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1、涉及 that 等引导的定语从句定语从句历年都是高考的重难点,尤其是涉及 that,which, as 的考题。 下面是定语从句的语法规则和具体应用,希望同学们好好揣摩。一、限制性定语从句只能用 that 的几种情况1. 当先行词是 anything, everything, nothing(something 除外) , few, all, none, little, some 等代词时, 或者是由 every, any, all, some, no, little, few,much,each 等词修饰时。例如:Have you taken down everything (that) M
2、r. Smith hassaid? 你记下了斯密思先生说的一切吗?There seems to be nothing (that) seems impossible forhim in the world. 对他来说,没有什么不可能。There is little (that) I can do for you. 对你,我无能无力。由此可知,一般情况下,可将 that 用括号括住。部分时候 that 也可以省略。例如:All that can be done has been done. 今日事,今日毕。此外,当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用 who。例如:Any man that/who has
3、 a sense of duty won t do such a badthing. 任何一个有责任感的人不会做这样的坏事。2. 当先行词被序数词修饰时,例如:The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.他们访问伦敦时,首先去看大本钟。3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时,例如:This is the best movie that I have seen. 这是我看过最棒的电影。4. 当形容词被 the very, the only, the same, the last,any, little 等修饰时,例如:Thi
4、s is the very good dictionary that I want to buy. 这是很好的词典,我想买。After the fire in his house, the old motorcycle is the onlything that he owned. 家里失火后,旧摩托是他唯一所有的东西了。当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用 who,例如:Erik is the only person in our company who will attend themeeting. 艾里克是我们公司唯一出席会议的人。5. 当先行词前面有 who, which 等疑问代词时,例如:
5、Who is the man that is sitting at the corner? 坐在角落里的是谁?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 什么 T 恤衫最配我?6. 当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时,例如:Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we havelearned? 你记得我们这位科学家和我们学习过的他的理论吗?7. 当关系代词在定语从句中做表语,例如:The village is no longer the one that it used to be 20 year
6、sago. 二十年已过,村庄今非昔比。二、关系代词 as 和 which 引导的定语从句as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况如下:1. as 和 which 都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子。例如:He married her, as/which was natural. 他们结婚是理所当然的。He was honest and generous, as/which we can see. 我们看得出,他正直慷慨。2. as 引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句;which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能
7、放在主句之后。 另外, as 有 “正如, 正像”的意思。例如:As is known to all, India is a developing country. 众所周知,印度是发展中国家。He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. 从他的方言,我们知道他是南方人。John, as you know, is a famous writer. 你知道的,约翰是著名作家。He has been to Greece several times, which I dontbelieve. 我不相信他去过希腊好几次。当主句和从句存在逻辑上
8、的因果关系时,常用 which。例如:Tom was always late for the meeting, which made hisboss angry. 汤姆开会经常迟到, 老板为此发怒。3. 当先行词被 such, the same 修饰时,常用 as。例如:I have never heard such a story as he tells. 我没有听过他讲这样的故事。He is not such a fool as he looks. 他看上去是傻瓜,其实不是。This is the same umbrella as I lost last week. 这把伞和我上周丢的一样
9、。当先行词由 the same 修饰时,偶尔也用 that 引导定语从句,但是和由 as 所引导的定语从句意思不同。例如:She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding.她穿着在玛利亚婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹一样的裙子。定语从句 such . as . 与结果状语从句 such .that . 的区别:as 在所引导的定语从句中作主语或宾语;that 在结果状语从句中不做成分。例如:He has such a good c
10、ellphone as I want to buy. 他的手机很好, 正是我想买的那一款.。He has such a good cellphone that I want to buy one. 他的手机很好, 我也想买一个。三、以 the way 为先行词的定语从句通常由 in which, that 引导,而且可以省略。例如:The way in which/that he answered the question wassurprising. 他回答问题的方式让人惊讶。练习1. Because of my poor memory, all _ you told me hasbeen
11、forgotten.A. that B. which C. what D. as2. Do you remember those days _ we spent along theseashore very happily?A. when B. where C. which D. who3. In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions_ were asked in French.A. where B. who C. in which D. which4. The foreign guests,_ were governmen
12、t officials,were warmly welcomed at the airport.A. most of them B. most of thatC. most of whom D. most of those5. Nearby were two canoes _ they had come to theisland.A. which B. in whichC. that D. /6. Alice received an invitation from her boss,_came asa surprise.A. it B. which C. that D. he7. The tr
13、ain was crowded and I had to get into acarriage_already seven other people.A. when there were B. which there wereC. that there were D. where there were8. They stayed with me two weeks,_ they drank all thewine I had.A. which B. which timeC. during the time D. during which9. We should read such books _ will make us better andwiser.A. when B. as C. whose D. what10. I shall never forget those years _ I lived in thecountry with the farmers, _has a great effect on my life.A. that which B. when whichC. which that D. when who