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1、inversion倒装倒装倒装（inversion）一、完全倒装一、完全倒装 完全倒装是把谓语动词完全置于主语前，其中完全倒装是把谓语动词完全置于主语前，其中主语必须是主语必须是名词名词，若为，若为代词则不倒装代词则不倒装，这种结构中谓语部分无助动词（，这种结构中谓语部分无助动词（ be，do ，have ）和情态动词，但可以有连系动词和情态动词，但可以有连系动词 be .须用完全倒装的情况有：须用完全倒装的情况有：1. 当句首为表示方向的副词当句首为表示方向的副词 out ，in ，up ，down ，off ，等，且主语为名词时，等，且主语为名词时，应用完全倒装。如：应用完全倒装。如：In
2、 came the doctor. 医生进来了。医生进来了。There goes the bell. 铃响了。铃响了。 2. Here, there, now, then 开头的句子里。开头的句子里。 Here comes the bus. Now comes your turn 3.当表示地点的介词短语位于句首，且主语为名词时，应用完全倒装。如：当表示地点的介词短语位于句首，且主语为名词时，应用完全倒装。如：On top of the hill stands a big pine tree.山顶上耸立着一棵大松树。山顶上耸立着一棵大松树。Under the tree were some ch
3、ildren.树下有一些孩子。树下有一些孩子。24. 在在 there be 结构中，结构中，there 为引导词，为引导词，be动词之后为句子的主语，属完动词之后为句子的主语，属完全倒装，全倒装，be 应与主语保持一致。除应与主语保持一致。除 be 以外，能与以外，能与 there 连用的动词还有连用的动词还有 seem ，exist，happen ，appear ，live ，stand 等。如：等。如：There were a lot of people in the park last Sunday.上周日公园里有很多人。上周日公园里有很多人。Once there lived a ki
4、ng who was cruel to his people.从前有一位对人民很残暴的国王。从前有一位对人民很残暴的国王。5.作表语的形容词、过去分词等较短，而主语相对比较长，为了保持句作表语的形容词、过去分词等较短，而主语相对比较长，为了保持句子平衡而将表语前置时，句子的主谓也应完全倒装。如：子平衡而将表语前置时，句子的主谓也应完全倒装。如：Typical for China is the crosstalk show，in which two comedians entertain the audiences with words.中国典型的艺术形式是相声，两名演员用言语来逗乐观众。中国典
5、型的艺术形式是相声，两名演员用言语来逗乐观众。Gone are the days when we Chinese were looked down upon.中国人民被歧视的日子已成为过去。中国人民被歧视的日子已成为过去。36. 某些表示祝愿的句子也可用完全倒装（或部分倒装）。如：某些表示祝愿的句子也可用完全倒装（或部分倒装）。如：Long live the Chinese Communist Party of China！中国共产党万岁！中国共产党万岁！May you succeed！ 祝你成功！祝你成功！部分倒装部分倒装部分倒装是把部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句
6、子中没有动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词这些词,要在主语之前加助动词要在主语之前加助动词do / does / did等等,而把原来的谓语动词变成原而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。主语可以是名词也可以是代词。通常应使用部分倒装的情况形放在主语之后。主语可以是名词也可以是代词。通常应使用部分倒装的情况有：有：1. 当句首为否定或半否定词当句首为否定或半否定词 never ，neither ，nor，little ，seldom ，hardly ，scarcely ，in no way ，few ， not ，no等时，应用部分倒装。如：等时，应用部分倒装。如：Se
7、ldom does he spend his time playing cards.他很少花时间去玩扑克。他很少花时间去玩扑克。Never have I heard of that place before.我以前从未听说过那个地方。我以前从未听说过那个地方。42. only修饰时间、地点、方式、原因等状语时，应用部分倒装。如：修饰时间、地点、方式、原因等状语时，应用部分倒装。如：Only in this way can we solve the problem.只有这样，我们才能解决这个问题。只有这样，我们才能解决这个问题。Only when you told me did I know h
8、er name.直到你告诉我，我才知道她的名字。直到你告诉我，我才知道她的名字。注意：如果注意：如果 only修饰的不是状语，则句子不倒装。如：修饰的不是状语，则句子不倒装。如：Only Uncle Li knows how it happened.只有李叔叔知道这件事是怎么发生的。只有李叔叔知道这件事是怎么发生的。3. 表示对前者的陈述也适用后者时，肯定倒装用表示对前者的陈述也适用后者时，肯定倒装用“ so + 助动词情态助动词情态动词动词 +后者后者”，否定倒装用，否定倒装用“ neither / nor + 助动词助动词 / 情态动词情态动词 + 后者后者”。如：如：He can spe
9、ak English，so can I.他会说英语，我也会。他会说英语，我也会。If she doesnt go there tomorrow，neither/ nor will I.如果她明天不去那儿，我也不去。如果她明天不去那儿，我也不去。5注意注意“ so + 助动词助动词 / 情态动词情态动词 + 主语主语”与与“ so + 主语主语 +助动词助动词 / 情态动词情态动词”的区别：的区别：前者表示所说的主语和前面主语的情况一样，所谈到的是两个人或物，意前者表示所说的主语和前面主语的情况一样，所谈到的是两个人或物，意为为“也是这样也是这样”；后者所谈为同一人或物，说话者表示同意前者的观点
10、，；后者所谈为同一人或物，说话者表示同意前者的观点，意为意为“的确如此的确如此”。如：。如： Li Lei likes sports.李雷喜欢运动。李雷喜欢运动。 So he does and so do I.他的确喜欢，我也是的。他的确喜欢，我也是的。 4. so 及及“ so + 形容词形容词 /副词副词”置于句首时，应用部分倒装。如：置于句首时，应用部分倒装。如：So frightened was he that he didnt dare move.他如此惊慌以至不敢动弹。他如此惊慌以至不敢动弹。So quietly did she speak that we could not he
11、ar a word.她说话声音这么低，以至我们一个字也没听到。她说话声音这么低，以至我们一个字也没听到。5. such 及及“ such + 形容词形容词 +名词名词”置于句首时，应用部分倒装。如：置于句首时，应用部分倒装。如：Such good players are they that they often win.他们是好队员，所以他们经常获胜。他们是好队员，所以他们经常获胜。66. 由由 not only but also 引起的并列句，若将引起的并列句，若将 not only 置于置于句首时，该分句应部分倒装，句首时，该分句应部分倒装， but also 引导的分句不倒装。而由引导的
12、分句不倒装。而由neither nor 引起的并列句，两个分句都倒装。如：引起的并列句，两个分句都倒装。如：Not only did he give me some advice，but also he lent me some money.他不但给我提了建议，而且还借给了我一些钱。他不但给我提了建议，而且还借给了我一些钱。Neither does he watch TV，nor does he see films in the evening.他晚上既不看电视也不看电影。他晚上既不看电视也不看电影。7. 由连接词由连接词 No sooner than ，Scarcely when ，Hard
13、ly when 引起的主从复合句，主句应倒装，从句不倒装。如：引起的主从复合句，主句应倒装，从句不倒装。如：No sooner had he gone to bed than he fell asleep.他一上床就睡着了。他一上床就睡着了。Hardly had I got into the classroom when it began to rain.我刚一进教室天就下起雨来。我刚一进教室天就下起雨来。78. not until 引起的时间状语置于句首时，句子的主谓应部分倒装。由引起的时间状语置于句首时，句子的主谓应部分倒装。由not until 引导的时间状语从句位于句首时，主句应部分倒
14、装，从句语序不变。如：引导的时间状语从句位于句首时，主句应部分倒装，从句语序不变。如：Not until 1998 did he return to his hometown.直到直到 1998 年他才回到家乡。年他才回到家乡。Not until Father came back did we begin to have supper last night.昨晚直到父亲回来，我们才开始吃晚饭。昨晚直到父亲回来，我们才开始吃晚饭。注意：当注意：当 not until引导的状语或状语从句用于强调句型时，句子的主语不倒引导的状语或状语从句用于强调句型时，句子的主语不倒装。如将上两句改为强调句应为：装
15、。如将上两句改为强调句应为：It was not until 1998 that he returned to his hometown.It was not until Father came back that we began to have supper last night.9. 省略省略 if 的虚拟条件句，可将的虚拟条件句，可将 were ，had ，should提至主语前。如：提至主语前。如：Were I you，I would go there tomorrow.要是我是你，我明天就会去那儿。要是我是你，我明天就会去那儿。Had you been there，you woul
16、d have met the manager himself.要是你去了那儿，你就会见到经理本人了。要是你去了那儿，你就会见到经理本人了。810. 表示时间频率且有肯定意义的词语表示时间频率且有肯定意义的词语 often ，every day，now and again 等等置于句首用来强调时，应用部分倒装。如：置于句首用来强调时，应用部分倒装。如：Often does he send me e-mails to greet me.他经常给我发电子信件问候我。他经常给我发电子信件问候我。practice:1) Hardly _ the airport when the plane took o
17、ff.A. I had arrived atB. had I arrived C. had I reachedD. I had got to2) Have you ever seen anything like that before?No, _ anything like that before.A. I never have seenB. never I have seen C. never have I seenD. I have seen3) She is not fond of cooking, _ I.A. so amB. nor amC. neitherD. nor do4) O
18、nly in this way _ make progress in your English.A. youB. can youC. you be able toD. will you able to5) Only when the meeting was over_ go back to meet his friend.A. he couldB. he was able toC. was he able toD. was able to he96) I like sports and _ my brother.A. so doesB. so isC. so canD. so likes7)
19、The doctor told Charlie to breathe deeply and _.A. so did Charlie B. Charlie did so C. Charlie does soD. did Charlie so8) So loudly _ that _ hear her clearly.A. did she speak; could everyoneB. did she speak; everyone couldC. she spoke; could everyoneD. she spoke; everyone could9) _ himself wrong, bu
20、t his friends were wrong.A. Not was only heB. Not only heC. Not only was heD. Not only was10) Not until the early years of the 19th century _ know what heat is. A. man didB. manC. didnt manD. did man11) Not until I began to work _ realize how much time I had wasted.A. didnt IB. did IC. I didntD. I12
21、) _, hes honest.A. As he is poorB. Poor is heC. Poor as he isD. Poor as is he1013) Many a time _ swimming alone.A. the boy wentB. went the boyC. did the boy goD. did go the boy1._come to our country as today.A.Foreign guests who have neverB.Never so many foreign guests haveC.Never have so many forei
22、gn guestsD.The foreign guests arent ever2._that he could not speak for a long time.A.So frightened was heB.So frightened he wasC.Was he so frightenedD.Frightened was he 3.Many a time _good advice.A.gives me hisB.he gives meC.I give himD.does he give me4.Rarely_so difficult a choice.A.she could have
23、faced withB.could have she faced withC.she could have been faced withD.could she have been faced with综合练习综合练习115.In a phycial change no new substance is formed,_in the composition of mater.A.nor does any change take placeB.nor any change takes placeC.not any change takes placeD.either any change tak
24、e place6.Only in a few countries_a reasonable standard of living.A.the whole of the population enjoyB.the whole of the population enjoysC.does the whole of the population enjoyD.has a whole of the population enjoy7.Seldom_to come over to have a chat with him in those days.A.have I have timeB.did I h
25、ave timeC.I have timeD.I have got time8.Tomorrow will be Sunday._.A.So it willB.So will itC.Either it willD.Either will it1210.The teacher is not too happy with the student,and_is his father. A.notB.neitherC.eitherD.so11.No sooner had theyreached the station_the train let. A.untilB.whenC.thenD.than1
26、2.Under no circumstances and at no time _the first to use nuclear weapon. A.we areB.we will beC.were weD.shall we be13._,he sat up late writing his book. A.As he was tiredB.Tired though he was C.Tired as was heD.It is bcause he was tired14.Never before that night_the extent of my own power. A.had I
27、feltB.I feltC.did I feelD.I had felt15.Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of English grammar_writer in English correctly. A.you willB.can youC.you canD.you could9.Little _that the district was very rich in resources.A.we suspectectedB.we did suspectC.did we suspectD.do we suspect13answers:practice:1)5) CCBBC 6)10) ABBCD 11)13) BCC综合练习：综合练习：1-5CADDA6-10 CBACB11-15DDBAB14
