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1、学习必备欢迎下载unit 1-3 语法 -不定式to do 1不定式的基本形式与结构动词不定式指通常由to 加上动词原形(如 to write) 所构成的一种动词形式，但在有些情况下 to 可以省略。所有的主动词，不论是及物动词还是不及物动词，都有不定式形式。没有不定式形式。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。2不定式的用法1)不定式结构作主语1.Te get contact with his family in Taiwan made him extremely happy since they separated more than 40 years ago2.To f
2、inish that task in such a short time is really a challenge 在上述情况下，如果不定式较长，显得头重脚轻，则可由代词让作形式主语(形式主语 it 不可由 that 或 this 等其他代词代替 )，而将不定式放到后面。如：1.It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago2.John admitted that it is always difficult for
3、 him to be on time不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的，即不定式的逻辑主语，通常可以通过for sb. to do sth. 结构表达：如：1.It is quite important for us to read good books during a general review 2. It is not difficult fot those talented students to pass the exam. 在某些形容词 (如 careless ，clever，considerate，foolish，good，impolite ，kind，naughty，nice，s
4、illy，stupid等)作表语时，不定式后可以加of 来引导出其逻辑主语：1.It is very kind of you to tell me the truth2.It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing2)不定式作宾语不定式作宾语有两种：一种是及物动词后直接跟带to 的不定式，另一种是 “ 及物动词 +疑问词 +带 to 的不定式。及物动词 +带 to 的不定式结构 : 只能跟动词不定式的动词， 常见的有 : afford，agree ，aim，appear ，ask，believe，care ， claim， decide demand
5、 ，desire，determine，expect，fail，happen ，hesitate ，hope， intend， learn， long， manage ， offer， pretend ， promise， prepare ，refuse ， seek， swear， undertake ，want， wish 等。1.He managed to solve the complicated problem. 2.The stranger offered to show me the way. 3.Mr. Smith undertook to build a new plant i
6、n South Africa. 动词+疑问代 (副)词+不定式：这类动词常见的有advise， decide， find out， forget， inquire， know， learn，see ， regard初中英语语法总结，remember， teach， tell， understand ， wonder等。常见的疑问代 (副)词有: what， when， where， which， how， whether等。1.He does not know when to start. 2.You can decide whether to continue or to stop. 3.I
7、 will show you how to deal with it. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载有时，不定式可由 it 代替，而把不定式放到后面去。这可以用这一结构表达：动词(如 find， think，consider，feel 等)+it+ 形容词 +不定式。1.She considers it necessary to make friends with him. 2.We find it difficult to finish all the homework before 9 o
8、clock.3)不定式做表语一种情况为主语是不定式(表示条件 )；表语是不定式 (表示结果 )：1.To see is to believe. 2.To work means to earn a living 另一种情况为主语是以aim，duty，hope， idea，job， plan，problem， purpose ，thing，wish 等名词为中心的短语，或以what 引导的名词性从句，不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用： ；例如：1.His aim is to study abroad in the near future 2.The most important thing is t
9、o negotiate with them about the price 3.What I want to say is to forget all the unhappy experience 4)不定式作定语不定式结构作名词词组修饰语主要有三种类型：第一种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑宾语。例如：1.There was really nothing to fear 2.He gave me an interesting book to read 如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就得加相应的介词。例如：1.Mary needs a friend to play with2.That girl
10、 has nothing to worry about3.They have a strict teacher to listen to 4.Although the film had been on for ten minutes ，I still was not able to find a chair to sit on第二种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑主语；例如：1.Have you got a key to unlock the door? 2.The action to be taken is correct 3.There is nothing to be gained by
11、 pretending 第三种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的同位结构。这类名词通常是表示企图、 努力、 倾向、目的、愿望、is 算、 能力、意向等意义的名词： ability， attempt， effort，impulse， inclination，wish 等。例如：1.Her daughter will make an even bigger effort to please her 2.I have no wishto quarrel withyou3.Neither of them had any inclination to do business with Mary. 5)不定式作
12、状语不定式结构在句中作状语通常都能转换为限制性状语从句。例如作原因状语：1.They are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area2.They are quite surprised because they see the great changes taking place in the area3.He was lucky to arrive before dark 4.He was lucky because he arrived before dark 作目的状语：1.She raised
13、her voice to be heared better2.She raised her voice so that she could heard better精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载3.We went via Heidelberg to miss the traffic jam 4.We went via Heidelberg so that we could miss the traffic jam 作结果状语 ：1.The French football team played
14、so successfully as to defeat the Brazilians2.The French football team played so successfully that they even defeated the Brazilians3.He got to the station only to be told the train had gone 4.He got to the station and was told that the train had gone不带 to 的不定式的使用动词不定式通常带to，但在有些搭配中不带to，在另一些搭配中可带to 可不
15、带to。归纳起来，以下情况下使用不带to 不定式：1) 在 cancould， /maymight，will would，shallshould，must， need ，dare等情态动词之后，动词不定式不带to。2)在表示感觉意义的动词， 如 see初中英语语法总结， feel， watch， notice， smell，hear，observe等后，或是表示 “ 致使” 意义的动词，如have ，let，make等后，动词不定式不带 to。例如：1.I often heard him say that he would study hard 2.I must have him see hi
16、s own mistakes 但是，当这类结构转换为被动语态时，后面的不带to 不定式一般转换为带to 不定式。例如：1.He was often heard to say that he would study hard2.After he had finished speaking ，he was made to answer innumerable questions3)在动词 help之后可用不带 to 的不定式，也可用带to 的不定式。例如：1.Help the old lady (to) carry the heavy box. 4) 在 had better ，would rat
17、her，maymight as well，rather than，can not but等搭配之后初中英语语法总结，动词不定式也不带to。例如：1.Unless you feel to ill to go out，I would rather not stay at home tonight 2.She could not but criticize his foolish behaviour. 5) 在 make do ，make believe，let drop，1et fall，1et fly，let slip，let drive，let go off，hear say ，hear te
18、ll，leave go of等固定搭配中，用不带to 的动词不定式。例如：1.They let go of the rope 他们松开了绳子。2.John let fly a torrent of abuse at me 约翰朝我痛骂了一顿。3.Ive heard tell of him我听说过他。4.Some of the faculty were let go for lack of the students 由于生源不足，一些教职员工被解雇了。6)在介词 but 初中英语语法总结初中英语语法总结，except之后，如果其前有动词 do 的某种形式，其后不定式一般不带to，反之则必须带 t
19、o，表示“ 不得不，只能” 。例如：1.He will do anything except work on the farm2.There was nothing left for the enemy to do but surrender 3.The spy was both hungry and cold ；there was nothing left for him but to give in4.I had no choice but to wait till it stopped raining精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - -
20、-第 3 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载下面一些短语是固定搭配，不带to：can not help but ， can not choose but ， can not but，do nothing but， have nothing to do but。例如：I can not but admire his courage. 如果上述句中有 do，to 省略：I did nothing but watch TV last night如果是下面一个固定搭配，就带to：I have no choice but to give up my idea. 7)紧跟在 why 或 why not 之后
21、的动词不定式总是不带to。 但是， 紧跟在 who， what，which，whether等连接词后的不定式带to。例如：Why stand up if you can sit down? Why not ask your teacher when you dont understand the meaning? You neednt decide yet whether to study arts or science4不定式的否定形式否定形式是在不定式的标志to 前加 not。例如：1.I decided not to ask him again 2.Please remember not
22、 to leave the lights on when you are out动词不定式练习一. 根据上句意思完成下句，使两句意思相近或相同，每空一词。1. He was so angry that he couldnt say anything.He was too angry _ _ anything. 2. I dont know when we will have the meeting.I don t know when _ _ the meeting. 3. He said he would write a letter. He said he would have a lett
23、er _ _. 4. That you read English in the morning is very important. It is very important _ you _ _ English in the morning. 5. He was so strong that he could lift the stone. （石头）He was strong _ _ _ the stone. 6. His father went to Beijing for his holiday. His father went to Beijing _ _ his holiday. 7.
24、 They got up early so that they could get there in time. They got up early _ _ _ _ there in time. 8. His brother decided that he would buy the book. His brother decided _ _ the book. 9. He hopes that he can visit the Great Wall. He hopes _ _ the Great Wall. 10.I saw him go into the room. He was seen
25、 _ _ into the room. 11.We made him work five hours a day. He was made _ _ five hours a day. 12.Do you want to say anything for yourself? Do you have anything _ _ for yourself? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载13.We don t know what we shall do next.We dont know what _
26、_ next.14.I m very sorry on hearing the bad news.I m very sorry _ _ the bad news. 15.He stopped and had a look at me. He stopped _ _ a look at me. 16.I helped him with his English. I helped him _ _ English. 17.My father promised （许诺） that he would buy me a bike. My father promised _ _ me a bike. 18.
27、The box is so heavy that I cant carry it.The box is too heavy _ me _ _. 19. “Lie down! ”the boy said to his dog.The boy ordered his dog _ _ down. 20. “Dont make any noise, ”she said to me. She told me _ _ _ any noise. 二. 单选：1. This company was the first _ portable radios as well as cassette tape rec
28、orders in the world. A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced 2. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, _it more difficult. A .not making B. not make C .not to make D. nor to make 3. Helen had to shout _above the sound of the music . A .making herself hear B. to make
29、herself hear C. making herself heard D .to make herself heard 4. I dont know whether you happen_ ,but I am going to study in the U.S.A this September. A .to be heard. B. to be bearing C .to hear D .to have heard 5. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _the film stars had left. A .to tell
30、B .to be told C .telling D .told 6. You were silly not _your car. A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked 7. The teacher asked us _so much noise. A .don t make B. not make C. not making D .not to make 8. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _clear warnin
31、gs before firing any shots. A .to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued 9. Id rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than_ a room with someone else. A. to share B. to have shared C. share D. sharing 10. The bank is reported in the local newspaper_ in broad daylight yest
32、erday. A. robbed B. to have been robbed C. being robbed D. having been robbed 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载11. A number of paintings in the castle are believed _in a fire. A. being destroyed B. having been destroyed C. to be destroyed D. to have been destroyed 12.
33、 The meeting _ next week is sure to be a great success. A. to take place B. to be taken place C. to have taken place D. being taken place 13. As a result of my laziness, I failed _ my work in time. A. and finishedB. to finishC. and finishingD. to finished 14. I am sorry _ written you a letter at the
34、 time. A. to have notB. to not haveC. not to haveD. not having 15. Will you lend him a magazine _? A. to be readB. for readingC. to readD. he read 16. He could do nothing but _for the bus _. A. wait, to come B. wait; come C. waiting; coming D. waited; came 17 .It is a problem that doesnt need _ righ
35、t now. A. to solveB. solvingC. being solvedD. to be solving 18. There s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _ trouble. A. making B. to make C. to have made D. having made 19. I remember _him _the bike needed _. A. hearing, saying, to repair B. to hear, say, to repai
36、r C. hearing, say, repairing D. to hear, saying, to be repaired 20. - You should have thanked her before you left. - I meant _, but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere.A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing so 21. Robert is said to _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. A. to hav
37、e studied B. to study B. to be studying D. to have been studying 22. Im gong to Xian next week. Have you anything _ to your parents? A. to take B. to be taken C. to be bought to D. to buy 23. when are they _ in their plan? A. hand B. handed C. to hand D. give 24. In such dry weather, the flowers wil
38、l have to be watered if they _. A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survived D. will survive 25. When we hurried to the station, there happened _ no bus at that time. A. to have B. to be C. having D. being 26. I lost my way in complete darkness and, _ matters worse, it began to rain. A. made
39、 B. having made C. making D. to make 27. At _ time does the salesgirl get up late in the morning, though she is always too busy _ a good rest. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载A. no, to take B. no, taking C. any, to take D. one, taking 28. -Are you a student? -No, but
40、 I used _. A. to be B. to was C. to do D. to be a 29. I stopped to listen, and my son seemed _ himself _ in the living room. A. to enjoy, to shut B. to be enjoying, shutting C. to be enjoying, shut D. to have enjoyed, having shut 30. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is
41、 having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 31. We re leaving at six oclock, and hope _ most of the journey by lunch time. A. to do B. to have done C. to make D. to have made 32. The study of the wild world may help to make the world easier _. A. understood B. to be und
42、erstood C. to understand D. understand 33. Who will you get _ the project for us? A. design B. to design C. designed D. designing 34. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government know _. A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it 35. We
43、are not allowed _ outdoors with some other children. A. playing B. to be playing C. to play D. be playing 36. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much 37. She feels so strongly that each of us sh
44、ould have a role _in making the earth a better place to live in. A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing 38. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _. A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to 39. Do let your mother know al
45、l the truth, she appears _ everything. A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told 40. There are five pairs _, but Im at a loss which to buy.A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing 41. The problem is _ difficult for us _. A. so; work out B. very too; to be w
46、orked out C. rather too, to work out D. quite too, to work it out 42. -Where should I _ my application? -The personnel office is the place _. A. send; to send it B. send for; to send it to C. send for; for sending it D. send; to send it to 43. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my
47、new job. A. expected B. to expect C. expects D. to be expecting 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载44. I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child. A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame 45. Can you imagine the questions I had _
48、 our teacher? A. asked B. to ask C. asking D. ask 46. Who did you _ the wall yesterday? A. have painted B. have paint C. have to paint D. have painting 47. -Whats the matter with John ? -He didn t pass the test but he still _.A. hopes so B. hopes to C. hope it D. hope that 48. Much attention should
49、be paid _ peoples living conditions.A. in improving B. to improve C. improving D. to improving 49. _ that evening was due to his ill health. A. He failed to come B. That he failed to coming C. His failure to come D. His failure in coming 50. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work e
50、xtra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 51. My family considers _ a computer, which is considered _ a great help in our work and study. A. to buy; to be B. buying; being C. to buy; being D. buying; to be 52. With the plane _ in ten minutes, all the passengers
51、on board were asked to turn off their mobile phones. A. taken off B. taking off C. to take off D. would take off 53. Thank you for all the trouble youve taken _ me. A. to help B. with to help C. in helping D. of helping 54. He is believed _ the college exam, for he is now studying very hard now. A.
52、to pass B. to have passed C. pass D. that he can pass 55.- Will you have anybody _ the flowers? - Yes, Ill have the flowers _.A. plant, planted B. to plant, planted C. plant; to be planted D. to plant , plant 56. They are looking forward with hope_ from you soon. A. to hearing B. of hearing C. heari
53、ng D. to hear 57. Busy translating a book, he couldnt help _ the article.A. write B. writing C. wrote D. written 58. Zhou Lan doesnt have to be made_. She always studies very hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned 59. _this cake, youll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar, and 175 g flour.A. Having m
54、ade, B, Make C. To make D. Making 60. I feel it an honour _ to speak here. A. to be asked B. to ask C. having asked D. asked 61. He asked me _ here earlier. A. come B. to come C. coming D. came 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载62. Please tell him _ on the wall. A. don
55、 t drawB. to not draw C. not to draw D. not draw 63. He wanted _ a cup of tea. A. to have B. having C. have D. had 64. Id like _ a word with you.A. had B. having C. to have D. have 65. I came here _ my uncle. A. saw B. to see C. seeing D. to be seen 66. The man refused （拒绝） _ back his words. A. to t
56、ake B. taking C. took D. takes 67. I can let you _ one ticket. A. to have B. have C. having D. had 68. We often heard him _ in his room. A. to sing B. sings C. sang D. sing 69. He was made _ day and night. A. work B. working C. to work D. worked 70. He stopped _ a look, but saw nothing. A. having B.
57、 to have C. have D. had 71. My father was too angry _ a word. A. to say B. not to say C. to saying D. didn t say72. My brother was old enough _ to school. A. went B. goes C. going D. to go 73. It is time _ him _ supper. A. of, to have B. for, to have C. of, having D. for, to has 74. Its very kind _
58、you _ me.A. of, to help B. for, to help C. of, help D. of, helping 75. Its important _ our classroom clean every day.A. kept B. to keep C. to give D. keep 76. Before liberation （解放） they had no chance _ to school. A. went B. go C. to go D. to be gone 77. He said he had an important meeting _. A. att
59、end B. would attend C. attending D. to attend 78. Please give me a piece of paper _. A. to write B. to write on C. writing D. to write it 79. I dont know _.A. what do B. what will do C. what to do D. do what 80. Your radio needs _. A. to be repaired B. to repair C. repaired D. to repairing 81. My wi
60、sh is _ a teacher. A. becoming B. to become C. become D. became 82. I want _ him a letter now. A. to write B. not write C. write D. wrote 83. It took us three days _ the trees. A. plant B. planted C. to plant D. plants 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载84. Why not _ he
61、re _ me? A. to come, to see B. come, to see C. came, seeing D. come, see 85. He wishes me _ my best _ hard at English. A. to do, to work B. doing, working C. to do, working D. do, work 86. Please tell me _ her. I have something _ her. A. where to find, telling B. where to find, to tell C. where can
62、find, to tell D. where finding, telling 87. How happy they are _ each other again! A. to see B. see C. saw D. being seen 88. They decided （决心） _ a letter _ their thanks. A. to write, expressing（表达）B. writing, express C. write, expressed D. to write, to express 89. The officer ordered （命令） him _ down
63、 _ a rest. A. lying, have B. to lie, to have C. to lie, having D. lie, had 90. The headmaster called on （号召） us _ hard for our country. A. to work B. worked C. work D. to working 动词不定式练习参考答案一 . 1. to say 2. to have 3. to write 4. for, to, read 5. enough, to lift 6. to spend 7. in, order, to, get 8.
64、to buy 9. to visit 10. to go 11. to work 12. to say 13. to do 14. to hear 15. to have 16. to learn（study）17. to buy 18. for, to carry 19. to lie 20. not, to make 二. 1-10 BCDDB BDACB 11-20 DABCC ABBCB 21-30 ABCBB DAACC 31-40 BCBCC ABCDB 4150CDBAB BBDCB 5160 DCAAA AABCA 61-70 BCACB ABDCB 71-80 ADBAB CDBCA 81-90 BACBA BADBA 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 10 页
