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1、Tess of the DUrbervilles-Thomas HardyThomas Hardy ThomasHardy,Englishnovelistandpoet,wasbornonJune2,1840atHigherBockhampton,Dorset.Hewaseducatedatlocalschools,wherehehadagoodbasiceducation,andHardylearnedfromhermanyofthecountrylegends,whichcolorallhiswork.Masterpieces:TessoftheDUrbervilles(1891)德伯家的
2、苔丝德伯家的苔丝JudetheObscure(1896)无名的裘德无名的裘德FarFromtheMaddingCrowd（1874）远离尘嚣远离尘嚣ReturnoftheNative(1878)还乡还乡Tess of the DUrbeyfieldJude the ObscureFarFromtheMaddingCrowdReturnoftheNativeThe Gist of the NovelSetting(time):The 1880s and 1890sSetting(place):Wessex, the southwest of England Protagonist:Tess DU
3、rbeyfieldMajorconflict:Tessisseduced,impregnated,andabandonedbythesonofherupper-classpatroness,makingherunacceptabletohertrueloveAngellaterinlife.Risingaction:TesssfamilysdiscoverythattheyareancientEnglisharistocracy,givingthemallfantasiesofahigherstationinlife:Tesssaccidentalkillingofthefamilyhorse
4、,whichdriveshertoseekhelpfromtheDUrbervilles,wheresheisseducedanddishonored.Climax:TesssnewhusbanddiscoversherearlierseductionbyAlecanddecidestoleaveher,goingofftoBrazilandnotansweringherletters,andbringingTesstodespair.Fallingaction:Tessslast-ditchdecisiontomarryAlec,whoclaimstoloveher;Angelsreturn
5、fromBraziltodiscoverTessmarriagetoherformerseducer,andhismeetingwithTess;TesssmurderofAlecandshort-livedescapewithAngelbeforebeingapprehendedandexecuted.MainCharactersJohn DUrbeyfieldJoan DUrbeyfieldTess DUrbeyfieldAlec Stoke DUrberville: Mrs Simon StokeRichard CrickAngle ClareJame ClareLiza-LuPhase
6、 the Fifth-The Woman Pays (Chap.35)ConfessionForgiveNot ForgiveAngel ClareAshisnameinFrench,closeto“BrightAngel”suggests,Angelisnotquiteofthisworld,butfloatsaboveitinatranscendentsphereofhisown.ThenarratorsaysthatAngelshinesratherthanburns.HismoralsystemisreadjustedasheisbroughtdowntoEarth.Ironicall
7、y,itisnottheangelwhoguidesthehumaninthisnovel,butthehumanwhoinstructstheangel,althoughatthecostofherownlife.TessShe is a good-natured girl, when her husband MenDominatingWomenOneoftherecurrentthemesofthenovelisthewayinwhichmencandominatewomen,exertingapoweroverthemlinkedprimarilytotheirmaleness. Eve
8、nAngelsloveforTess,aspureandgentleasitseems,dominatesherinanunhealthyway.AngelsubstitutesanidealizedpictureofTessscountrypurityforthereal-lifewomanthathecontinuallyrefusestogettoknow.WhenAngelcallsTessnameslike“DaughterofNature”and“Artemis,”wefeelthathemaybedenyinghertrueselfinfavorofamentalimagetha
9、theprefers.Thus,heridentityandexperiencesaresuppressed,albeitunknowingly. SymbolsBirdsVariantNamesThemesTheInjusticeofExistenceChangingIdeasofSocialClassinVictorianEnglandMenDominatingWomenCausesforthetragedyofTess1.The impoverishment and decay of small farmers2.Alec and Clare3.The weakness of her character4.Some mysterious and incidental factors
