式上，这座房子看起来像字母S。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点5. balance n. 天平，秤；平衡；收支差额，余额天平，秤；平衡；收支差额，余额v
14、.平衡；斟酌，权衡平衡；斟酌，权衡归纳拓展(1)keep a balance between A and B 保持A与B均衡keep ones balance保持（身体）平衡；保持镇静lose ones balance失去平衡，心慌意乱（表动作）be out of balance失去平衡（表状态）in/on balance总的来说，权衡起来，两相比较(2)balance A against B 权衡/比较A与B(3)balanced adj. 保持平衡的；均衡的知识要点知识要点例句：Can you balance yourself on skates?你穿着溜冰鞋能保持身体平衡吗？You sh
15、ould balance the advantages against the disadvantages before your final decision.在作出决定之前，一定要权衡利弊。His suggestion has, on balance, proved useful.他的建议总的来说是有用的。He kept his balance with his arms on top of the wall.他在墙上用双臂保持平衡。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】There are both advantages and disadvantages in the scheme pro
16、posed,but _ I think we should benefit by adopting it.A.on balanceB.out of balanceC.on the balanceD.off balance【解析解析】句意为：在这份提议的计划书中，优点和缺点同时存在，但是两相比较，我认为我们应该取其精华。on balance“总的来说，权衡起来，两相比较”，符合题意。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点要点二要点二 短语短语1. add.to. 往往加入加入；把；把加到加到/进进里里归纳拓展add up sth. =add sth. up 把加起来add up to总共是；总计为（不用
17、于被动语态）add that.补充道add in算入；包括add to增加；加到例句：Add some oil to the water.往水中加入一些油。Add your scores up and we will see who win.把你们的分数加起来，我们就可以看出谁赢了。The continuous rain added to our difficulty in rebuilding the dam.持续的降雨增加了我们重修大坝的困难。知识要点知识要点【链接训练】Did little Kate help you with the work yesterday?Why?Yes.But
18、 her help,as a matter of fact, _ my difficulty.What a naughty girl!A.added up toB.added upC.added toD.added【解析】考查短语add to“增加，添加”的用法。句意为：昨天小凯特帮助你工作了吗？什么？是的。但是事实上，她的帮助增加了我的困难。她是个调皮的小女孩！add up to“合计为，总计为”；add up“把加起来”。【答案】C知识要点知识要点2.used to do sth.过去常常做某事过去常常做某事归纳拓展（1）It used to be said that.过去人们常说Ther
19、e used to be.过去有（2）be/get used to （doing） sth.习惯于做某事（to为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词）be used to do sth.被用来做某事(use在此为“使用”之意，是其被动语态，后跟不定式)（3）used to否定主语+used not to do主语+did not use to do疑问Used+主语+to do.?Did+主语+use to do.?知识要点知识要点例句：I used to go to the cinema a lot,but I never get the time now.我过去常看电影，但现在根本没时间。Did
20、there use to be a hotel on that corner?那个拐角处过去有家旅馆吗？The old man gets used to walking after supper.这位老人习惯于晚饭后散步。Wood can be used to make tables.木材可用来制造桌子。知识要点知识要点同类辨析used to do与would（1）used to do只有过去式，表示过去常做的事或过去的状态。主要与现在比较，暗示现在不再这样了。（2）would用来表示过去反复出现的动作。多有时间状语加以限定，意为“总是”，不表示过去存在的状态。例句：He used to go
21、 fishing on Sunday.过去他常在星期天去钓鱼。（现在已不去了）On Sundays he would come to my college to see me.周日他总是来学校看我。知识要点知识要点【链接训练】You didnt use to like him much when we were at school, _?A.were weB.werent weC.did youD.didnt you【解析】考查含有used to的反意疑问句的用法。【答案】C知识要点知识要点I _ in the house which_ books and magazines.A.am use
22、d to live; used to keepingB.used to live; has been used to keepingC.having been used to living; was used to keepD.used to live; is used to keep【解析解析】句意为：我过去曾经在现在存放书和杂志的房子里住过。第一个空表示“过去住过”要用used to do sth.的形式；第二个空表示“被用来做”要用be used to do的形式。【答案答案】D知识要点知识要点3. keep.out of.使使进不去；不让进不去；不让进入；把进入；把挡在外面挡在外面归纳
23、拓展keep away离开，避开keep back退缩；隐瞒；留（扣）下；阻止keep sb. from (doing) sth.阻止某人做某事keep up (with) 跟上；不落在后面keep it up不松劲，照原样继续下去keep off让开，避开keep on doing sth.继续做某事keep on with (doing sth.)继续（做某事）keep out把关在外面；阻止入内；不参加知识要点知识要点例句：This will keep air out of the water.这会把空气阻挡在水之外。I have always tried to keep out of
24、their quarrel.我总是尽可能的不卷入他们的争吵中。You wont be able to keep the truth from her father.你是瞒不了她父亲事实真相的。Its hard to keep up with the changes in computer technology.要跟上电脑技术的变化是很难的。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】A certain percentage of your salary is _ by the employer as an insurance payment.A.kept awayB.kept outC.kept ba
25、ckD.kept up【解析解析】句意为：你薪水的一定的百分比被雇主留下用于支付保险金。keep back“扣留，留下”，符合题意。keep away“远离”；keep out“使进不去”；keep up (with)“跟上”。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要点要点三要点三 句型句型It is hard to think of a world without metals.很难想象一个没有金属的世界。归纳拓展（1）It is /seems /feels.+adj.+to do句型中it用作形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式。（2）It be+adj.+for sb.to do sth.句型中表语说明
26、不定式行为的特点，常见的形容词有easy，hard，difficult，important，necessary，expensive，impossible，possible 等。（3）It be+adj.+of sb.to do sth.句型中作表语的形容词是对 sb.及其行为的评价，此类形容词有 good，kind，nice，wise，wrong，clever，brave，honest 等。（4）It be+adj./n.+ that从句知识要点知识要点例句：It seems only reasonable to ask students to buy a dictionary.要学生买一本词
27、典，好像也没什么不合情理的。Its careless of you to make so many mistakes in this exam. 在这次考试中你出了这么多错，真是太粗心了。Its difficult to finish the task in such a short period of time. 在这么短的时间内完成这项任务很困难。Is it true that the Smiths are emigrating?史密斯一家要移民，这是真的吗？知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】Do you think Jack is to blame？Yeah,it was very r
28、ude _ facial paper to the guests at the table.A.of him to throwB.for him to throwC.that he threwD.enough to throw【解析解析】此题是“Its+adj.+for/of sb.to do sth.”句型。rude是对杰克及其行为的评价，所以介词选用of，故选A。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点要点四要点四 语法语法形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形容词和副词的比较级和最高级基本用法：(1)表示倍数的三个句型.times as+adj./adv.原级+as.times the+性质名词+of.t
29、imes+adj./adv.比较级+than.例句：This table is three times as big as that one.=This table is three times the size of that one.=This table is twice bigger than that one.这张桌子是那张桌子的三倍大。知识要点知识要点(2)同级的比较，用as.as,the same as,such.as引导。例句：Henry is as good a worker as Peter (is).=Henry is such a good worker as Pete
30、r (is).亨利和彼得一样都是好工人。(3)“比较级+and+比较级”结构（两个同义形容词的比较级），表示“越来越”的意思。“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，表示“越就越”。例句：As time goes on,the boy is getting more and more diligent.这孩子的勤奋与日俱增。The busier he is, the happier he feels.他越忙越感到高兴。知识要点知识要点(4)“the+比较级+of the two”意为“两者之中更的一个”。例句：The larger of the two islands is Britain,w
31、hich lies to the east of Ireland.两个岛中较大的是大不列颠岛，位于爱尔兰东部。(5)比较级和否定词连用，意为“最不过”。例句：The situation couldnt be worse.形势再糟糕不过。They have never seen a movie better than this one.他们从未看过这么好的电影。知识要点知识要点(6)注意no+比较级+than句型的特殊含义。A is no more careful than B.A和B两人都不仔细。A is no less careful than B.A和B两人都很仔细。A is not mo
32、re careful than B.A不如B仔细。A is not less careful than B.A的仔细程度并不弱于B。知识要点知识要点(7)一个人的两种性质的比较，用“more.than.”结构。例句：Ann acts quite unfriendly.安表现得相当不友好。I think shes more shy than unfriendly.我认为与其说她不友好，不如说她害羞。(8)比较的对象不能相互包容。比较级+than+ any other+单数名词all (the) other+复数名词anyone elseany of the other+复数名词知识要点知识要点例
33、句：The Mississippi River is longer than any other river in the United States.密西西比河比美国其他任何一条河流都长。China is larger than all the other countries in Asia.中国比亚洲的其他任何国家都大。China is larger than any country in Africa.中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。知识要点知识要点(9)比较的对象应该相同。例句：The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.这里的天气比
34、上海的暖和。The radios made in our factory are better than those (made) in your factory.我们工厂制造的收音机比你们工厂的要好。知识要点知识要点(10)常见的修饰比较级的修饰语有rather,much,still,even,far,any(用于否定句或疑问句)，a lot,a little,a great deal,by far,a bit,slightly等。例句：The students study even harder than before.学生们学习比以前更努力了。A car runs a great dea
35、l faster than a bike.汽车比自行车跑得快多了。This problem is a bit harder than that one.这个问题比那一个稍难。This article is a little more hard than those ones.这篇文章比那些稍难一点儿。知识要点知识要点(11)注意比较结构中的省略现象。在日常交际中，彼此都明白的比较对象往往省略。这种省略现象给正确判断造成一定的障碍，高考题中出现率较高，应引起足够的重视。例句：What do you think of the film?你觉得这部电影怎么样？I have never seen a
36、better one.(后边省略了than this film)我没有看过比这部更好的了。Toms composition,if not better(省略了than Jacks),is at least as good as Jacks.汤姆的作文如果不比杰克的更好，也至少和杰克的作文一样好。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】Do you think the weather is good enough for an outing?Yes, you couldnt hope for _ at this time of the year.A.the nicer dayB.a nicer da
37、yC.the nicest dayD.a nice day【解析解析】考查形容词比较级与否定词连用，表示最高级含义的用法。you couldnt hope for a nicer day at the time of the year.“在一年中的这个时候你不可能再期待比这更好的日子了”。【答案答案】B知识要点知识要点This house looks beautiful,doesnt it？Well,Id rather have a house _ to look,but _ to live in.A.not beautiful;most comfortableB.less beautiful
38、;more comfortableC.less beautiful;most comfortableD.beautiful;comfortable【解析解析】后半句句意为“我宁愿房子看起来不是那么漂亮，但住起来更加舒服”。前后要一致，故选B项。【答案答案】B知识要点知识要点Is this your second car?Yes.Blue is always my colour.It is a little _ but still fits _ into the garage.A.wider;easilyB.widest;more easilyC.wider;more easilyD.wides
39、t;easily【解析解析】考查比较级。第一空表示这辆车和以前的车相比较，用形容词的比较级；第二空所填词修饰动词“fit”，应用副词，无比较之意，因此选A。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点Though he started late,Mr Guo played the piano as well as,if _ ,Miss Liu.A.not better thanB.not betterC.no better thanD.no better【解析解析】句意为：虽然郭先生钢琴学得晚，可是他弹得即使不比刘小姐更好，也至少和她一样好。因为有Miss Liu作宾语，than不可以省略，所以排除B和D；
40、no better than表示“两者都不好”，而本题是说郭先生弹得不错，故排除C项；not better than表示“不比更好”。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点John is the tallest boy in the class, _ according to himself.A.five foot eight as tall asB.as tall as five foot eightC.as five foot eight tall asD.as tall five foot eight as【解析解析】five foot eight意为“五英尺八英寸”，放在as tall as后表示个子的高度。【答案答案】BThank you !同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全
