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1、涉及 that 等引导的定语从句定语从句历年都是高考的重难点，尤其是涉及 that，which， as 的考题。 下面是定语从句的语法规则和具体应用，希望同学们好好揣摩。一、限制性定语从句只能用 that 的几种情况1. 当先行词是 anything， everything， nothing（something 除外） ， few， all， none， little， some 等代词时， 或者是由 every， any， all， some， no， little， few，much，each 等词修饰时。例如：Have you taken down everything （that） M
2、r. Smith hassaid？ 你记下了斯密思先生说的一切吗？There seems to be nothing （that） seems impossible forhim in the world. 对他来说，没有什么不可能。There is little （that） I can do for you. 对你，我无能无力。由此可知，一般情况下，可将 that 用括号括住。部分时候 that 也可以省略。例如：All that can be done has been done. 今日事，今日毕。此外，当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用 who。例如：Any man that/who has
3、 a sense of duty won t do such a badthing. 任何一个有责任感的人不会做这样的坏事。2. 当先行词被序数词修饰时，例如：The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.他们访问伦敦时，首先去看大本钟。3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，例如：This is the best movie that I have seen. 这是我看过最棒的电影。4. 当形容词被 the very， the only， the same， the last，any， little 等修饰时，例如：Thi
4、s is the very good dictionary that I want to buy. 这是很好的词典，我想买。After the fire in his house， the old motorcycle is the onlything that he owned. 家里失火后，旧摩托是他唯一所有的东西了。当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用 who，例如：Erik is the only person in our company who will attend themeeting. 艾里克是我们公司唯一出席会议的人。5. 当先行词前面有 who， which 等疑问代词时，例如：
5、Who is the man that is sitting at the corner？ 坐在角落里的是谁？Which is the T-shirt that fits me most？ 什么 T 恤衫最配我？6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时，例如：Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we havelearned？ 你记得我们这位科学家和我们学习过的他的理论吗？7. 当关系代词在定语从句中做表语，例如：The village is no longer the one that it used to be 20 year
6、sago. 二十年已过，村庄今非昔比。二、关系代词 as 和 which 引导的定语从句as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况如下：1. as 和 which 都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。例如：He married her， as/which was natural. 他们结婚是理所当然的。He was honest and generous， as/which we can see. 我们看得出，他正直慷慨。2. as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能
7、放在主句之后。 另外， as 有 “正如， 正像”的意思。例如：As is known to all， India is a developing country. 众所周知，印度是发展中国家。He is from the south， as we can see from his accent. 从他的方言，我们知道他是南方人。John， as you know， is a famous writer. 你知道的，约翰是著名作家。He has been to Greece several times， which I dontbelieve. 我不相信他去过希腊好几次。当主句和从句存在逻辑上
8、的因果关系时，常用 which。例如：Tom was always late for the meeting， which made hisboss angry. 汤姆开会经常迟到， 老板为此发怒。3. 当先行词被 such， the same 修饰时，常用 as。例如：I have never heard such a story as he tells. 我没有听过他讲这样的故事。He is not such a fool as he looks. 他看上去是傻瓜，其实不是。This is the same umbrella as I lost last week. 这把伞和我上周丢的一样
9、。当先行词由 the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that 引导定语从句，但是和由 as 所引导的定语从句意思不同。例如：She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding.她穿着在玛利亚婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹一样的裙子。定语从句 such . as . 与结果状语从句 such .that . 的区别：as 在所引导的定语从句中作主语或宾语；that 在结果状语从句中不做成分。例如：He has such a good c
10、ellphone as I want to buy. 他的手机很好， 正是我想买的那一款.。He has such a good cellphone that I want to buy one. 他的手机很好， 我也想买一个。三、以 the way 为先行词的定语从句通常由 in which， that 引导，而且可以省略。例如：The way in which/that he answered the question wassurprising. 他回答问题的方式让人惊讶。练习1. Because of my poor memory， all _ you told me hasbeen
11、forgotten.A. that B. which C. what D. as2. Do you remember those days _ we spent along theseashore very happily？A. when B. where C. which D. who3. In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions_ were asked in French.A. where B. who C. in which D. which4. The foreign guests，_ were governmen
12、t officials，were warmly welcomed at the airport.A. most of them B. most of thatC. most of whom D. most of those5. Nearby were two canoes _ they had come to theisland.A. which B. in whichC. that D. /6. Alice received an invitation from her boss，_came asa surprise.A. it B. which C. that D. he7. The tr
13、ain was crowded and I had to get into acarriage_already seven other people.A. when there were B. which there wereC. that there were D. where there were8. They stayed with me two weeks，_ they drank all thewine I had.A. which B. which timeC. during the time D. during which9. We should read such books _ will make us better andwiser.A. when B. as C. whose D. what10. I shall never forget those years _ I lived in thecountry with the farmers， _has a great effect on my life.A. that which B. when whichC. which that D. when who
