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1、New Horizon College English Book 3New Horizon College English Book 3新视野大学英语新视野大学英语新视野大学英语新视野大学英语3 3 3 3School of Foreign StudiesSchool of Foreign Studies 外国语学院外国语学院外国语学院外国语学院Li XixinLi XixinWarming UP1.DO you know the Man and the sheep? 2.How was Dolly cloned?3. How many animals have been Cloned ?4.
2、How is a baby born traditionally?In traditional reproduction, a child gets half its genes from its MOTHER (in her egg) and half from its FATHER (in his sperm).ZYGOTE受精卵受精卵 SPERM精子精子 EMBRYO胚胎胚胎5.HOW IS A HUMAN BEING CLONED?Unit 8Section ALegalandMoralImplicationsofCloningContents Assignments Activity
3、 Structure and Writing Device Passage Reading New WordsExamples: 1.I resent your implication that my work is unsatisfactory. 2. I know that the company is cutting back its spending, but Im not sure what the implications are for our department.1. implication n. something that is suggested；含义；暗示；含义；暗示
4、 C (usu. pl.) a possible effect or result |可能的影响可能的影响或后果或后果I. New WordsI. New Words含义；暗示含义；暗示可能的可能的影响影响2. plain adv. 1)usedtoemphasizeanadj.oradv.Usuallyreferringtoabadquality 2) clearlyvisible;simpleI. New WordsI. New WordsJane was just plain silly to have given your QQ number to him. 简把你的简把你的QQ号给他
5、，简直傻透了。号给他，简直傻透了。The meaning of the sentence is very plain.这句句子的意思十分清楚这句句子的意思十分清楚 Example3.generate vt. causesomethingtoexist;produceI. New WordsI. New WordsExample我们希望这笔投资带来更高的收入我们希望这笔投资带来更高的收入 We hope the investment may generate higher incomes 4. mount vi. increaseinamountordegreeI. New WordsI. Ne
6、w WordsExample随着儿童节临近，孩子们越来越兴奋。随着儿童节临近，孩子们越来越兴奋。The childrens excitement is mounting as the Childrens Day is approaching.5. intact adj. completeandnotdamagedI. New WordsI. New WordsExample内放精致物品的包裹完好无损地到达。内放精致物品的包裹完好无损地到达。 The delicate package arrived intact. 6. resemble vt. lookorbealikeesp.inappea
7、rance I. New WordsI. New WordsExample你非常像你的母亲。你非常像你的母亲。You resemble your mother very closely. 7. deliberate adj. doingsomethingonpurposeI. New WordsI. New WordsExampleThe group decided to commit several acts of deliberate violence. |这伙人打算制造几起蓄意暴力事件。这伙人打算制造几起蓄意暴力事件。Contents Assignments Post-Reading S
8、tructure and Writing Device Passage Reading New WordsMain idea of the text: When a world with human clones was suddenly within reach, peoples reactions to it were strong and varied. They puzzled over a number of questions about the legal and moral implications that had arisen from cloning.Part I (Pa
9、ra.1): Problem Part II(Para.2-3): ResponsesPart III (Para.4-18): Listing of puzzlessPart IV (Para.18): Reiteration（重申法）（重申法） writing device: listing & discussionThe world was suddenly brought into the reality of human cloning with the success of cloning an adult mammal.This part offers complete or p
10、artial answers, from the up-to-date knowledge, to the six questions on the legal and moral implications of cloning.This part is intended to reaffirm the authors opinion that, although the list of questions could go on, people are just beginning to wonder about the future of the world after cloning.T
11、his part is about the worlds strong and immediate responses in the wake of Wilmuts announcement.Contents Assignments Activity Structure and Writing Device Passage Reading New WordsPart I (Para.1): EventPassage ReadingA.Language pointsB.Questions Part I Event: the success of cloning an adult mammalth
12、e success of cloning an adult mammal Legal and Moral Implications of CloningPara. 1 Para. 1 At first it was just plain surprising. Word last week that a scientist named Ian Wilmut had succeeded in cloning an adult mammal - an achievement long thought impossible - caught the imagination of everyone.
13、The laboratory process that produced Dolly, an unremarkable-looking sheep, theoretically would work for humans as well. A world with human clones was suddenly within reach. It was science fiction coming to life. When people heard about Dolly, what did they think was within reach?A. Language points1.
14、 within reach : 1).achievable,attainable可获得的可获得的2).closeenoughtoreach够得着的够得着的The low-cost mobile phone puts instant communication within reach of millions. 低本钱低本钱 使数百万人能进行即时交流。使数百万人能进行即时交流。 Put the dictionary within my reach. 请把辞典放在我够得着的地方。请把辞典放在我够得着的地方。ExampleA. Language points2.fiction: n.Ustories
15、aboutimaginarypeopleandevents小说小说 He was a very successful writer of childrens fiction.他是一位极成功的儿童小说作家。他是一位极成功的儿童小说作家。 I prefer light fiction to all those serious novels.我更喜欢读轻松小说，而不是那些严肃的我更喜欢读轻松小说，而不是那些严肃的小说。小说。 ExampleA. Language points3 e to life be alive or vivid 活泼起来；栩栩如生活泼起来；栩栩如生 He made the gh
16、ost story come to life. 他把那个鬼的故事讲得活灵活现他把那个鬼的故事讲得活灵活现 At school he was a very quiet boy; it was only after he went to college that he came to life. 上中小学的时候，他还是个安静的孩子，上中小学的时候，他还是个安静的孩子，只是上了大学之后他才活泼起来。只是上了大学之后他才活泼起来。ExamplePart II (Para. 2-3):ResponsesPassage ReadingA.Language pointsB.Questions Part II
17、 Responses 1. President Clinton ordered; 2. Leaders in Europe began Paras. 2-3 In the wake of Wilmuts announcement, governments hurried to draft guidelines for the unknown, a future filled with incredible possibilities. President Clinton ordered a national commission to study the legal and moral imp
18、lications of cloning. Leaders in Europe, where most nations already prohibit human cloning, began examining the moral implications of cloning other species. Like the Theory of Relativity, the splitting of the atom, and the first space flight, Dollys appearance has generated a long list of difficult
19、puzzles for scientists, politicians, and philosophers. And wild questions on the topic of cloning continue to mount. What did the American government react to cloning?How did leaders in Europe react to cloning?1. in the wake of happeningafteraneventorasaresultofit随着随着.而来；作而来；作为为.的结果的结果 ExampleThere
20、were a lot of fallen trees in the wake of the storm. 暴风雨之后，很多树倒了。暴风雨之后，很多树倒了。The president submitted resignation in the wake of a scandal. 总统在丑闻曝光后提出辞职总统在丑闻曝光后提出辞职A. Language points2. draft guidelines for : 为为起草指导方针起草指导方针ExampleA. Language pointsDraft a proposal and we can discuss it at the meeting
21、before any decisions are made. 先起草一份提案，然后开会讨论一下再做决先起草一份提案，然后开会讨论一下再做决定。定。Passage ReadingPart III (Para 4-18): Six puzzlesA.Language pointsB.Questions Part III Puzzle 1 Why would anyone want to clone a human being in the first place? Paras. 4-5 Why would anyone want to clone a human being in the firs
22、t place? The human cloning situations that experts consider most frequently fall into two broad categories: 1) parents who want to clone a child, either to provide transplants for a dying child or to replace that child, and 2) adults who for a variety of reasons might want to clone themselves. Why w
23、ould anyone want to clone a human being?1.in the first place 1) atfirst;atthebeginning一开始；起初一开始；起初2)firstly|首先，第一首先，第一ExampleHow did life arise in the first place? 生命最初是怎样起源的？生命最初是怎样起源的？In the first place, we must build up confidence. 首先首先,我们必须建立自信。我们必须建立自信。A. Language points2.fall into bedividedint
24、o;belongto可分成；属于可分成；属于ExampleThe book falls into the class of childrens stories. 这本书属于儿童故事一类。这本书属于儿童故事一类。A. Language points Part III Puzzle 2 Will it be possible to clone the dead? Paras. 6-7 Will it be possible to clone the dead? Perhaps, if the body is fresh, says one expert. The cloning method us
25、ed by Wilmuts lab requires combining an egg cell with the nucleus of a cell containing the DNA of the person to be cloned. (DNA is a very long, ribbon-like molecule that contains our genetic information.) And that means that the nucleus must be intact. Cells die and the cell nucleus begins to break
26、apart after death. But, yes, in theory at least it might be possibleCan the dead be cloned in the future?1.nucleus C(pl.nuclei)thecentralpartofalivingcell细胞核细胞核ExampleDo you think this transplanted nucleus will support the normal development of the egg? 你认为这个被移植的细胞核有利于该卵的正你认为这个被移植的细胞核有利于该卵的正常发育吗？常发育
27、吗？A. Language points Part III Puzzle 3 Would a cloned human be identical to the original? Paras. 8-9 Would a cloned human be identical to the original? Identical genes dont produce identical people, as anyone who knows a set of identical twins can tell you. In fact, twins are more alike than clones
28、would be, since they have at least shared the same environment within the mother, are usually raised in the same family, and so forth. Parents could clone a second child who resembled their first in appearance, but all the evidence suggests the two would have very different personalities. Twins sepa
29、rated at birth do sometimes share personality characteristics, but such characteristics in a cloned son or daughter would only be reminders of the child who was lost. Why are twins more alike than clones?1.be identical to/with exactlythesameas与与.一模一样一模一样ExampleI cant see any difference between these
30、 two pens. They simply look identical to each other. 我看不出这两支笔有什么不同。我看不出这两支笔有什么不同。My opinion is identical with his. 我的意见和他的一样。我的意见和他的一样。A. Language points Part III Puzzle 3 Would a cloned human be identical to the original? Para. 10 Even in terms of biology, a clone would not be identical to the “mas
31、ter copy. The clones cells, for example, would have energy-processing machinery that came from the egg, not from the person who was cloned. But most of the physical differences between originals and copies are so minor that detection of them would require a sophisticated laboratory. The one possible
32、 exception is bearing children. Wilmut and his coworkers are not sure that Dolly will be able to have lambs. They will try to find out once shes old enough to breed. What are the Dolly researchers unsure of?1.in terms ofadv.根据根据,按照按照,用用.的话的话,在在.方面方面ExampleHe thought of everything in terms of money.
33、他是从钱的角度来看每一件事。他是从钱的角度来看每一件事。The figures are expressed in terms of a percentage/in percentage terms 那些数字是以百分数表示的那些数字是以百分数表示的.A. Language points1.machinery n.1)Asystemofrelatedelementsthatoperateinadefinablemanner体系体系,机机构构 2)machinesormachinepartsconsideredasagroup机机器机器或机器零件的总称器机器或机器零件的总称Examplethe ma
34、chinery of government政府机构政府机构machinery for dealing with complaints处理申诉的机构处理申诉的机构The machinery in the factory consists of several different kinds of machines.工厂里的机械设备包括许多种不同的机器。工厂里的机械设备包括许多种不同的机器。A. Language points Part III Puzzle 4 What if parents decided to clone a child in order to harvest organs?
35、 Paras. 11-12 What if parents decided to clone a child in order to harvest organs? Most experts agree that it would be psychologically harmful if a child sensed he had been brought into the world simply as an organ donor. But some parents already produce second children with nonfatal transplants in
36、mind, and many experts do not oppose this. Cloning would increase the chances for a tissue match from 25 percent to nearly 100 percent. Why do some parents want to save their fatally ill child through cloning? Part III Puzzle 4 What if parents decided to clone a child in order to harvest organs? Par
37、a. 13 If cloned animals could be used as organ donors, we wouldnt have to worry about cloning twins for transplants. Pigs, for example, have organs similar in size to humans. But the human body attacks and destroys tissue from other species. To get around that, one company is trying to alter the pig
38、s genetic code to prevent pig organs from being attacked. If the companys technicians succeed, it may be more efficient to produce such pigs by cloning than by current methods. Why might pigs be cloned and used as organ donors?1.What if. Whatwouldhappenif.要是要是.怎么办怎么办ExampleWhat if your plan doesnt w
39、ork? 要是你的方案不管用怎么办？要是你的方案不管用怎么办？What if we go and see a film tomorrow night? 明天晚上我们去看电影怎么样明天晚上我们去看电影怎么样?A. Language points2.with. in mind while thinking about sb. or sth. 考虑到某人事考虑到某人事)Example Mary is studying hard with a good grade in mind. 玛丽因心中想得高分正用功学习。玛丽因心中想得高分正用功学习。 The Movie Garfield hit theate
40、rs with one goal in mind: cracking wise. 加菲猫在影院公映只有一个目的加菲猫在影院公映只有一个目的:逗乐。逗乐。A. Language points3.to get around tofindawayofdealingwithaproblem成功地解决；成功地解决；克服克服Example Can we get around this issue? 我们能避开这个话题我们能避开这个话题There are several ways to get around this problem. 处理这个问题有几种方式。处理这个问题有几种方式。A. Language
41、points Part III Puzzle 5 How would a human clone refer to the donor of its DNA? Paras. 14-15 How would a human clone refer to the donor of its DNA? “Mom is not right, because the woman or women who supplied the egg and gave birth to the infant would more appropriately be called Mother. “Dad isnt rig
42、ht, either. A traditional father supplies only half the DNA in a child. Judith Martin, in her writings under the name of “Miss Manners, suggests the phrase, “Most honored sir or madam. Why? “One should always respect ones ancestors, she says, “regardless of what they did to bring one into the world.
43、 How would a human clone refer to the donor of its DNA? Part III Puzzle 6 What are the other implications of cloning for society? Paras. 16 That still leaves some confusion over vocabulary. The editorial director of one dictionary says that the noun “clonee may sound like a good term, but its not cl
44、ear enough. Instead, he prefers “original and “copy. Paras. 17-18 What are the other implications of cloning for society? What is the greatest concern about human cloning? We had referred to him as a dear friend. 我们称他为亲爱的朋友。我们称他为亲爱的朋友。In his speech, he referred to his recent trip to London. 在他的讲话中，他
45、提到他最近的伦敦之旅。在他的讲话中，他提到他最近的伦敦之旅。1.refer to 1).useaparticularword,expression,ornametomentionordescribesb.orsth.称呼，叫称呼，叫2).mentionaparticularsubjectorperson|提及，谈到提及，谈到ExampleA. Language pointsHe is more concerned about others than about himself. 他关心别人比关心自己还重。他关心别人比关心自己还重。2. be concerned about beworrieda
46、bout;careaboutExampleA. Language pointsA fire is comparable with the sun; both give light and heat.火可以和太阳相比，火可以和太阳相比， 两者均可放出光和热。两者均可放出光和热。No horse has a speed comparable to that of his.没有一匹马的速度能比得上他的马。没有一匹马的速度能比得上他的马。Man and ape have comparable anatomies. 人类与人猿有类似的构造。人类与人猿有类似的构造。2. Be comparable to
47、1) admitting of comparison with another or others可可相比相比with; 比得上的比得上的to 2) similar or equivalent相似或相当相似或相当ExampleA. Language pointsI spent hours puzzling over the theme of the poem. 我对这首诗的主题想了几个小时。我对这首诗的主题想了几个小时。I puzzled over his intention, not knowing what I should do. 我苦苦思考他的用心，不知道自己该怎么我苦苦思考他的用心，
48、不知道自己该怎么办。办。3. puzzle over thinkhardabout;findtheanswerbythinkinghard绞绞尽脑汁；冥思苦想尽脑汁；冥思苦想ExampleA. Language pointsPart IV(Para.19): Passage ReadingA.Language pointsB.QuestionsReiteration重申法重申法 Part IV Reiteration重申法重申法The gravest concern isnt really cloning itself, but genetic engineeringthe deliberat
49、e altering of genes to create human beings according to certain requirements. Specifically, some experts are concerned about the creation of a new (and disrespected) social class: “the clones. One expert believes the situation could be comparable to what occurred in the 16th century, when Europeans
50、puzzled over how to classify the unfamiliar inhabitants of the Americas, and endlessly debated whether or not they were humans. Para 19 The list of questions could go on; people are just beginning to wonder about the future of the world after cloning.That remark made me wonder about his innocence. 那
51、种话使我对他的清白感那种话使我对他的清白感到疑心。到疑心。Do you often wonder about the future of the world? 你时常考虑世界的未来吗你时常考虑世界的未来吗?1.wonder about thinkaboutsth.inordertoknowmoreaboutit对对.好好奇；想知道；对奇；想知道；对.疑惑疑惑ExampleA. Language pointsContents Assignments Activity Structure and Writing Device Passage Reading New WordsIV Activity
52、 Please debate the advantages and disadvantage of human cloning . You can use the following references.A List of Advantages of human cloningfight fatal diseases save dying relatives help infertile people have children create genius extend human life enhance civilization create new immune systems (免疫
53、系统免疫系统) grow organs and tissues for transplant surgery (移植手术移植手术) A List of Disadvantages of human cloningdeny human right; reduce variety of human and gene pool; unsafe abnormalities birth defects a shorter life religious objections religious objections psychological harms degrade the quality of pa
54、renting & family lifeContents Assignments Post-Reading Structure and Writing Device Passage Reading New Words Try to write your composition with a general statement supported by a list of reasons, facts, ideas, etc. You may choose whatever you are interested in as your topic.Assignments- Paragraph WritingThanks for your attention
