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1、剑桥少儿英语教师上岗培训讲座剑桥少儿英语教师上岗培训讲座ATrainingSessionforPre-serviceTeachersofCYLE26/11/2005浙江大学教育学院 褚献华1Enjoyable and Effective 2Outline 提纲提纲 Childrenaslanguagelearners儿童学习语言的特点Approaches&Principles教学途径和原则Effectiveteachingstrategies有效的教学策略Priorities for CYLE剑桥少儿英语的教学重点3学习目标学习目标 Learning ObjectivesAfterthisle
2、cture,youareexpectedto听了今天的讲座，希望您能1.StatethecharacteristicsofchildrenlearningEnglish说出少儿学习外语的特点l小学生的特点、学习过程、学习的条件2.ExplainthekeyprinciplesandstrategiesforteachingyounglearnersEnglish解释少儿英语教学的重要原则和策略l以学生为中心、交际为导向、活动为基础4Please ask yourself：lWhydochildrenlearnEnglish?少儿英语教学的主要目的是什么？lWhataretheircharact
3、eristics?少儿学习外语有哪些特点？lWhatapproachismoreeffective?什么样的教学途径对少儿更有效?5Why teach Children English? To develop learners capability of using English. 培养学生综合的语言运用能力培养学生综合的语言运用能力情感态度affectiveattitude语言技能languageskills语言知识languageknowledge学习策略learningstrategies文化意识culturalawareness6少儿英语教学的目的少儿英语教学的目的了解英语国家文化形
4、成世界意识初步形成英语学习策略良好的语音基础初步的口头交际能力学习和掌握英语语言基础知识建立英语学习的兴趣和信心形成积极的态度7少儿作为外语学习者少儿作为外语学习者young learners of EnglishlYounglearners:strengthsandweaknesses少儿学习外语的优势和弱点lLanguagelearningapproachesforyounglearners少儿语言学习的途径lExternalconditionsforeffectiveYLE少儿英语学习的外部条件8学习能力是与生俱来的学习能力是与生俱来的The ability to learn is in
5、nate. l学习是在一定的社会文化情境中，通过参与活动、与他人交流而实现的意义建构过程。Learningisaprocessofmeaningconstructioninasocio-culturalcontextbythelearnersinvolvementintheactivitiesandcommunicationl每个学生都是积极的探究者和知识建构者。l学生原有的知识经验是新知识的生长基点。l学生需求、兴趣和自主性是有效学习的内部基础。l与他人的互动和正确的引导对意义建构非常重要。9Childrenaslanguagelearners儿童作为语言学习者10Childrenaremo
6、reenthusiasticandlivelyareboldtohaveagoatanactivityhavelesspsycho-stressonlearninghavemoretimetolearn热情积极活泼勇于参与活动心理压力较少学习时间较多11But theylarelesscognitivelydevelopedlcantretaintheirattentionlonglloseinterestmorequicklylhavelesslearningexperiencel认知水平较低l注意保持较短l容易丧失兴趣l学习经验较少12少儿如何有效地学英语？少儿如何有效地学英语？HowYL
7、 learn English?l通过类似母语习得的自然途径inanaturalwayl通过在信任接受的氛围中互动byinteractingwitheachotherinanatmosphereoftrustandacceptancel通过参与多种有趣的活动byparticipatinginavarietyofinterestingactivitiesl通过模仿和重复、唱歌和诵读等byimitatingandrepeating,singingandchanting13自然的方式The natural wayExposure to language 感受语言Comprehension 理解意思Im
8、itation 模仿Active use 活用语言Language input语言输入Language output语言输出14Notice注意注意 Want想学想学 Engage 参与参与Link 联系联系Succeed成功成功 少儿少儿学习语言的过程学习语言的过程the process of YL language learning15Clear objectives 的兴趣正确的示范正确的示范Correct demonstration可理解的输入可理解的输入Understandable input轻松的氛围轻松的氛围Stress-free atmosphere有意义的互动有意义的互动Me
9、aningful interaction积极的强化积极的强化Positive reinforcement充分的参与充分的参与Adequate involvement少儿学习英语的外部条件少儿学习英语的外部条件External Conditions for Children Learning English16ExternalConditionsforCYLElUnderstandableinput可理解的输入lCorrectdemonstration正确的示范lMeaningfulinteraction有意义的互动lAdequateinvolvement充分的参与lStress-freeatm
10、osphere轻松的氛围lPositivereinforcement积极的强化17l儿童以一种类似自然的语言习得方式学习外语l他们具备学习外语的优势和但也有劣势l他们的英语技能不是老师“教给”的，而是他们在参与学习活动过程中“学会”的。l他们学习外语需要有利的外部条件。重要理念重要理念 Key ideas18常见的问题常见的问题Common problemsl教师没有提供足够机会引起学生的注意l教学目标与学生的需要不一致l学生不愿努力尝试l词句太难；不知如何做；没趣味l活动机会不够难以记忆和运用l经历过多的失败失去信心l不能有效地建立联系不能活用l操练太狭窄；内容难于内化；或缺乏挑战性l 如何
11、改进？如何改进？19ImplicationsforTeachers对教师的启示20The teacher should beawarethatlanguageacquisitionisa natural process认识语言习得是个自然的过程Speechfirst口语领先Stepbystep循序渐进212.adoptmethodscompatiblewiththechildrensdevelopmental stage 教学法方法适应儿童发展阶段Active,hands-on动手活动Multi-dimensionallearning223.Makethelearningrelevanttoc
12、hildrensinterests and perspective学习结合儿童的兴趣和认识Concretevocabulary具体的词汇Here-and-nowcontent身边的内容Startwherechildrenare234.Theteachershouldprovideunderstandable languageandnecessarysupport5.Theteachershouldprovidemanyopportunities forlanguageinteraction246.Theteachershouldsupportpupilsmotivation andself-e
13、steemwhilediminishingtheiranxiety257.Theteachershouldvaluetheroleoftheclassroom environmentinsupportinglearning26Behavioralapproach行为主义途径Focus:thereinforcementofbehaviorthroughrepetitionandrewardslTeachercontrolslearnersbehaviorandlearningprocesslTeacherhasaclearlessonplanlEnglishpatternsarerepeated
14、throughdrillsandchoralrepetitionlSuccessisreinforcedbypraiseandrewards27Inputapproach语言输入途径Focus:theinputoflanguagefromtheteacher,tapes,readingmateriallLearnersareexposedtoEnglishunderstandableorjustbeyondtheirpresentlevellLearnersarenotexpectedtoproducelanguageuntiltheyfeelreadylTeacherintroducenew
15、wordsandpatternsthroughphysicaldemonstrationlLearnersareencouragedtobephysicallyactive28Humanisticapproach人本主义途径Focus:theimportanceoftheinnerthoughtsandfeelingsofeachlearnerlDevelopmentofinter-personalskillsisencouragedlFocusisonthelearningprocesslEachchildisallowedtomakechoiceandpacelLearnersareemo
16、tionallyimmersedinthelessonlMotivationcomesfrominside,notexternalrewardlChildrenareensuredtofeelleastanxietylTeacherisa“facilitator”andencouragechildrenlearnnaturally29Constructivistapproach建构主义途径Focus:childasanindividualtryingtomakesensetotheworldlEachchildisanactiveexplorerlAchildtendstomoveindire
17、ctionsthathavepersonalmeaninglAchildhasthepotentialtoreachbeyondthepresentlevel,butneedstointeractwithadultsandpeershavingmoreknowledgelAchildlearnslanguageintheattempttocommunicate30Three Important PrincipleslChild-Centeredperspective以儿童为中心的教育理念lSpeech-Orientedapproach以口语为导向教学途径lActivity-Basedinter
18、action以活动为基础的互动模式31Child-CenteredlYounglearnerscharacteristics,needsandinterest少儿的特点、需要和兴趣lLearner-centeredinstructionin以学习者为中心的教学体现在ldesigningalesson（备课）lteachingalesson（上课）lassigninghomework（作业）lassessinglearning（评价）32Speech-OrientedlTeachinginEnglish用英语教学lUnderstandableinput可理解输入lScaffolding提供“脚手
19、架”支持lAuthenticlanguage真实的语言lMeaningfulcommunication有意义交流lRealia-supportedinteraction教具辅助的互动lSpeech-basedskilldevelopment口语为基础的技能发展33Activity-BasedlActivatinglearning激发学生积极性lStimulatinginterest刺激兴趣lMultipleIntelligencestrategies多元智能策略lEngagingalllearners促进全体参与lGrouplearning小组集体活动lPeertutorial同伴互助lInt
20、egratingskills整合技能lRecurrentpractice循环实践lMulti-skilledcommunication多技能的交流34LanguageLearningActivitiesListeningListenandrepeat听听读读Listenandguess听听猜猜Listenandact(match/find/draw,etc)听听做做SpeakingDrawandaskquestions画图提问Whisperasentence轻声传话Pairsfinding寻找对子Speakingchain连环说话Storytelling讲故事Guessinggames猜谜游戏
21、Interview/survey采访调查35ReadingPhonics认读方法Readandcolour阅读图色Readandmatch阅读配对Readanddraw阅读画图Wordgames单词游戏WritingSpellingbee拼词比赛Enricheddictation多种听写Describingthepicture描述图片Journalwriting记日记36Priorities for CYLElPositiveattitudetowardlearningEnglish 学习英语的积极态度lCorrectpronunciationandintonation 正确的语音语调lBas
22、icskillsofEnglish 最基础的英语听说读写技能 Topics, structures, words as listed in the syllabuses 大纲中所列话题、结构和词汇37AfewmorewordsWeshouldhaveastrongbeliefthatlEverychildwillbecomeasuccessfulL2learner每个孩子都会是个成功的第二语言学习者lEverychildneedsourhandtohold每个孩子都需要我们的扶持38Makesuretotelleverychild:You + Me = Specialandyourself:P
23、rogress=learning+practice+reflection39TimeforQuestions40Thank you for your attention.Good luck in your teaching.从此网站下载：http:/41The natural wayExposure to language 感受语言Comprehension 理解意思Imitation 模仿Active use 活用语言Language input语言输入Language output语言输出42感知运动阶段前运算阶段具体运算阶段逻辑运算阶段43MultipleIntelligences 多元
24、智能Linguistic intelligence(“wordsmart”)(语言文字智能)Logical-mathematical intelligence(“logic/mathsmart)(逻辑-数学智能)Spatial intelligence(“picturesmart”)(视觉空间智能)Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence(“bodysmart”)(身体运动智能)Musical intelligence(“musicsmart”)(音乐旋律智能)Interpersonal intelligence(peoplesmart)(人际关系智能)Intrapers
25、onal intelligence(selfsmart)(自我认识智能)Naturalist intelligence(“naturesmart”)(自然观察者智能)44TheEightIntelligences45Scaffolding提供“脚手架”Gettingchildreninterestedinthetask激发儿童们对任务的兴趣Simplifyingthetask;breakingitdownintosmallersteps简化任务、化整为零Keepingchildrenontask;remindingthemofgoals保持儿童们参与，提示学习目标Pointingoutwhat
26、isimportant指出重点Preventing/managingfrustration预防/化解挫折46Choose what to say: SituationsYoumeetafriendYouwanttoaskyourteachersomethingYouseeyourteacherYourfriendlookssadSomeonegivesyouanicecreamYoulikethefilmverymuchYouhavetogohomeItsyourfriendsbirthdayYouwanttoplaytenniswithyourfriendYoucanthearsomethi
27、ngYourmumwantstotakeyoushopping47Questions for Starters (A)1.Whatsyourname?Whatsyourfriendsname?2.Howdoyouspellyourname?3.Howoldareyou?Howoldisthemonkey?4.Whatsthis?Whatarethese?5.Whichisyourruler?6.Whatsinyourschoolbag?7.Whatcolourisyourbag?8.Whatcolourdoyoulike?Doyoulikepurple?9.Whosthatboy?10.Hav
28、eyougotabike?4811.Hasthecatgotanyfish?Whathasitgot?12.Howmanychildrenarethereinthepicture?13.Whatsyourfavouritefruit?14.Whatdoyouwant?Doyouwantaburgeroranicecream?15.Whosebagisthis?IsitPeters?16.WhereisyourEnglishbook?17.Whathaveyougotforbreakfast?Whatsforlunch?18.Howdoyougotoschool?Doyougotoschoolb
29、ybus?19.Whatdocatsliketoeat?20.Whatdoyoudoeveryday?49Questions for Starters (B)1.Howareyou?2. What animals do you like? Do you likedogs?3.Whereisthecat?Isitunderthechair?4.WhatsSuedoingnow?5.Whataretheboysdoinginthegarden?6.WhatsBobplyingwith?7.Whodoyouoftenplaywith?8.CanIhavesomejuice?9.Wheredoyouh
30、avemeals?10.Whatsinyourbedroom?5011.Whatdoyoudoatschool?12.WhatdoesSallydoeveryday?13.Whatsyourphonenumber?14.WhatdoesLilylikedoing?15.Canyoujumplikeakangaroo?16.Whatsyourhobby?Doyoulikefishing?17.Howmanyapplesdoyouwant?18.WheredoesTomoftenplaybadminton?19.WhichisMary,thegirlingreenorinred?20.Whered
31、oyoulive?Wheredoesafishlive?51Questions for Movers (A)1.Whatdayistoday？2.Whatstheweatherliketoday?3.Whereareyougoing?4.Whosetoycaristhis?Isityours?5.Doyouoftenplayfootball?6.WhatdoesPeterdoeveryday?7.Areyouhungry?Whatdoyouwanttohave?8.Whichisbigger,thesunorthemoon?9. Why does the earth look bigger t
32、han thesun?10.Whosthetallestinyourclass?5211.Howmanydaysarethereinaweek？12.WhatdoyouusuallydoonSunday?13.WhatdidyoudolastSunday？14.Wherewereyourfriendsyesterday?15.Whatdidyourfriendswanttodo?Movers (B)16.Whatareyougoingtodo?17.Whosyourbestfriend?18.Whichfloordoyouliveon?19.ShallIwashmysocks?20.Would
33、youlikesomeapples?5321.Whatdoyoulikedoingbest?22.HowdidJackgotohisgrandfathershouse?23.Howmuchistheicecream?24.Howoftendoyougotothecinema?25.CanIhelpyou?MayIcomein?26.Whatswrongwithyou?Whatsthematterwithyou?27.Whatdoyoudoifyouhaveacold?28.Whatmustyoudobeforeyougetonatrain?29.WhatdoesKevinsfatherdo?3
34、0.Wheredoeshework?Whatdoeshehavetodoonweekdays?5431.Whatdidyouseewhenyoucameintotheroom?32.Howmuchwaterdoyouneed?33.Whatkindoffoodwouldyouliketoeat?34.Whendoesthetrainleave?35.WherecanItakethebus?36.Howoftendoesyourmothergoshopping?37.Whatdoyoupaintthehousewith?38.Howdidhegoupstairs?39.Whatisyourfri
35、endlike?40.Whyisthegirlhappy?55Questions for Flyers1.Whatwastheweatherlikeyesterday?2.Whatsyourfavouriteseason?Whathappensinsummer?3.WhendidBobgetupyesterday?4.HowlongdidittakeBobbytocleantheroom?5.Whywerentyouatschoolyesterday?6.Whatwillyoudoifitsnowstomorrow?7.WhatlanguagedopeoplespeakinJapan?8.Ho
36、wlonghaveyoulearnedEnglish?9.HowmanytimeshaveyoubeentotheChildrensPark?10.Howlonghasyourunclebeenadoctor?5611.Howfarisitfromyourhometoourschool?12.Whatdoesyourteacherwantyoutodo?13.Whatcan/cantyoudointhelibrary?14.WhenisChildrensDay?15.WhatcanIdoforyou?16.Whereshallwegoforthepicnictomorrow？17.Whatwi
37、llyoudowhenyouleaveschool?18.Howmanystampshaveyoucollected?19.Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?20.WhatdopeopledoduringtheSpringFestival?5721.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenafrogandafish?22.HowwellcanyourfriendspeakEnglish?23.Whatdoesadolphinlooklike?24.Howtallareyou?25.Whatcolourclothesdoyouliketowear
38、?26.Onwhatdaysoftheweekareyouverybusy?27.Whydomostchildrenlikesummerbest?28.Whatisyourfatherssistercalled?29.Whatisthisdeskmadeof?30.Whichdoyouprefer,coffeeormilk?5831.Whenandwherewereyouborn?32.WhatdidSarahsaytoyoujustnow?33.WhatpresentdidyougiveTomforhisbirthday?34.Whendidyoustartplayingfootball?35.Whenwillthenewfilmbeshown?36.Whydidntyougotobedearlylastnight?37.Whatwillyousayifyouwanttoasksomeoneforhelp?38.Excuseme,howcanIgettothecinema?39.Whatistheoppositeoftheword happy?40.Whatsthemachinethatcancarrypeopleinthesky?59
